Objective To Evaluate the status of health emergency situation of disease prevention and con-trol,and to provide the basis for scientific decision -making.Methods Using the method of cross -section investiga-tion,the present situation of public health emergency in 14 public health organizations in Xi'an was investigated,the data were analyzed by Spss18.0 and Microsoft Excel 2003.Results The emergency response system was constructed basically in Xi′an.The status of health emergency control situation was not optimistic,up to standard rate of emergency equipments was low.The emergency disposal system of public health emergencies was only 14.29% in perfect.Emer-gency team received professional training accounted for 55.63%.100% of the investigation agency made the depart-ment plans according to the higher plan,but only 64.29% of the agency can do the plan for a regular exercise and maintenance.88.32% of the team members received professional training to deal with the sudden departure time from receiving an average of 0.88 hours.28.57% counties agency had no pathogenic detection equipment,14.29% county agency waswithout physical and chemical testing equipment,and 7.14% county agency had no universal equipment.The training of epidemiology,inspection and emergency management were trained on average 1.38times a year,1.2 times and 0.63 times respectively.Conclusion The emergency disposal system of the disease control institution in Xi'an has been preliminarily formed,but in the personnel configuration and other aspects exist many deficiencies.Ef-fective measures should be adopted to strengthen construction of health emergency situation.

Objective To explore the levels of autoimmune antibodies and endocrine hormones in patients with endometriosis complicated with infertiilty.Methods 158 endometriosis and infertility patients were selected as study subjects,and they were divided into endometriosis complicated with infertility group(A group,52 cases),endometriosis group(B group,50 cases) and infertility group(C group,56 cases) according to the type of disease.At the same time,93 healthy women were selected as control group.The autoimmune antibodies such as anti-endometrial antibody(EMAb),anti-chorionic gonadotropin antibody(HCGAb),anti-sperm antibody(ASAb),anti-cardiolipin antibody(ACAb) and anti-ovarian antibody(AOAb),endocrine hormones such as luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),prolactin(PRL),estradiol(E2),insulin(INS) and testosterone(T) were compared in four groups.Results There was no significant difference in the total antibody positive rate between B group and C group (χ2=2.161,P＞0.05).The total antibody positive rate of A group was significantly higher than that of B,C group and the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=6.316,P＜0.05).The PRL and INS levels of A group were much higher than those of B,C group and the control group,the differences were statistically significant(F=15.625,10.431,all P＜0.05).The E2,INS and PRL levels of B group were much higher than those of C group and the control group(F=10.363,9.515,9.037,all P＜0.05).The E2,T,INS and PRL levels of A group were much higher than those of B and C group,the differences were statistically significant (F=5.029,6.225,6.631,7.106,all P＜0.05).The LH and FSH levels of the four groups had no significant differences(F=2.385,2.531,all P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in all of the endocrine hormones between C group and the control group(t=1.535,0.931,0.825,1.363,1.005,1.259,all P＞0.05).Conclusion The main factors that cause endometriosis patients complicated with infertility may be due to a endometriosis immune imbalance of T,E2 and PRL and endocrine abnormalities,through the analysis of the levels of autoimmune antibodies and endocrine hormones can provide a reliable basis for clinical.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and tendency of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,and to grasp the epidemic regularity and predict the trend of HFRS for establishing effective prevention and control measures.