Objective To investigate the illness-related stigma in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and its effects on interaction anxiousness and general self-efficacy.Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB),41 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled.Hepatitis-related Stigma Questionnaire (HRSQ) produced by researchers was used to assess stigma in patients of both CHB and CHC.All patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated by Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS),General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Results Hepatitis-related stigma was common in both CHB and CHC.The most common positive items and their percentages of CHB and CHC were rejection in job seeking (81.2％,75.6％ ), keeping conditions about hepatitis secret (72.9％,75.6％ ),feeling discrimination in society (66.7％,56.1％ ) and rejection in mate selection (60.4％,61.0％ ),and the rarest ones and percentages were feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease (35.4％,31.7％ ) and being understood only by patients with the same disease (33.3％,26.8％ ).Differences of positive percentages of any items between CHB and CHC were not statistically significant (P ＞0.05 ).One-way ANOVA showed that difference of IAS scores among three groups of participants was not statistically significant ;and GSES score of CHB(2.41 ± 0.45 )was not statistically different from that of CHC (2.49 ±0.60 ),but they both were lower than that of healthy control (2.78 ± 0.52) (F=4.648,P =0.011 ).The multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the item feeling much different from others of HRSQ entered the formula of CHB IAS score (B =4.861,adjustment R2 =0.106),and the item being understood only by patients with the same disease of HRSQ entered the formula of CHC IAS score (B =6.745,adjustment R2 =0.113);negative coping dimension score of SCSQ ( B =- 0.424),the item feeling discrimination in society ( B =-0.359) and feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease ( B =-0.274) entered the formula of CHB GSES score (adjustment R2 =0.280).Conclusion Illness-related stigma is common in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis,which probably raises patients' interaction anxiousness and weakens the general selfefficacy of patients with hepatitis B and C.

Objective To study the condition of benzodiazepines use in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients and the relationship with the first benzodiazepine(BZD) prescription.Methods 70 outpatients with GAD were investigated retrospectively and divided into either research group( n = 54, M21, F33; age (18 ～73)year) or control group( n= 16,M7,F9; age( 18 ～53)year) based on whether the first prescription included BZD or not.Results The duration and dose of BZD used in research group ( separately (9.7 ± 4.4) months, ( 1.6 ± 0.7 ) mg/d) were significantly higher than those in control group ( separately(2.3 ± 2.4) months, (0.9 ± 0.9 ) mg/d) (P＜0.01).The long-term use of BZD was positively related to whether the first prescription include BZD or not,patients' insomnia on first visit,the duration of follow-up and the dose of BZD,which showed significantly difference (P＜ 0.05 ).The standardized rates of long-term use of BZD and dependence in research group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Prescribing BZD on the first visit is partly responsible for the long-term use of BZD and doctors should better be very careful of prescribing BZD on first visit.

Objective To investigate the association of duration of untreated psychosis(DUP) and the gray matter volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods 39 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups according to DUP:long-DUP group and short-DUP group.All the subjects underwent T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging.After transformed with MRIcro software,all the images underwent standardization,segmentation,modulation and smoothing with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 (SPM5) software.The gray matter volumes of the two groups underwent two-sample t-test with a Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)using SPM5 software.Results Long-DUP schizophrenic patients presented significantly reduced GM volume in the left thalamus(MNI:-6,-16,2;cluster=141 voxels)and the left temporal lobe(MNI:-46,-58,-6;cluster=69 Voxels),compared with short-DUP schizophrenic patients.Conclusion Delayed DUP may increase the loss of gray matter in schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the changes of the white matter integrity in paranoid schizophrenia.Methods Diffusion weighted images of the 19 patients' with paranoid schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls'whole brains were acquired with a single-shot echo planar imaging ( EPI ) sequence aligned to the straight axial plane. After preprocessed with DTI-studio and SPM5 software, the fractional anisotropy (FA) images of the two groups were compared by two-sample t-test with SPM5 software. Results Subjects of paranoid schizophrenia demonstrated reduced FA in the right thalamus white matter(x = 18 ,y = - 10,z = 14,cluster = 194, t= -3.27, P=0.000 ) and demonstrated increased FA in the right insula white matter ( x = 34, y = -10, z = 12, cluster = 113, t =4.50, P = 0.004 ). Conclusion Schizophrenia has conflicting changes of white matter integrity in some brain areas.

