The method of flying through the air is a qi-promoting and qi-circulating technique commonly used in clinical acupuncture. It includes four methods: the blue dragon wagging its tail, the white tiger shaking its head, the green turtle probing the cave and the red phoenix winging to the source and functions to circulate bodily meridian qi. The method of flying through the air was firstrecorded in Golden needle Fu. Later and modern doctors developed it on the basis of Golden needle Fu. This article straightens up the historical origin and development of four methods of flying through the air.

Purpose To Investigate the effect of diet-induced hyperchole sterolemia on the kidney ofWistar rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed with normal chow supplemented with 5 % cholesteroland observed biochemical changes in plasma lipid concentration, urinary microalbumin excretion, renalfunction, lipid component in renal cortices and morphological changes at 30,60 and 90 days. ResultsTotal plasma cholesterol (TCh) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were significantly elevatedin the group E (P＜0.05)at 30 days, and progressively increased thereafter, but during the entire study,there ere no differences in plasma urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr), and endogenous creatinine clearance(Ccr) between the two groups. Quantitative urinary microalbumin excration was markely elevated in group E( P ＜ 0.05 ). Cholesterol (Ch), phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) levels of t he renalcortices were sigificantly increased in the group E at 12 weeks. Progressive development in mesangialhypercellulary, increased mesangial matrix, glomerular capillaries collapes were observed in the group E. Noelectron dense deposits were observed in any of the glomeruli examined. There was a siginificant positivecorrelation for the urinary microalbumin, Ch in the renal corticres, and glomerular size with plasma TCh andLDL concentration. Conclusions The diet-induced hypercholesterolemia may cause lipid nephrotoxicity inWistar rats.

Objective To determine the effects of β-estradiol on vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein and its potential mechanisms.Methods Human umbilical cord samples were obtained from 96 term neonates of healthy singleton pregnant women born in the First Hospital of Soochow University between December 2013 and June 2015 (multiple pregnancy,pregnancy complications,cesarean delivery and low birth weight were excluded).Human umbilical arteries and veins were isolated and suspended in 37 2 organ baths containing 5 ml Krebs solution and exposed to β-estradiol followed by phenylephrine (PE) for vasoconstriction test.The subjects were divided into β-estradiol group and control group according to the presence or absence of β-estradiol incubation.To determine the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of β-estradiol on PE-induced vasoconstriction,human umbilical artery and vein rings were pretreated with N ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NMMA,nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor),fulvestrant (ICI182780,estradiol receptor antagonist),indomethacin (prostaglandin synthesis blocker),and removal of endothelium,then incubated with β-estradiol for 60 min followed by PE,and the concentration-response curves to PE were recorded.The concentrationresponse curves to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU,protein kinase C agonist) in Krebs solution in the presence or absence of β-estradiol were also obtained.Nonlinear regression and fitting curve were performed,and the two-sample ANOVA was used for analysis.Results (1) β-estradiol suppressed PE-induced vasoconstriction of human umbilical vein and artery.In human umbilical vein and artery of the control group,the maximum contraction intensity induced by PE was (59.17± 5.98)％ and (43.35± 5.02)％ of that induced by potassium chloride,respectively.The maximum contraction induced by PE in β-estradiol group was (5.87± 1.32)％and (4.52±1.22)％ of that induced by potassium chloride.(2) In both groups,incubation with L-NMMA or endothelium removal enhanced the vasoconstriction of human umbilical artery and vein,indicating that the inhibitory effect of β-estradiol was not influenced by the endothelium.(3) The suppression of β-estradiol on PE-induced vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein was not significantly decreased by estrogen receptor antagonist.(4) β-estradiol did not affect human umbilical artery and vein vasoconstriction induced by PDBU.(5) In the control group,incubation with indomethacin did not affect human umbilical artery and vein vasoconstriction induced by PE.In the β-estradiol group,indomethacin significantly enhanced the contraction response induced by PE,suggesting that prostacycline synthesis was partly involved in β-estradiol-suppressed contractility in human umbilical artery and vein.The contractile response induced by phenylephrine was still lower in the β-estradiol group than in the control group,which was induced by indomethacin.Conclusions (1) β-estradiol can suppress vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein,which is not dependent on endothelium and estrogen receptors,or protein kinase C activity,(2) Prostacycline synthesis is partly involved in β-estradiol-suppressed vasoconstriction in human umbilical artery and vein.

