Objective To develop a rapid method with high sensitivity and specificity to detect Mycobacterium avium.Methods A polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was developed.Its sensitivity and specificity were verified by sequential dilution of DNA of M.avium and other17Mycobacterium spp.,respectively.Simulation of clinical infection was established by mixing normal skin tissue with M.avium.The treatment of the tissue specimens was optimized in order to improve the sensitivity of the PCR assay.Results A fragment of427bp was amplified by the PCR assay with the strains of M.avium at the sensitivity of1?10 2 cells/mL.The other17Mycobacterium spp.were all negative.The sensitivity of the PCR assay decreased to1?10 4 cells/mL when M.avium was mixed with the homogenized skin tissue.The sensitivity recovered to1?10 2 cell/mL when the skin tissue was diluted to≥1∶4.Conclusion It is suggested that PCR be a rapid and reliable method for detection of M.avium.

Objective To observe the survival and multiplication of Legionella pneumophila cocultured with Acanthamoeba polyphaga for setting up the laboratory model of such infections. Methods With the ratio of 1∶1000, Acanthamoeba polyphaga and Legionella pneumophila were cocultured under laboratory condition. We investigated the intracellular growth, survival and multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba polyphaga in morphological way by using inverted microscopy,electron microscopy and Giemsa staining of the cover glass picking up from the flask. Results Giemsa staining of the cover glass from the culture flask showed that the vacuoles appeared after 8 h coculture, and became more and bigger with the time. After 24 h, Giemsa staining showed that the bacteria started to accumulate within amoeba. In the anaphase of the coculture, the infected amoeba lacked defined organelle structures and was filled with legionella. The electron microscope revealed the survival of legionella in vacuoles of both trophozoites and cysts, showing different phases of binary fission. Conclusions Legionella pneumophila can survive and multiply in Acanthamoeba polyphaga . The results indicated that live amoeba could be a reservoir host for Legionella pneumophila.

Objective To develop a rapid method with high sensitivity and specificity to detect 4 mycobacterial species(M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. kansasii) which are the most common opportunistic Mycobacteria in AIDS patients. Methods The sensitivities and specificities of PCR were determined with different primer pairs targeting various mycobacterial genes. Multiplex PCR with combination of 4 primer pairs was used to detect the template mixtures of either 1, 2 or 3 mycobacterial DNA. Sensitivities of multiplex PCR were measured. Results Specific DNA fragments of 4 mycobacterial species mentioned above could be detected by PCR and sensitivities ranged from 1 ? 101 ~ 1 ? 102 cells/mL, while the other 17 mycobacterial strains were all PCR-negative. Multiplex PCR could amplify the corresponding 1, 2 or 3 DNA fragments, depending on the number of template DNA added, and sensitivities of multiplex PCR ranged from 1 ? 102 ~ 1 ? 103 cells/mL. Conclusions Multiplex PCR is a rapid, sensitive and specific method for differentiation and detection of Mycobacteria.

Objective To develop a PCR-RFLP method for the identification of eight mycobacterial species. Methods PCR was performed targeting the gene encoding 65-kDa heat shock protein which was common to all mycobacteria. Two restriction enzymes, BstE Ⅱ and Hae Ⅲ, were used to digest the PCR products, and specific restriction patterns of different mycobacteria were obtained. Results The specific restriction patterns of different mycobacteria were identical to the data previously reported. Conclusion We could differentiate M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. tuberculosis, M. scrofulaceum, M. marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae in one experiment by PCR-RFLP.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory action of ethanolic extracts from196kinds of Chi-nese herbs on tyrosinase.Methods Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined by the dopachrome method using L-DOPA as the substrate and the amount of dopachrome in the reaction mixture was measured by spec-trophotometer.Results Nine Chinese crude extracts[Glycyrrhiza glabra L.,Melaphis chinensis(Bell.)Baker,Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius,Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.,Sophora flavescens Ait.,Spirea thunbegii Sieb.et Bl.,Xanthium sibiricum Patr.,Morus alba L.,Rheum palmatum L.]showed potent inhibitory action on tyrosi-nase compared with positive control arbutin(1mmol/L,P0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that20kinds of crude extracts from Chinese herbs[Glycyrrhiza glabra L.,Melaphis chinensis(Bell.)Baker,Cryptotympana a-trata Fabricius,Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.,Sophora flavescens Ait.,Spirea thunbegii Sieb.et Bl.,Xanthium sibiricum Patr.,Morus alba L.,Rheum palmatum L.,Artemisia anomala S.Moore,Hemistepta lyrata Bunge,Lycium chinensis Mill.,Dipsacus asper wall.,Gastrodia elata Bl.,Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl.,Acer gin-nala Maxim.,Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,Patrinia sabiosaefolia Fisch.,Buxus sinica(Rehd.et Wils.)Ching,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,]inhibit tyrosinase and may be used as depigmentaty agents for pigmentary skin dis-eases caused by abnormal tyrosinase activity.