Objective This preliminary study aimed to investigate relevant factors of the metacognition of peri?menopausal women. Methods Total 66 perimenopausal women voluntarily participated in this study from October 2012 to July 2013. The Metacognitions Questionnaire 30-item version (MCQ-30) was used to assess metacognition from 5 di?mensions including cognitive confidence (F1), positive beliefs (F2), cognitive self-consciousness (F3), uncontrollability and danger (F4), and need to control thoughts (F5). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was utilized to measure the person?ality characteristics such as the extraversion/introversion (E), neuroticism/stability (N), psychoticism/socialization (P), and lie (L). Depression and its 4 symptom components including core, cognitive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms were deter?mined by Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The linear multiple stepwise regression were performed to analyze the relevant factors of each MCQ dimension. Results The education level (β’=-0.229, P=0.035), N score (β’=0.255, P=0.042), and L score (β’=-0.292, P=0.021) were related to F1. The education level (β’=-0.260, P=0.031) and N score (β’=0.248, P=0.039) were predictors of the dependent variable F2. The core depression symptom (β’=-0.251, P=0.037) and anxiety symptom (β’=-0.248, P=0.039) of SDS were negatively related to F3. Predictors of F4 were the body mass in?dex (β’=0.211, P=0.048) and L score (β’=0.511, P<0.0001). Only P score (β’=0.299, P=0.015) was related to F5. Con?clusion The metacognition level of perimenopausal women is affected by a variety of factors such as personality character?istics and education level, and low self-consciousness and lack of confidence to the cognitive process may be involved in the increased susceptibility to depression.

Objective: Effects of different elevations and illumination on the seven effective components of flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis were analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for selecting the best growing conditions. Methods The content of cutellarin, baicalin, wogonoside, apigenin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A were determined by HPLC method in 24 artificially planted samples. The correlation between different elevations, different lighting conditions (shady slope, sunny slope) and different components were analyzed by using variance analysis method. Results Compared with the same growth period, the amount of seven components in S. baicalensis was compared at elevation (550 ± 30) and (650 ± 30) m, and there was a significant difference between baicalins and wogonoside (P < 0.01). There have significant differences in the content of cutellarin, apigenin, baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A, and apigenin (P < 0.05); There was no significant difference in the amount of seven components in S. baicalensis under different illumination conditions (P > 0.05). Conclusion In the same growing age, the amount of flavonoids in S. baicalensis showed an obvious upward trend with the increase of altitude, and there were significant differences. There was no significant difference in the content of flavonoids in S. baicalensis, but the average sunny slope of various components of other flavonoids was higher than the shady slope except for wogonoside and baicalein. Therefore, it is advisable to choose the plain or sunny slope directly illuminated by sunlight in the artificial cultivation of S. baicalensis, and the high altitude is conducive to increasing the accumulation of total flavonoids in S. baicalensis.