Objective To analyze the frequencies of HLA-DQA1 alleles and their clinical values in the donor-recipient HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1,-DQB1 (10/10) matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods This study recruited 127 patients who received allogeneic HSCT and 127 unrelated donors.High-resolution (High Res) DNA typing for HLA-DQA1 alleles were performed on the 254 subjects by using sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) and high resolution of sequence specific primer(High Res SSP).Results The DQA1 allele genotypes of 36 pairs of donor-recipient were directly identified by using SSOP.The ambiguous DQA1 allele genotypes of the rest 91 pairs were identified by using High Res SSP.Among the 127 pairs of donor-recipient,5 pairs were HLA-DQA1 alleles mismatched,while the others were all matched.No significant differences in the distribution of HLA-DQA1 alleles were observed between the donors and the recipients.Sixteen HLA-DQA1 alleles were detected in the 127 donors,which were DQA1 * 02 ∶ 01 (19.3％),DQA1* 01 ∶ 02(19.3％),DQA1 * 03 ∶ 02/03 (17.0％),DQA1 *01∶03 (9.8％),DQA1*06∶01(9.1％),DQA1*05∶ 01(7.1％),DQA1*05∶05(5.9％),DQA1*03∶01 (4.7％),DQA1*01 ∶04(2.4％),DQA1*01∶05(2.0％),DQA1*01∶01(1.2％),DQA1*05 ∶ 03(0.8％),DQA1 *05 ∶ 08(0.8％),DQA1*04 ∶ 01(0.4％),DQA1*05 ∶ 06(0.4％) from high to low frequency.Moreover,a new allele was detected in the patients.The haplotypes' frequencies and linkage disequilibrium(LD) analysis of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 showed that the most common haplotype was DQA1 *02 ∶ 01-DQB1 *02 ∶ 02(16.1％),followed by DQA1 *03 ∶ 02/03-DQB1 *03 ∶ 03 (11.8％)and DQA1 *01 ∶ 03-DQB1 * 06 ∶ 01 (9.1％).Stronger LD were observed between DQA1 * 02 ∶ 01 and DQB1*02 ∶ 02,DQA1 *03 ∶ 02 and DQB1*03 ∶ 03,DQA1 *01 ∶ 03 and DQB1*06 ∶ 01,HLA-DQA1*06∶01 andDQB1*03 ∶ 01,DQA1*05 ∶ 01 and DQB1*02 ∶ 02(P＜0.001).Conclusion There was strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes.The polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 gene was less than that of HLA-DQB1 gene.No more guidance was provided to donor selection in unrelated donor-recipient HLA matched HSCT by adding HLA-DQA1 genotyping,but it might have clinical application values in HSCT with HLA Ⅱ locus mismatched donor and recipient.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Glutamine (Gln) on the expression of PCNA in intestinal tissue of neo-natal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to explore the protective mechanism of Gln in intestinal mucosa.Methods Forty-eight neonatal rats at the age of 48 hours were selected, and divided into 4 groups, control group, Gln group, NEC group, NECGln group. Each group had 12 rats. Control group were fed mice milk substitutes; Gln group were fed mice milk substitutes mixed with Gln; NEC group were fed mice milk substitutes and had cold/ hypoxia exposure twice a day for 3 days; NECGln group were exposed to cold stress, hypoxia and treated with Gln mixed in the milk. The expression of PCNA was detected using immunohistochemical method.Results Compared with control group were and Gln group, the general condition was worse, and the weight was decreased in NEC and NECGln group. The inifltrated inlfammatory cells, congestion, edema, intrinsic layer separation were observed in intestinal mucosa in NEC and NECGln group. The intestinal villus was lost in severe in NEC and NECGln group. The PCNA index was 34.17±5.78, 34.42±5.38, 15.00±1.94, 30.67±3.14 in control, Gln, NEC and NECGln group respectively, with signiifcant difference between each groups (H=24.32,P=0.000). The expression of PCNA in NEC group was lower than that in normal, Gln, and NECGln group (P<0.008). The expression of PCNA had no signiifcant difference among normal, Gln, and NECGln group (P>0.008).Conclusions The expression of PCNA in intestinal mucosa was decreased in NEC rats. Gln supplement could raise the expression of PCNA in intestinal mucosa of NEC rats, and accelerate the speed of intestinal mucosa repair.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of prenatal hypoxia on vasomotor functions of fetal rats.Methods Sixteen pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:control and hypoxia groups (eight in each group).Rats in the hypoxia group were provided with 10.5％ of oxygen from gestation day 5 to 21,while those in the control group were exposed to normoxic condition.Fetuses were removed from the pregnant rats by cesarean section on gestational day 21.Fetal body weight,blood gas and electrolyte levels were measured.Thoracic aorta rings were separated from fetal rats and used in different vascular function tests.Effects of hypoxia during pregnancy on angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-mediated vasoconstrictions and acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated vasodilatations in fetal thoracic aortas were measured.Changes in vasomotor functions were observed after both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-Name) and L-type calcium channel (LTCC) inhibitor nifedipine were administered.T-test and two-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) Compared with the control group,fetal body weight [(4.40±0.23) vs (3.33±0.42) g,t=2.871],blood partial pressure of oxygen [(50.64±2.17) vs (42.50-±-2.32) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=-2.618] and blood oxygen saturation [(58.95±1.97)％ vs (47.73±2.24)％,t=3.564] in the hypoxia group were significantly reduced (all P＜0.05).(2) Compared with the control group,Ang Ⅱ-mediated vasoconstrictions increased,but Ach-mediated vasodilatations in fetal thoracic aortas decreased in the hypoxia group (both P＜0.05).L Name induced stronger Ang Ⅱ-mediated contractions in thoracic aortas in the control group than that in the hypoxia group (P＜0.05).However,nifedipine decreased Ang Ⅱ-induced contractions,especially in the hypoxia group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Maternal hypoxia during pregnancy not only affects the growth and development of fetuses but also changes their blood vessel functions,which may be related to the change of LTCC and the impairment of eNOS.

Objective To construct the KU80 inhibition cell model by RNAi in U2OS cell and to explore the relationship between the Ku80,telomeres and radiosensitivity in telomerase-negative tumor cells.Methods U2OS cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmids of pshRNA-K80 by the lipofectamine,and the stable transfected cell clones were selected by G418.After the selection,the cells were collected and analyzed by the flow cytometry.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of Ku80 and Real-time PCR was used to detect the length of telomeres.The radiosensitivity of U2OS was determined by clone formation array.Results The transfection efficiency of the positive cell clones detected by the flow cytometry was (83.23 ± 7.63) ％.The inhibition rate of the Ku80 gene transcription in the cell group with recombinant plasmid was(68.09 ± 1.16)％ and the inhibition rate of the Ku80 protein expression in the same group was (11.03 ± 2.45) ％.The results of Real-time PCR showed that the telomere length of the cell group with recombinant plasmid (1.07 ± 0.07) was significantly shorter than that of the control group (4.42 ± 1.30,F =38.58,P ＜ 0.05) and that of the empty plasmid group (4.11 ±0.84,F =38.58,P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control group,the telomere length of the empty plasmid group did not changed(4.42 ±0.84 vs.4.11 ±0.84).U2OS cells with Ku80 expression suppressed had lower SF2 than that of the control cells (F =1089.61,P ＜0.05),and resulted in the SER of 1.47.Conclusions The Ku80 inhibition cell model in telomerase-negative U2OS cell line is successfully established which has the shorter telomere length,and is more sensitive to radiation.Telomere shortening caused by pshRNA-of Ku80 is likely to be one of the mechanisms of radiosensitization in this kind of cell model.