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of HFRS in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014.The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to analyze,fit and predict the epidemic data of 2015.Results There were 8 500 HFRS patients in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,the incidence rate was 10.60/100 000.The morbidity increased at first and then decreased from 2005 to 2014;the incidence rate was 9.06/100 000 in 2005 and up to 19.46/100 000 in 2010,then down to 3.43/100 000 in 2014.More cases were reported in spring (15.85％,1 347/8 500) and autumn-winter seasons (72.91％,6 197/8 500).The high-risk age group of HFRS was between 15 to 59 years,accounting for 77.71％ (6 605/8 500) of the overall incidence rate;there were no significant differences in ＜ 15 years,15 to 59 years and ＞ 59 years groups (x2 =15.63,P ＞ 0.05).The male to female ratio was 3.01 ∶ 1.00,male incidence was 15.57/100 000 and female incidence rate was 5.41/100 000,and the difference was statistically significant between gender (x2 =1 948.84,P ＜ 0.05).The main occupation was farmers,accounting for 66.04％ (5 613/8 500) of the overall incidence rate.The top 4 districts were Chang'an,Zhouzhi,Huxian and Lintong;the incidence rate was 31.07/100 000,22.74/100 000,21.09/100 000 and 11.06/100 000,respectively,and the 10 years cumulative incidence rate was higher than the total incidence.The monthly incidence was predicted with ARIMA (1,1,0) × (0,1,1)12 models in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,and the predicted number of cases was 235 in 2015 (lower than 2014).Conclusions The overall trend of the epidemic has continued to fall but slowly.Positive and effective comprehensive measures should be taken to maintain the incidence of hemorrhagic fever at a lower level.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of daily living activity training on the self-care ability of children with cerebral palsy.Methods Sixty children with cerebral palsy were equally divided into control group and observation group. The former group were managed with rehabilitative therapy and the latter were given ADL training consecutively for 6 months apart from rehabilitative therapy.The two groups were compared in terms of score on ADL after 6 months treatment.Results There was no difference in the score on activities of daily living between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05),but the score after treatment in the obsertation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion The ADL training is effective for improving the self-care ability of children with cerebral palsy and promoting the rehabilitation of children.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and high-risk factors of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI),so as to guide the prevention and treatment of this condition.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted with the data of 141 VLBWI collected from January 2013 to October 2014 in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.These VLBWI were of gestational age ≤ 34 weeks and received parenteral nutrition (PN) for ＞ 14 days in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.According to the existence of PNAC,they were divided into PNAC group (n =32) and non-PNAC group (n =109) and analyzed in terms of clinical features.Results Between the non-PNAC and the PNAC groups,univariate analysis showed significant differences in gestational age [(30.84 ± 1.55) weeks vs.(29.68 ±2.04) weeks,t=2.952,P=0.005],birth weight [(1 267.92±160.39) gvs.(1 050.63 ±229.74) g,t=6.064,P=0.000],hospital stay [(43.26 ±14.43) d vs.(66.47 ±22.25) d,t =-6.622,P=0.000],fasting time [(6.30±5.23) d vs.(11.94±7.92) d,t＝-4.723,P=0.000],PN duration [(32.40 ± 13.72) d vs.(57.59 ± 27.65) d,t =-7.039,P =0.000],the maximum daily dosage of amino acid [(3.61 ±0.27) g/ (kg·d) vs.(3.78±0.35) g/ (kg·d),t=-3.012,P=0.003];concurrent infection (56.88％ vs.87.50％,x2 =10.046,P =0.002),pneumonia (32.11％ vs.68.75％,x2 =13.790,P =0.000),necrotizing enterocolitis (0.92％ vs.9.38％,x2 =6.420,P =0.037),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (55.05％ vs.78.13％,x2 =5.503,P =0.019),bronchopulmonary dysplasia (19.27％ vs.46.88％,x2 =9.918,P=0.002),congenital heart disease (4.59％ vs.21.88％,x2 =7.405,P =0.007);application of pulmonary surfactant (33.94％ vs.59.38％,x2 =6.682,P =0.010),continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (60.55％ vs.87.50％,x2 =8.085,P =0.004),mechanical ventilation (22.94％ vs.43.75％,x2 =5.356,P =0.021) and peripherally inserted central catheter (44.04％ vs.81.25％,x2 =13.737,P =0.000).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that PN duration was an independent high-risk factor of PNAC (B =0.069,OR =1.071,95％ CI =1.039-1.104,P =0.000).Conclusions Many factors are associated with PNAC,in which PN duration is an independent high-risk factor.Early enteral nutrition and shortened duration of PN may be protective measures for PNAC.

