【Objective】 To understand the antigen profile and antibody frequency of Wr^a in voluntary blood donors in Shaanxi province. 【Methods】 Wr^a antigen and antibody screening as well as blood group typing and antibody identification were performed by serological tests and confirmed by genetic testing. 【Results】 The incidence of Wr^a antigen in 7 490 voluntary blood donors was 0.013%(1/7 490), and the frequency of anti-Wr^a in 729 voluntary blood donors was 0.823%(6/729). 【Conclusion】 This study explored the polymorphism of Wr^a antigen and antibodies in blood donors, which is informative in the risk assessment of blood transfusion and the screening and identification of respective antibodies.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular basis of an individual featuring weak A phenotype of ABO blood group system.

METHODSSerologic investigations, serum transferases activity assay and absorption-elution test were carried out to identify the ABO blood group. The 7 exons and flanking introns of ABO glycosyltransferase gene were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The products were sequenced bidirectinally following enzyme digestion. Haplotypes of exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were analyzed.

RESULTSA weak A antigen was identified on red blood cells of the proband. Eight heterozygous sites in exons 6 and 7 (261delG 297A/G, 421C/T, 467C/T, 646T/A, 681G/A, 771C/T, 829G/A) of the ABO gene were identified. Based on haplotype analysis, one allele was determined as O02, while a novel mutation 421T>C was identified in another allele, which resulted in the amino acid change Ser141Pro of the A glycosyltransferase.

CONCLUSIONAbove results suggested that amino acid substitutions resulted from a novel mutation 421T>C of the ABO gene may decrease the enzymatic activity and result in the weak A phenotype.

Objective:To investigate the utility of 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET imaging in assessing the therapeutic response in pressure overload-induced heart failure. Methods:Rat models of pressure overload-induced heart failure were established by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). Thirty rats were categorized into AAC group, 7 days reverse AAC (rAAC) group, and sham operation (sham) group ( n=10 per group) using completely random grouping method. All rats underwent 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging at 4 and 8 weeks after the ACC operation, while echocardiography, pathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed at 8 weeks postoperation. One-way analysis of variance, independent-sample t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results:68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging showed that the target-to-background ratios of the heart and liver had significant differences among three groups both at 4 and 8 weeks postoperation ( F values: 2 547.12, 2 041.71, 462.65, 1 210.97, all P<0.001). Echocardiography revealed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd), and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (LVIDs) in three groups at 8 weeks postoperation were significantly different ( F values: 118.92, 9.11, 10.63, all P<0.01). Rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks postoperation, and Masson staining showed that the fibrosis in the heart and liver of the rAAC group was significantly improved compared with that of the AAC group, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly lower FAP levels in the heart and liver of the rAAC group compared with those of the AAC group ( t values: from -11.27 to -4.16, all P<0.01). FAPI uptake in the heart of the AAC group and rAAC group at 8 weeks postoperation were significantly positively correlated with FAPI uptake in the liver, LVIDd and LVIDs, FAPI uptake in the heart was significantly negatively correlated with LVEF, and FAPI uptake in the heart and liver were significantly positively correlated with fibrosis degree and FAP levels of corresponding organs ( r values: -0.89, -0.88, 0.72-0.97, all P<0.05). Conclusions:68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT can show the improvement process of cardio-liver fibrosis following the unloading of excessive pressure in heart failure. Myocardial FAPI uptake is closely related to the extent of heart failure improvement.

