Objective? To investigate the therapeutic hypothermia related knowledge and training demands of neurosurgery nurses at a hospital. Methods? From January to April 2018, we selected 139 neurosurgery nurses at a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital by cluster sampling. All of the nurses were investigated with the self-designed therapeutic hypothermia knowledge questionnaire and therapeutic hypothermia knowledge demands questionnaire of nurses. Results? A total of 59.7% of nurses mastered therapeutic hypothermia related knowledge and 11.5% of them mastered the knowledge well. Three terms of therapeutic hypothermia related knowledge were with the highest accuracy rate including the necessity of calm assessment, need of sedation and analgesia as well as mechanical ventilation support at low temperature. Three terms of them were with the lowest accuracy rate including the duration of the cooling, duration of holding phase and recommended temperature of therapeutic hypothermia monitoring. Neurosurgery nurses were willing to learn therapeutic hypothermia related knowledge by various ways. Conclusions? Neurosurgery nurses' mastery of therapeutic hypothermia knowledge needs to be improved. Mastery of knowledge and demands should be taken into account in contents and ways of inservice training.