Objective To describe the vaccine inoculation rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the movement characteristics of rural population in the Xi'an epidemic area.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.The study covered all the four HFRS traditional high incidence areas (counties):Zhouzhi,Huxian,Chang'an and Lintong.Three villages were selected in each county and 20 households were selected in each village in 2013.Participants included all the persons of these families.People 16-60 years old were interviewed face to face about their sociodemographic and environmental information,and at the same time related HFRS vaccine history and characters of migrant workers were collected.Results Nine hundred and ninety-six persons were investigated,69.3 percent (690/996) were vaccinate-age population.Of all,49.0 percent (338/690) had HFRS vaccine history and 53.9 percent (372/690) had worked away from home most of the year.The inoculation proportion of workers which worked in their own counties (56.8％,67/118) were higher than that of workers worked outside (37.0％,60/162;39.1％,36/92,x2 =10.74,6.44,all P ＜ 0.017).In the workers that went back home every week,60.3 percent (76/126) had vaccinated.Workers that went back home once a year had the lowest proportion of inoculation (16.7％,7/42).The morbidity of HFRS decreased significantly accompany with ascend of inoculation rate (Y =-0.524X + 38.319,t =-4.581,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After the free vaccinations,there is still a gap between the vaccine inoculation rate and prevention benefit.The current vaccination strategies need to be adjusted.

Objective To investigate the correlation between procalcitonin (PCT) and infarct related artery (IRA) spontaneous recanalization (SR) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and to investigate the value of PCT in predicting SR. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. A total of 263 STEMI patients who received emergency coronary angiography from January 2013 to April 2016 in cardiology department of Gansu Provincial Hospital were retrospectively included. Depending on the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial (TIMI) grade, the patients were divided into two groups, SR group (TIMI 2-3 grade) and non-SR group (NSR group, TIMI 0-1 grade). The baseline characteristics, serum PCT, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and biochemical makers before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were compared. According to the value of PCT, the patients were divided into four quartile groups. SR rate of every groups were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictor of SR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the diagnostic value of PCT for SR. Results In 263 STEMI patients, SR occurred in 77 patients and SR rate was 29.3%. There were no statistical differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), past medical history and IRA between the two groups, indicating that the baseline characteristics were matched. Compared with NSR group, utilization rate of the statins were significantly higher (35.1% vs. 22.6%, P < 0.05), the value of PCT, hs-CRP, uric acid (UA) in SR group were significantly lower [PCT (μg/L): 0.059±0.036 vs. 0.103±0.048, hs-CRP (mg/L): 3.07±4.13 vs. 5.93±7.80, UA (mmol/L): 321.4±77.4 vs. 354.2±114.1, all P < 0.05]. The quartile value of PCT were < 0.058, 0.058-0.078, 0.079-0.110, > 0.110 μg/L. SR rate were 48.5% (32/66), 29.9% (20/67), 26.9% (18/67) and 11.1% (7/63), respectively. SR rate of Quartile 1 was significantly higher than the other three groups (all P < 0.05). It was shown by multiple logistic regression analysis that PCT [odds ratio (OR) = 0.432, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.108-0.863, P = 0.016], hs-CRP (OR = 0.708, 95%CI = 0.516-0.905, P = 0.037) were independent predictors for SR. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PCT for predicting SR was greater than that of hs-CRP [0.784 (95%CI = 0.721-0.847) vs. 0.686 (95%CI = 0.619-0.753), P < 0.05]. When the cut-off value of PCT was 0.067 μg/L, the sensitivity was 81.6%, and the specificity was 66.7%. Conclusion PCT was independent predictor of SR, which has a power value in predicting IRA recanalization in patients with STEMI.