Objective:To develop a biomimetic nanoparticle probe of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) coated with breast cancer cell membrane, to observe its ability to target homologous breast cancer cells in vitro, and to investigate its effect of enhanced photoacoustic imaging and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for breast cancer in vitro.Methods:The cell membrane of breast cancer 4T1 was extracted by chemical cleavage and repeated freezing and thawing. Then the HMME-coated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer biomimetic nanoparticle was prepared by double emulsification and extrusion. The basic characteristics of nanoparticles were detected. The target ability of nanoparticles to homologous breast cancer cells and the enhancement of photoacoustic imaging were observed in vitro. Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) was used to verify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of nanoparticles, and its SDT effect on breast cancer cells was evaluated by CCK8 cytotoxicity assay.Results:The size of the prepared CHP-NPs was uniform, the morphology was spherical "core-shell structure" , the particle size was (275.23±8.25)nm, and the surface potential was (-18.43±0.45)mV. It was observed that CHP-NPs could target homologous 4T1 cells under laser confocal microscopy. In vitro photoacoustic imaging experiments show that the photoacoustic signal of nanoparticles increases with the increase of its concentration. According to SOSG probe detection, CHP-NPs could produce ROS under ultrasonic irradiation.When CHP-NPs was incubated with 4T1 cells alone and no ultrasonic irradiation was used, the cell survival rate was not significantly affected. When the concentration was 0.6 mg/ml, the cell survival rate was still 95%. After ultrasonic irradiation, CCK8 experiment showed that the CHP-NPs had a significant SDT effect on breast cancer cells.Conclusions:The biomimetic nanomolecular probe of breast cancer cell membrane is successfully prepared. The probe has good ability to target homologous tumor, and can significantly enhance tumor photoacoustic imaging and SDT effect.

Objective To introduce the operation skills of tail vein injection in conscious rats , and improve the success rate of ingection .Methods The rat was fixed by the operator with a self-made binding clothes , one person assists to fix the rat tail, one person performs puncture , and one person performs injection .During the injection process , we should minimize the injury to the rat tail and the stress caused by operation , strictly limit the needle point , the number of puncture , the maximum dose and injection speed , and to make the needle position away from the injection site to avoid contamination and waste of the drug solution .Results The operation method was successfully established and it was fast , stable, with good repeatability and high degree of coordination .Conclusion This operation is rapid, reliable and stable, worthy of recommendation , especially for the intravenous injection of expensive drugs .

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 on ox-LDL induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC),and its influence on the expression of LOX-1.Methods HUVEC damage models were established by using ox-LDL and were treated with PD98059 later,divided into the negative control group,the ox-LDL group,the positive control group and the PD98059+ox-LDL group.The effect of inhibition of MEK1/2 on ox-LDL induced HUVEC damage was measured.Results Compared with the negative control group,the levels in the ox-LDL group of LOX-1,pMEK1/2,RhoA,ROCK1,ROCK2,TNF-α and IL-6 were increased significantly,the proliferations of HUVEC and the productions of NO were decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with the ox-LDL group,the levels in the positive control group and the PD98059+ox-LDL group of pMEK1/2,RhoA,ROCK1,ROCK2,TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased,the proliferation of HUVEC and the production of NO were increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion PD98059 inhibit the MEK1/2 signaling pathway to suppress the ox-LDL induced damage of HUVEC by decreasing the expression of LOX-1.