Objective.So far,it has not been established a satisfactory method for early diagnosis and studying on epidemiology for leprosy,we want to develop a molecular biological method for solving this point.Materials and methods.Based on the M.leprae gene coding groEL,65kD and 16S rRNA,three polymerase chain reactions were developed by using plikaytis',Woods' and Pattyn's procedures.It was optimized that the experimental parameters for each PCR,and a comparative study on practivity among three PCRs was also conducted for practical purpose.Results and conclusion.For detecting infection with M.leprae,all of PCRs established by us were highly sensitive and specific,but for practicl purpose,the woods'PCR optimized by us ought to be chosen firstly.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of alendronate on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis(GIO). METHODS: Thirty-five GIO patients were enrolled. Ten milligrams alendronate were prescribed daily for 6 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DEXA) after and before the treatment. RESULTS: BMD at lumbar, neck and trochanter sites of the 35 patients after the treatment was significantly increased compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05). Urine Ca/Cr level was decreased (P<0.05). There was no severe side effect. CONCLUSION Alendronate is effective and well tolerated for GIO.
Adult ; Alendronate ; therapeutic use ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Prednisone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Rheumatic Fever ; drug therapy

1), attributable risk (AR)=13.33%; ⑤Even though the serum specimens were taken from PB patients, the Ab of majouity of patients converted to positive when relapse occurred. In the majority of patients relapsed the levels of IgM-AbL tended to be increasing or pesistently positive. Usually relapse occurred 1-2 years after IgM-AbL was converted to positive. Relapse occurred 11-30 years after the patients were cured. In very rare case downgrading(from tuberculous to borderline leprosy) occurred. ⑥The levels of IgM-AbL gradually decreased in all relapsed patients after effective treatment except one case whose IgM-AbL was persistently positive. Conclusions The above results indicate that the ND-ELISA might be useful in screening early M.leprae infection and in predicting and monitoring the relapse of leprosy, especially in multibacillary patients.

Objective: To analyze associated factors of HIV infection among college students who are young men and have sex with men (YMSM) in Tianjin, providing reference for HIV prevention and control among YMSM college students. Methods: During Aug. 1st, 2018 to Dec. 31st, 2018, SHENLAN recruited college students who were YMSM aged 18-24 years from gay baths, gay bars, QQ, WeChat and gay dating app BLUED. HIV infection status and associated factors (general demographic characteristics, unsafe sexual behaviors, addictive substance using, basic knowledge of HIV) was collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 470 college students, including 21 HIV infected (4.47%), were enrolled in this study. Univariate Logistic regression analyses indicated that age, age at first sex behavior, HIV related knowledge, tobacco use, recreational drug usage, syphilis infection was associated with HIV infection among YMSM students (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis found age of first sex (OR=21.20，95%CI=3.09-145.43), recreational drug use (OR=5.07，95%CI=1.77-14.48), lack of HIV related knowledge (OR=3.38，95%CI=1.33-8.63)were associated with HIV infection (P<0.05). Conclusion College students who are YMSM in Tianjin have a high rate of HIV infection, who deserves further attention. Targeted campus HIV/AIDS prevention program should be developed combined with specific characteristics of this population.

Objective: To observe the effects of minimally invasive tangential excision in treating deep partial-thickness burn wounds on trunk and limbs in pediatric patients in the early stage post burn. Methods: Clinical data of 40 children with deep partial-thickness burn wounds on trunk and limbs, admitted to our burn ward from January 2016 to June 2017, conforming to the study criteria, were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into conventional treatment group (CT, n=19) and minimally invasive tangential excision group (MITE, n=21) according to the different treatments. The patients in group CT were treated with eschar-reserving therapy firstly. When tangential excision was performed, the roller knife was used, and no necrotic tissue left on the wound bed was considered the proper depth of excision. Razor-thickness skin grafting was performed to cover the wound when adipose tissue exposed markedly after tangential excision. Dressing change was performed within 48 h after the operation and repeated every 2 days. Unhealed wounds were covered by razor-thickness skin grafting. The patients in group MITE were treated with tangential excision in the early stage post burn. The tangential excision was operated with electric dermatome, and the thickness was set at 0.1 mm to excise the surface of eschar until the sporadic punctate hemorrhage on wound surface was observed and some necrotic tissue was left on the wound bed. Porcine acellular dermal matrix was applied after tangential excision. The first dressing change was often performed about 1 week after the operation. Razor-thickness skin grafting was performed to cover the unhealed wounds. The length of wound healing, high fever, antibiotic usage, and hospital stay, times of later operation, and hospitalization expenses of patients in the 2 groups were recorded. The excisional eschar and wound bed tissue of patients in group MITE were harvested for pathological observation. Data were processed with t test and Fisher′s exact probability test. Results: (1) There were no statistically significant differences in length of high fever and length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses between patients in the 2 groups (t=-1.67, -1.93, 0.31, P>0.05). The lengths of wound healing [(24.8±2.5) d] and antibiotic usage [(4.4±0.7) d] of patients in group MITE were significantly shorter than those in group CT [(33.3±2.5) and (7.0±0.7) d, t=-2.44, -2.44, P<0.05], and times of later operation of patients in group MITE [(0.29±0.14) times] were significantly less than those in group CT [(0.79±0.21) times, t=-2.03, P<0.05]. (2) The thickness of the excisional eschar of patients in group MITE was about 150 μm. The eschar has epidermis and upper dermis. Some necrotic tissue was left on the wound bed. Conclusions The treatment for pediatric deep partial-thickness burn wounds on trunk and limbs with minimally invasive tangential excision using electric dermatome in the early stage post burn can accelerate wound healing, shorten length of antibiotic usage, and reduce times of later operations.