【Objective】 Tostudy the effect of ABO blood group on the FⅧ∶C and Fib content in human plasma, so as to provide the oretical guidance for the quality control of fresh plasma products and the establishment of relevant quality standards. 【Methods】 Samples determined included fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually. The FⅧ∶C and Fib content were determined by coagulation method. The exon6 of ABO gene was amplified and sequenced to determine the genotype. 【Results】 The FⅧ∶C in fresh plasma collected was (147.421±45.773)%, and that in fresh plasma separated manually was (119.083±35.130)%, showing significant differences(P<0.05). The Fib content in fresh plasma collected was (2.252±0.381)g/L, and that in fresh plasma separated manually was (2.324±0.470)g/L, with no significant differences observed (P>0.05). The FⅧ∶C in non-O type (A, B, AB type) fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually were (167.048±40.862)% and (129.251±33.503)%, respectively, significantly higher than that in O type fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually as(121.386±38.632)% and (91.589±22.328)%, respectively. The Fib contents in non-O type fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually were (2.242±0.385)g/L and (2.329±0.472)g/L, respectively. The Fib contents in O type fresh plasma collected and fresh plasma separated manually were (2.287±0.370)g/L and (2.307±0.462)g/L, respectively, and no significant difference was noticed (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 There was no significant correlation between Fib content and ABO blood group, while FⅧ∶C was significantly correlated with ABO blood group. In the preparation and quality control of FⅧ related blood products, the effect of ABO blood group on the FⅧ∶C should be considered, and the quality standard of FⅧ in plasma products should be established based on the ABO blood group.

【Objective】 Toexplore the viability of preparing washed RBCs ordeglycerolized RBCs(referred as frozen RBCs)from blood containing irregular antibodies, so as to provide references for formulating processing procedures of blood containing irregular antibodiestosave blood resources and reduce blood wastage. 【Methods】 Once irregular antibodies were yielded, their type and titerwere determined.The plasma was discarded, and the suspended RBCs were prepared and processed according to the standardized washing scheme.The processing effect of blood with different titers and types of antibodies was observed, and theirfurther clinical application was followed up. 【Results】 From May 2017 to July 2019, a total of 45 blood samples containing irregular antibodies were screened in our center. The overall qualified rate reached 91.1% after processing. 100%(25/25) was qualified in IgM, and 80.0%(16/20)in IgG.4samples, initially noncom for mingdue to IgG-Dwith titerranged8~16, met the requirements after one or two additional washing processes. Among them, 23 cases were issued and appliedin clinicaland noadeverse reactions to blood transfusionoccurred. 【Conclusion】 After appropriate processing, blood containing irregular antibody can be applied to the clinical to save blood resources. When the irregular antibody is IgG-D and the titer is high, the washing times should be increased, and only when there is no residual antibodycan the samples be issued to the clinical.

[Abstract] [Objective] To evaluate the immunogenicity of red blood cell blood group antigens in the population of Xi'an. [Methods] Data on blood group antigens of voluntary blood donors from the Shaanxi Province Blood Center and unexpected antibody detection results from clinically submitted cases between January 2019 and May 2024 were analyzed. The Giblett blood group antigen immunogenicity calculation formula was used to calculate the immunogenicity of blood group antigens based on the frequency of unexpected antibodies and the probability of antigen-negative patients receiving antigen-positive red blood cells. The relative immunogenicity of each blood group antigen was obtained by multiplying the immunogenicity of the K antigen (0.095). [Results] A total of 30 921 individuals were included for red blood cell blood group antigen analysis, with 511 cases of unexpected antibody identification. The ranking of red blood cell blood group antigen immunogenicity for the overall population was: Wr^a>E>Di^b>Fy^a>K>C>e>c>Di^a>Jk^a>M>Le^a>Jk^b>Le^b>Fy^b>S, while for males, it was: Di^b>Wr^a>E>K>Fy^a>C>e>c>M>Di^a>Jk^a>Fy^b>Le^a>Le^b>Jk^b>S. [Conclusion] Based on the immunogenicity ranking from strong to weak of red blood cell antigens in the population of Xi'an, this study provides theoretical support for the expansion and matching of antigens, and technical support for achieving precise red blood cell transfusions to improve transfusion efficacy and safety.