Objective To investigate the factors associated with the success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) for singleton and non-cephalic presentation pregnancies in the third trimester.Methods A retrospective study of ECV among singleton and non-cephalic presentation pregnant women in 36-40 weeks of gestation at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2016 to June 2018 was analyzed.Results (1) Totally,251 cases of 358 pregnant women who underwent ECV were successful,with a total success rate of 70.1％ (251/358).The success rate of multipara was 79.1％ (129/163),while 62.6％ (122/195) in primipara (P＜0.01).The total vaginal delivery rate was 52.2％ (187/358),the vaginal delivery rate of multipara was 61.3％ (100/163),while 44.6％ (87/195) in primipara (P＜0.01).(2) Spontaneous reversion occurred in 7.6％(19/251) of ECV successful women,the rate of reversion of multipara was 10.9％ (14/129),higher than that of the primipara [4.1％ (5/122);P＜0.01].(3) Among the 232 pregnant women who did not reverted after successful ECV,187 cases of successful vaginal delivery,the vaginal delivery rate was 80.6％ (187/232);the vaginal delivery rate of the multipara was 87.0％(100/115),which was higher than that of the primipara [74.4％(87/117);P＜0.01].(4) The variables significantly associated with ECV success were parity,type of breech,whether fetal presentation was in pelvic or not (all P＜0.05).The complication rate was 2.2％ (8/358),among which the incidence of fetal distress,placental abruption and transient fetal heart abnormalities were 0.6％ (2/358),0.3％ (1/358) and 1.4％ (5/358) respectively.Conclusion By close monitoring,ECV is a safe and effective procedure in selected appropriate cases,and worthy of clinical application.

Objective To explore the relationship between DNA methyctransferace1(DNMT1)gene polymorphism and cognitive function in the first episode, drug-na?ve schizophrenia. Methods One hundred eighty-six first episode, drug-na?ve schizophrenia patients and 182 healthy controls were examined by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining to determine genotype and allele of DNMT1 gene. Cognitive function was assessed by using the standardized measurement tools—the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Chinese version. Comparisons were made on the cognitive function and the genotype and allele distribution of SNP rs2114724 and rs2228611 between schizophrenia group and the control group.The relationship between DNMT1 gene polymorphism and cognitive function was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference of the genotype T/T, T/C, C/C and allele T, C distribution of SNP rs2114724 between schizophrenia group and healthy controls group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference of the genotype G/G, G/A, A/A and allele G, A distribution of SNP rs2228611 between schizophrenia group and healthy control group (P>0.05). There was significant difference in Spatial Span Test (SST) scores(P<0.05)among three different genotype T/T,T/C and C/C of rs2114724 in schizophrenic group.The SST scores of the patients with C/C genotype were higher than that of the patients with T/T or T/C genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion DNMT1 gene polymorphisms is not associated with the first-episode, drug-na?ve schizophrenia, but may be associated with the work memory in cognitive function of schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population.

Objective:To investigate the allelopathic effects of water extracts from rhizosphere soil of three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica on seed germination and seedling growth of Polygala tenuifolia， screen the stubble varieties suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia， and provide some scientific basis for continuous cropping obstacles of P. tenuifolia. Method:The bioassay method was used to study the effects of rhizosphere soil water extracts from three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica at concentrations of 0.3，0.6，0.9 g·mL^-1 on the germination of P. tenuifolia seed and seedling growth. Result:The rhizosphere soil water extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa and Pinellia ternata showed basically low-promotion and high-inhibition concentration effects on the final germination rate，germination potential，and germination index of P. tenuifolia seeds，while the water extract of Isatis indigotica showed significant allelopathic inhibition effect. All three rhizosphere soil water extracts showed significant allelopathic inhibition effects on the growth index of P. tenuifolia seedlings. Among them，the rhizosphere soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa showed lower inhibitory effect on the plant height and root length of P. tenuifolia seedlings than the other two water extracts. The photosynthetic pigment content，proline（Pro） content，and soluble sugar content of P. tenuifolia chinensis seedlings were the highest under 0.3 g·mL^-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa， with relatively higher content of soluble protein， and relatively lower content of hydrogen oxide（H₂O₂）. Under the treatment of 0.9 g·mL^-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa，P. tenuifolia seedlings had the highest peroxidase（POD） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities，low catalase（CAT） activity，and lowest content of malondialdehyde（MDA）. Conclusion:Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above experimental data and allelopathic effects，the water extract of rhizosphere of Rehmannia glutinosa can promote the germination of P. tenuifolia seeds to a certain extent，and lay the foundation for seedling resistance to biochemical stress. Therefore， Rehmannia glutinosa is more suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia.