Objective To study the diagnostic value of flexible bronchoscope in location and causes of atelectasis.Methods Flexible bronchoscopy examination was carried out on seventy-nine cases of apneumatosis to observe lobar bronchus and segmental bronchus.Lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage were carried out.Results Thirty-two cases were lung cancer,covering 40.5%.Seven cases were pulmonary tuberculosis,covering 8.8%.Thirty-eight cases were inflammation,covering 48.1%.Two cases had foreign matter,covering 2.5%.Conclusions Flexible bronchoscopy is of important clinical value in the location,diagnosis and treatment of atelectasis.

Objective: To investigate the implementation of sex education and its influencing factors among preschool teachers in Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into promoting the development of sex education, physical and mental health for preschool children. Methods: In January 2022, preschool teachers were sampled in 24 kindergartens in Longmatan District, Naxi District and Hejiang County of Luzhou City using the stratified random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, implementation of sex education, as well as difficulties, support, and needs in implementing sex education among preschool teachers were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting practice of sex education by preschool teachers were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 461 preschool teachers were included, including 456 females (98.92%), and had a median age of 28.00 (interquartile range, 9.50) years. The proportions of preschool teachers with good and pass of knowledge about sex education for preschool children were 10.20% and 57.48%, respectively. The proportions of preschool teachers with positive and general attitudes towards sex education were 28.20% and 36.44%, respectively. A total of 343 preschool teachers had implemented sex education (74.40%). A lack of a relaxed social environment was the main difficulty in carrying out sex education for preschool children (76.14%), while support from parents of preschool children was the primary need for conducting sex education activities (75.27%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (>30 years, OR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.256-3.917), kindergarten type (public, OR=2.101, 95%CI: 1.253-3.524), attitude towards sex education (positive, OR=2.083, 95%CI: 1.036-4.187), participation in activities related to sex education (OR=6.355, 95%CI: 3.362-12.015), and communication with parents about sex education (OR=5.399, 95%CI: 3.152-9.248) were influencing factors for practice of sex education by preschool teachers. Conclusions The main difficulty in the practice of sex education for preschool children by preschool teachers in Luzhou City is a lack of a relaxed social environment, and there is a high demand for support from parents. Age, kindergarten type, attitude towards sex education, participation in activities related to sex education, and communication with parents about sex education are associated factors.

Objective This preliminary study aimed to investigate relevant factors of the metacognition of peri?menopausal women. Methods Total 66 perimenopausal women voluntarily participated in this study from October 2012 to July 2013. The Metacognitions Questionnaire 30-item version (MCQ-30) was used to assess metacognition from 5 di?mensions including cognitive confidence (F1), positive beliefs (F2), cognitive self-consciousness (F3), uncontrollability and danger (F4), and need to control thoughts (F5). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was utilized to measure the person?ality characteristics such as the extraversion/introversion (E), neuroticism/stability (N), psychoticism/socialization (P), and lie (L). Depression and its 4 symptom components including core, cognitive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms were deter?mined by Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The linear multiple stepwise regression were performed to analyze the relevant factors of each MCQ dimension. Results The education level (β’=-0.229, P=0.035), N score (β’=0.255, P=0.042), and L score (β’=-0.292, P=0.021) were related to F1. The education level (β’=-0.260, P=0.031) and N score (β’=0.248, P=0.039) were predictors of the dependent variable F2. The core depression symptom (β’=-0.251, P=0.037) and anxiety symptom (β’=-0.248, P=0.039) of SDS were negatively related to F3. Predictors of F4 were the body mass in?dex (β’=0.211, P=0.048) and L score (β’=0.511, P<0.0001). Only P score (β’=0.299, P=0.015) was related to F5. Con?clusion The metacognition level of perimenopausal women is affected by a variety of factors such as personality character?istics and education level, and low self-consciousness and lack of confidence to the cognitive process may be involved in the increased susceptibility to depression.

Objective To investigate the association of duration of untreated psychosis(DUP) and the gray matter volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods 39 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups according to DUP:long-DUP group and short-DUP group.All the subjects underwent T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging.After transformed with MRIcro software,all the images underwent standardization,segmentation,modulation and smoothing with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 (SPM5) software.The gray matter volumes of the two groups underwent two-sample t-test with a Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)using SPM5 software.Results Long-DUP schizophrenic patients presented significantly reduced GM volume in the left thalamus(MNI:-6,-16,2;cluster=141 voxels)and the left temporal lobe(MNI:-46,-58,-6;cluster=69 Voxels),compared with short-DUP schizophrenic patients.Conclusion Delayed DUP may increase the loss of gray matter in schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the changes of the white matter integrity in paranoid schizophrenia.Methods Diffusion weighted images of the 19 patients' with paranoid schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls'whole brains were acquired with a single-shot echo planar imaging ( EPI ) sequence aligned to the straight axial plane. After preprocessed with DTI-studio and SPM5 software, the fractional anisotropy (FA) images of the two groups were compared by two-sample t-test with SPM5 software. Results Subjects of paranoid schizophrenia demonstrated reduced FA in the right thalamus white matter(x = 18 ,y = - 10,z = 14,cluster = 194, t= -3.27, P=0.000 ) and demonstrated increased FA in the right insula white matter ( x = 34, y = -10, z = 12, cluster = 113, t =4.50, P = 0.004 ). Conclusion Schizophrenia has conflicting changes of white matter integrity in some brain areas.

Objective To study the change of immune factor in COPD rats after intravenous injection of regulatory T cells.Methods Twenty-one SPF rats was divided into three groups at random,rat COPD model was built by smoking.We used magnetic bead isolation technic to separate CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.Regulatory T cells were cultured and injected into rats though rats' caudal vein according to different dose,5 × 104/mL,5 × 105/mL,5 × 106/mL respectively.Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell factors.ELISA was used to analyze IL-6 and CRP.Restlts Adding JJ316 or IL-2 into medium benefited the proliferation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.On the 20 th day,regulatory T cells CD4+CD25+ proliferation stopped by adding JJ316 or IL-2 respectively.Regulatory T cells were cultured and injected into rats though rat caudal vein according to different dose.The levels of CRP and IL-6 were decreased when rats were injected by CD4+CD25+regulatory T cell after one week.Conclusions Injection of regulatory T cells is helpful to control inflammation progression of COPD,so the increase of regulatory T cells of patients with COPD may decrease inflammation progression of COPD.

Objective: To clone an F-box protein namely S phase kinase-associated protein gene DoSKP2A with full length cDNA, in a rare endangered medicinal orchid species Dendrobium officinale, followed by bioinformatics analysis and expression pattern analysis. Methods: RACE technology were used for gene identification. Characteristics of physiochemical properties, conserved domains and subcellular localization of the protein were determined using a series of bioinformatics tools. The analyses of multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree were performed using DNASTAR 7.0 and MEGA 7.0, respectively. Real time quantitative PCR was used for gene expression analysis. Results: DoSKP2A gene was cloned (GenBank accession KU160472). The full length cDNA of DoSKP2A was 1 507 bp in length, and ORF was 1 101 bp, encoding a 366-aa protein with a molecular weight of 39 590 and an isoelectric point of 7.9. The deduced DoSKP2A protein, without transmembrane or signal peptide residues, contained an F-box core domain (26-88), a leucine-rich repeat (202-226), and multiple conserved motifs. DoSKP2A had high identities (64.6%-72.4%) with SKP2As proteins from various plants. DoSKP2A belonged to the monocotyledons subgroup of the SKP2As evolutionary tree. DoSKP2A gene was differentially expressed in the three included organs. The transcripts were more abundant in the roots, with 6.16 fold, then the stems and the lowest in the leaves. Conclusion: The novel full-length F-box protein gene DoSKP2A was obtained, along with bioinformatics and expression characteristics, which provided molecular basis for the growth and development, signal transduction, and stress resistance of D. officinale.

Objective To analyze the content and variation rules of 10 constituents in radix, rhizome, and leaf of Rheum officinale at one-, two-, and three-year-old stage, respectively, and provide theoretical guidance for efficient production and quality control of the crud drug. Methods The content of each constituent in R. officinale was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and one factor analysis of variance and multiple comparison were performed by SPSS 24.0. Results HPLC system was established for the determination of 10 components in R. officinale. The linear range was good (r2 > 0.997), RSD of precision, stability, and repeatability were less than 2%, and the recoveries were 96.10%—107.10%, respectively. The content analyses showed that, in the same part, the content of gallic acid decreased significantly year by year or at the 2nd growth years (P < 0.05); The contents of rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin monomethyl ether, emodin-8-O-glucoside, and sensenoside B increased significantly year by year or at the 3rd growth year (P < 0.05); The contents of aloe-emodin and chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside were in the order of 1 > 3 > 2 (P < 0.05), 3 > 1 > 2 (P < 0.05) in radix, and increased significantly year by year or at the 3rd growth year (P < 0.05) in rhizome and leaf. Catechins concentration enhanced by year in radix and rhizome, and decreased in leaf (P < 0.05). During the same growth year, except emodin methyl ether and chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, the accumulations of other eight components in radix or rhizome displayed significantly higher than those in leaf (P < 0.05). The contents of rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin-8-O-glucoside, gallic acid, and catechin in radix were higher than those in rhizome (P < 0.05), or similar to those in rhizome (P < 0.05). Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside accumulated higher in rhizome than that in radix for the two years old plants (P < 0.05). The content of sennoside B in radix, rhizome, and leaf successively decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the content of aloe-emodin was in the order of rhizome > radix > leaf (P < 0.05). Conclusion The HPLC based determination of 10 constituents in R. officinale showed that the accumulation profiles of the samples at different years or from different parts varied. For the same parts, the contents of most constituents increased year by year. During the same growth year, the contents of most constituents in radix or rhizome were higher than those in leaf. The radix and rhizome of the three years old samples had the highest contents of main constituents.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize a protein phosphatase (PP) encoding gene DoPP2C2 in a rare endangered medicinal orchid species Dendrobium officinale, followed by bioinformatics analysis and expression profiling. METHODSE: RACE and RT-PCR were used to isolate the full length cDNA of DoPP2C2. The physiochemical properties, conserved domains and subcellular localization of the deduced DoPP2C2 protein were determined using a series of bioinformatics tools. The analyses of multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree were performed using DNASTAR 7.0 and MEGA 6.0 softwares, respectively. Quantitative PCR was used for gene expression analysis. RESULTS: The full length cDNA of DoPP2C2 (GenBank accession KT957553) was 1 624 bp in length, and encoded a 387-aa protein with a molecular weight of 42.76×103 and an isoelectric point of 7.03. The deduced DoPP2C2 protein sequence had two PP2C domains (91-152, 216-376), which are all conserved among the PP2Cs. The protein without a signal peptide or a transmembrane region, was predicted to locate in nucleus with hydropathicity. DoPP2C2 had high identities (47.8%-73.4%) with various PP2C proteins from several plants. DoPP2C2 protein belonged to the subgroup A of Arabidopsis and rice PP2C evolutionary tree, and was closely related to OsPP2C30; DoPP2C2 was differentially expressed in the three included organs. The transcripts were less in the roots and stems, being 0.76 and 0.59 folds, respectively, of that in the leaves. CONCLUSION: The molecular characteristics of a subgroup protein phosphatase encoding gene DoPP2C2 of the full length cDNA in D. officinale was obtained. The results will be useful for further functional determination of the gene involving in the growth and development of D. officinale.

Nucleocytoplasmic transport is the basic cellular activity of eukaryotic cells, which plays a role in cell physiological and pathological processes. A large amount of evidences indicate that impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking has emerged as a mechanism contributing to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport is crucial to elucidate the pathogenesis and intervention in the neurodegenerative diseases. This article summarizes the evidences in disturbed nucleocytoplasmic transport of neurodegenerative diseases in the past two decades, further explores the directions and provides a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis and drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases.