Phospholipase A2(PLA2)is a class of enzymes with the ability to catalyze hydrolysis of lipoproteins and glycerophospholipid in the membrane, mainly including secreted PLA2 ( sPLA2 ) , cytosolic PLA2 ( cPLA2 ) , Ca2+-independent PLA2 ( iPLA2 ) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 ( Lp-PLA2 ) .They are closely related to many diseases.The studies of the role of PLA2 in cardiovascular diseases have been a hot topic in recent years.This paper focuses on the recent advances in research on the effects of PLA2 on cardiovascular diseases in animal experiments.

Objective To observe the effect of midazolam plus propofol administered for colonoscopy on cognitive function in middle-aged and aged patients. Methods One hundred and thirty six patients, ASA I and II, aged 40~75 years and undergoing colonoscopy were randomized to propofol group (group P, n=68) and propofol plus midazolam group (group PM, n=68). Baseline cognitive function was measured using Mini mental state exami-nation (MMSE) before anesthesia and the cognitive testing was repeated 10 minutes after emerging from anesthesia. BP, HR, SpO2, analgesic effect and sedative drug doses in both groups were recorded. Procedure time, recovery time and Rasmay sedation score were both recorded. Results Recovery time was significantly longer in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). The total dose of propofol was significantly smaller in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). MMSE score of both groups decreased, but the incidence of cognitive decline and the level of cognition in group PM were more notable than those of group P (P<0.05). Conclusions Midazolam plus propofol and propo-fol alone administered for colonoscopy could both increase the incidence of cognitive decline, and the effect of the former is more notable, but midazolam added to propofol could reduce the dosage of propofol.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of jujuboside A on glomerular cell apoptosis in diabetic rats, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS SD rats were administered with streptozotocin 100 mg · kg-1 to estabilish the diabetic model. Diabetic SD rats received jujuboside A 10 and 20 mg · kg-1 daily for 4 weeks by lavage administration, respectively. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) in the blood of each group was measured by fructosamine method. The morphological changes in glomerular cells were observed by PAS staining. Glomerular cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of cleaved caspase 9 and cleaved caspase 3 was detected by Western blotting. Trans?forming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS Compared with model group, jujuboside A 10 and 20 mg·kg-1 treatment significantly reduced the level of GHb in blood (mmol · L- 1: 10.9 ± 0.8 vs 17.5 ± 1.5, P<0.05; 7.6 ± 0.5 vs 17.5 ± 1.5, P<0.05), PAS positive score of glomerular cells (26.8 ± 3.2 vs 36.4 ± 3.8, P<0.05; 18.4 ± 2.1 vs 36.4 ± 3.8, P<0.05) and the apoptosis of glomerular cells〔(8.2±0.8)%vs (17.6±1.8)%, P<0.05;(5.1±0.5)%vs (17.6±1.8)%, P<0.05〕. Moreover, Bcl-2 protein expression in kidney tissues was elevated (P<0.05), whereas Bax (P<0.05), cleaved caspase 9 (P<0.05) and cleaved caspase 3 (P<0.05) protein expression and TGF-β1 mRNA (P<0.05) expression were reduced after jujuboside A administration. CONCLUSION Jujuboside A can prevent glomerular cell apoptosis in diabetic rats, which may be associated with the regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and TGF-β1 expression.

Objective To analyze the direct and indirect effects of influencing factors on suicide ideation among college students based on the structural equation model. Methods 1505 college students were investigated with ASLEC, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, SSRS, QSA and BDI. Results Incidence rate of college students' suicidal ideations during the past year was 6.67%. The goodness of fit for the structural equation model was satisfactory and 3 major indices( x2/df = 2.23, GFI = 0. 982, RMSEA = 0. 029 ) had met corresponding requirements. The depression was directly influencing factor on suicide ideation, while four factors including passive coping style, social support, positive coping style and suicide attitude, had indirect impacts. Negative life event not only directly affected suicide ideation, but also had indirect effects. According to the percentages of their contribution, the risk factors were ranked as follows:depression (41.08%), negativity life event (35.35%) and passive coping style (6.05%). Similarly, the top protective factor was: social support ( 11.94% ), followed by positive coping style (4.94%) and suicide attitude (0.63%). Conclusion Depression is an important risk factor of suicide,and has a direct impact. So, not only strengthen the mental health of college students, but also train students to face up the difficulties with a positive style, and make the college students get social supports sufficiently.