【Objective】 To screen individuals with rare blood type of Kidd, Diego, Duffy blood group system among the voluntary blood donor in Shaanxi province and to establish on-line and physical database of rare blood type. 【Methods】 Jk(a-b-)phenotype donors were screened by 2 mol/L urea hemolysis test. Blood donors with Di(a+ b-) phenotype were screened by genotyping; Fy(a-) and D-- phenotype donors were screened by modified antiglobulin assay. 【Results】 Three cases of Jk(a-b-) phenotype were detected out of 158 484 voluntary blood donors. The distribution frequency of Jk(a-b-) phenotype was 0.019‰. Di(a+ b-) phenotype was detected in 2(0.436‰) cases out of 4 586 voluntary blood donor. Fy(a-) phenotype was detected in 8(4.034‰) cases out of 1 983 voluntary blood donors. D-- phenotype was not detected in 29 430 voluntary blood donors. 【Conclusion】 The on-line database of Kidd, Diego, Duffy blood group system had been established by large-size screening of blood donor samples, which can conclude the region′s population distribution and genetic characteristics of RBC blood group. And physical database could further be established using the technology of red blood cells cryopreservation when the conditionspermit, so as to provide the most compatible blood for the clinical effectively improve blood transfusion safety, and provide data support for blood early warning.

【Objective】 To observe the distribution of the unexpected antibodies in order to study the safety and strategies in 1 779 cases of clinical blood transfusion. 【Methods】 A total of 1 779 patients with unexpected antibodies were enrolled from transfusion candidates in various hospitals in Xi′an during a 10-year period(from 2012 to 2022.5). 【Results】 The unexpected antibodies were detected in 926(52.05%) of 1779 samples. The detected antibodies were mainly from 8 blood group systems and their distributions were as follows: Rh antibodies in 69.76%(646/926), Kidd in 2.59%(24/926), Lewis in 4.21%(39/926), MNS in 12.53%(116/926), P in 0.43%(4/926), Diego in 0.65%(6/926), Duffy in 0.54%(5/926), I in 0.97%(9/926), Rh+ MNS in 1.30%(12/926), Rh+ Lewis in 0.65%(6/926), Rh+ Kidd in 3.24%(30/926), Rh+ Diego in 1.51%(14/926), Rh+ Duffy in 0.86%(8/926), MNS+ Diego in 0.11%(1/926), Rh+ MNS+ Kidd in 0.22%(2/926), Rh+ Lewis+ Kidd in 0.22%(2/926), Rh+ Kidd+ P in 0.11%(1/926), Rh+ Kidd+ Diego in 0.11%(1/926). 【Conclusion】 According to the distribution of unexpected antibodies in Xi′an, antibodies from Rh system, were the most common ones.First, the production of unexpected antibodies can be effectively reduced by establishing Rh compatible blood transfusion. Secondly, antibody screen cells containing low-frequency antigens, such as Mur, Di^a and Wr^a, should be reasonably selected to prevent missing detection of anti-low frequency antigen antibodies in Xi′an. Furthermore, the genotyping technology of rare blood group should be promoted and a rare blood group red blood cell bank be established to optimize the blood inventory and ensure the safety of blood transfusion.

【Objective】 To identify one blood sample with ambiguous antibody screening result, explore the identification strategy of complex antibodies and provide blood transfusion plan. 【Methods】 Blood typing and antibody screening were performed by serological test. The genotyping of Diego blood group was carried out by gene detection. Absorption and elution test were designed to identify the complex antibodies. 【Results】 Serological test showed that the patient′s blood type was B, ccDEE, Jk(a-b+ ), Le(a-b+ ), Fy(a+ b-), Di(a+ b-). The results of genotyping showed that the Diego genotype of the patient was Di (a+ b-). Based on the above results, absorption and elution tests were designed and IgG anti-Di^b, IgG anti-Ce, and IgG anti-Jk^a antibodies were detected in serum of the patient. Combined with the use of immunoglobulin and targeted blood transfusion measures, successful treatment was provided for the patient. 【Conclusion】 For the identification of antibodies against high frequency antigen combined with multiple antibodies, a variety of experimental techniques and methods should be combined, and the experimental scheme should be designed flexibly.