The chemical constituents of fistular onion stalk obtained by supercritical CO(2) extraction were separated and purified by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and the preparative TLC method and four flavonoids were obtained. On the basis of the spectral data, they were structurally identified as (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, astragalin, and 3-O-beta-D(2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranosides of kaempferol.

Objective To determine the effects of β-estradiol on vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein and its potential mechanisms.Methods Human umbilical cord samples were obtained from 96 term neonates of healthy singleton pregnant women born in the First Hospital of Soochow University between December 2013 and June 2015 (multiple pregnancy,pregnancy complications,cesarean delivery and low birth weight were excluded).Human umbilical arteries and veins were isolated and suspended in 37 2 organ baths containing 5 ml Krebs solution and exposed to β-estradiol followed by phenylephrine (PE) for vasoconstriction test.The subjects were divided into β-estradiol group and control group according to the presence or absence of β-estradiol incubation.To determine the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of β-estradiol on PE-induced vasoconstriction,human umbilical artery and vein rings were pretreated with N ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NMMA,nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor),fulvestrant (ICI182780,estradiol receptor antagonist),indomethacin (prostaglandin synthesis blocker),and removal of endothelium,then incubated with β-estradiol for 60 min followed by PE,and the concentration-response curves to PE were recorded.The concentrationresponse curves to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU,protein kinase C agonist) in Krebs solution in the presence or absence of β-estradiol were also obtained.Nonlinear regression and fitting curve were performed,and the two-sample ANOVA was used for analysis.Results (1) β-estradiol suppressed PE-induced vasoconstriction of human umbilical vein and artery.In human umbilical vein and artery of the control group,the maximum contraction intensity induced by PE was (59.17± 5.98)％ and (43.35± 5.02)％ of that induced by potassium chloride,respectively.The maximum contraction induced by PE in β-estradiol group was (5.87± 1.32)％and (4.52±1.22)％ of that induced by potassium chloride.(2) In both groups,incubation with L-NMMA or endothelium removal enhanced the vasoconstriction of human umbilical artery and vein,indicating that the inhibitory effect of β-estradiol was not influenced by the endothelium.(3) The suppression of β-estradiol on PE-induced vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein was not significantly decreased by estrogen receptor antagonist.(4) β-estradiol did not affect human umbilical artery and vein vasoconstriction induced by PDBU.(5) In the control group,incubation with indomethacin did not affect human umbilical artery and vein vasoconstriction induced by PE.In the β-estradiol group,indomethacin significantly enhanced the contraction response induced by PE,suggesting that prostacycline synthesis was partly involved in β-estradiol-suppressed contractility in human umbilical artery and vein.The contractile response induced by phenylephrine was still lower in the β-estradiol group than in the control group,which was induced by indomethacin.Conclusions (1) β-estradiol can suppress vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein,which is not dependent on endothelium and estrogen receptors,or protein kinase C activity,(2) Prostacycline synthesis is partly involved in β-estradiol-suppressed vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein.

Objective To compare the effects of forming atherosclerosis by conducting ballon injury operation after 1th, 2th and 3th week of Vitamin D3(VD3) i.p., exploring the best method for atherosclerosis modeling .Methods 36 male rats were selected for balloon-injured carotid artery .SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:control group ( n=6), Model group1 (n=10), Model group2(n=10), Model group3 (n=10).Control group were fed up with common diet.Model groups were fed up with high-fat diet and injected 4.0 ×105 IU/kg VD3 through enterocoelia in the beginning , followed by the balloon-injured left carotid artery operation after 1th, 2th and 3th week respectively and 1.0 ×105 IU/kg VD3injection at 0th, 2th week after operation.The rats were killed at 4th week after operation.The serum levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were checked .ELISA was used to detect the content of hsCRP , IL-6 and TNFα.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the thoracic aorta , and the thoracic aorta thickness , plaque area ( PA) , cross-sectional area of vessel ( CVA) and the ratio of PA to CVA ( PA/CVA) were analyzed .Results After 4 weeks of operation , levels of TC and LDL-C were significantly increased in Model group 2 and 3 compared with that of the control group ( P<0.05).Furthermore, contents of hsCRP, IL-6 and TNFαof model groups were also seriously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and that of Model group 3 were the highest.Typical AS plagues were observed in different degrees in model groups, and thoracic aorta thickness and PA/CVA were obviously increased than that of control group (P<0.05). Model group 3 turned out masses of lipid foam cells accumulated , and PA, CVA and PA/CVA were significantly increased than that of Model group2 or 3.Conclusion The AS model can be established successfully in rats with ballon injury after 3 weeks of high-fat diet plus VD3 i.p., which is the ideal method to induced atherosclerosis model .

Objective To investigate the relationship between hematocrit(HCT) and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods A community-based health examination survey in individuals who were randomly selected from residents living in the urban area of Xuzhou was carried out in 2006.2 798 subjects without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were included in the present study.Subjects were divided into two groups according to HCT level,group A (HCT ≤ 0.49 L/L) and group B (HCT ＞ 0.49 L/L).Serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,triglycerides,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,low density lipoproteincholesterol,fasting plasma glucose,and imaging examinations were determined.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was higher in group B than that in group A (26.5％ vs 15.9％,P＜0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Logistic regression showed that the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was increased along with elevated levels of HCT.Conclusions HCT is found to be correlated with the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective To analyze the frequencies of HLA-DQA1 alleles and their clinical values in the donor-recipient HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1,-DQB1 (10/10) matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods This study recruited 127 patients who received allogeneic HSCT and 127 unrelated donors.High-resolution (High Res) DNA typing for HLA-DQA1 alleles were performed on the 254 subjects by using sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) and high resolution of sequence specific primer(High Res SSP).Results The DQA1 allele genotypes of 36 pairs of donor-recipient were directly identified by using SSOP.The ambiguous DQA1 allele genotypes of the rest 91 pairs were identified by using High Res SSP.Among the 127 pairs of donor-recipient,5 pairs were HLA-DQA1 alleles mismatched,while the others were all matched.No significant differences in the distribution of HLA-DQA1 alleles were observed between the donors and the recipients.Sixteen HLA-DQA1 alleles were detected in the 127 donors,which were DQA1 * 02 ∶ 01 (19.3％),DQA1* 01 ∶ 02(19.3％),DQA1 * 03 ∶ 02/03 (17.0％),DQA1 *01∶03 (9.8％),DQA1*06∶01(9.1％),DQA1*05∶ 01(7.1％),DQA1*05∶05(5.9％),DQA1*03∶01 (4.7％),DQA1*01 ∶04(2.4％),DQA1*01∶05(2.0％),DQA1*01∶01(1.2％),DQA1*05 ∶ 03(0.8％),DQA1 *05 ∶ 08(0.8％),DQA1*04 ∶ 01(0.4％),DQA1*05 ∶ 06(0.4％) from high to low frequency.Moreover,a new allele was detected in the patients.The haplotypes' frequencies and linkage disequilibrium(LD) analysis of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 showed that the most common haplotype was DQA1 *02 ∶ 01-DQB1 *02 ∶ 02(16.1％),followed by DQA1 *03 ∶ 02/03-DQB1 *03 ∶ 03 (11.8％)and DQA1 *01 ∶ 03-DQB1 * 06 ∶ 01 (9.1％).Stronger LD were observed between DQA1 * 02 ∶ 01 and DQB1*02 ∶ 02,DQA1 *03 ∶ 02 and DQB1*03 ∶ 03,DQA1 *01 ∶ 03 and DQB1*06 ∶ 01,HLA-DQA1*06∶01 andDQB1*03 ∶ 01,DQA1*05 ∶ 01 and DQB1*02 ∶ 02(P＜0.001).Conclusion There was strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes.The polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 gene was less than that of HLA-DQB1 gene.No more guidance was provided to donor selection in unrelated donor-recipient HLA matched HSCT by adding HLA-DQA1 genotyping,but it might have clinical application values in HSCT with HLA Ⅱ locus mismatched donor and recipient.

Osteoporosis seriously threatens the living quality of people, especially the elderly, and causes a huge economic burden to society. In the past, bisphosphonates, denosumab and other first-line drugs were used in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, these drugs can only inhibit bone resorption, but can not promote bone formation. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat osteoporosis, however, it has some defects and deficiencies, such as genetic instability, limited cell survival and increased risk of cancer. However, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos) can regulate the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts by mediating wingless and int-1 (Wnt)/β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, promote bone regeneration, and thus has an impact on osteoporosis. In this paper, preclinical studies on MSCs and MSCs-Exos in the treatment of osteoporosis in recent years were reviewed, in order to provide a new idea for the treatment of osteoporosis.