Objective To study the risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in children and adolescents in Xi'an City.Methods HFRS laboratory confirmed cases aged under 16 from January 2013-December 2015 were selected,which were reported by Information System of Disease Prevention and Control of the People's Republic of China.A 1:1 matched case-control study was adopted to retrospective investigate the risk factors.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relationships between various factors and HFRS in single factor analysis,the influence factors in the single factor analysis with statistical significances were further analyzed in the multiple factors analysis.Results Eighty-eight matched pairs were investigated.Single factor Logistic regression analysis found that non-nuclear family [odds ratio (OR) =20.25,95％ confidence interval (CI):2.32-76.80],less hand washing frequency before meals (OR =3.67,95％CI:1.40-9.62),the river or pond around the place (OR =1.55,95％CI:1.32-2.94),sit on the hay and play (OR =1.36,95％CI:1.17-1.80),eating in the snack bar (OR =8.33,95％CI:1.78-9.47),do not spray water when sweeping the floor (OR =2.22,95％CI:1.24-4.12),living in the edge of village (OR =1.55,95％CI:1.32-2.94),and keeping pets in the home (OR =12.00,95％CI:1.12-28.84) were associated with HFRS.In multiple factors Logistic regression analysis,risk factors according to the contribution value from high to low in the order were keeping pets in the home (OR =5.40,95％CI:1.78-16.32),less hand washing frequency before meals (OR =3.96,95％CI:1.89-7.23),living in the edge of village (OR =2.42,95％CI:1.82-5.50),and the river or pond around the place (OR =2.21,95％CI:1.86-2.49).Conclusion Risk factors as keeping pets in the home,less hand washing frequency before meals,living in the edge of village,the river or pond around the place are likely risk factors of HFRS.

Objective To compare the effect of octreotide combined with omeprazole and omeprazole alone in the treament of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods Clinical data of 101 patients with gastrointesinal bleeding were retrospectively analyzed.According to the treatment,the patients were divided into the observation group(56 cases) and control group(45 cases).The patients in observation group were given octreotide and omeprazole,and patients in control group were given omeprazol alone.Then the results of the two groups were analyzed.Results The total effective rate of observation group was 91.07％,and was higher than that of the control group(73.33％) (x2 =5.61,P ＜0.05) ;The average hemostasis time of observation group was (15.9 ±3.9)h,and was shorter than that of the control group [(23.5 ± 4.7) h] (t =1.937,P ＜ 0.05) ; The hemoglobin level of the observation group was (116.7 ± 12.4) g/h after 72 hours treatment,and was higher than that of the control group [(91.5 ± 17.3) g/h] (t =2.013,P ＜ 0.05) ;The pH of observation group was higher than that of control group after 12h,24h,48h and 72h treatment(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Octreotide combined with omeprazole is effective for upper gastrointesinal bleeding,and it can shorten the bleeding time and improve the cure rate.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential neurotoxicity of nano-alu mina (<50 n m)in vivo, we treated the ICR mouse with the nano-alu mina to investigate the mitochondrial da mage of nerve cells on morphology and function.METHODS Adult male mice were exposed to nano-alu mina (<50 n m)of 0,25,50 and 75 mg·kg -1 by nasal instillation for 1 month.Then we observed the mitochondrial ultra-structure of the nerve cells in CA3 region of hippoca mpus,and measured the mean dia meter in every group.The activities of Na +-K +-ATPase and Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase were tested by the determination of the inorganic phosphorus,which was the deco mposition product of ATPase.Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of COX-Ⅳ,Beclin1 ,LC3Ιand LC3Ⅱ.RESULTS Co mpared with 0 and 25 mg·kg -1 groups exposed to Al2 O3 nanopartilces (Al2 O3 NPs),the mitochondria of CA3 region in hip-poca mpus in 50 mg·kg -1 group beca me ede matous and swollen with sparse and broken cristae sur-rounding the nuclear,and the mean dia meter was higher(0.49 ±0.02 μm,P <0.05).But co mpared with 50 mg·kg -1 group,the mitochondria in 75 mg·kg -1 group beca me s maller with inner cristae of high density,and the mean dia meter was lower(0.36 ±0.02 μm,P<0.05).The enzy me activity of the mito-chondria in cerebral cortex decreased dose-dependently with exposure,the activities of Na +-K +-ATPase in 50 and 75 mg·kg -1 groups(6.37 ±0.22 kU·g -1 protein,5.48 ±1 .53 kU·g -1 protein)and Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase in 50 and 75 mg·kg -1 groups (3.21 ±0.99 kU·g -1 protein,3.28 ±0.15 kU·g -1 protein)were lower than the 0 mg·kg -1 group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase in 50 and 75 mg·kg -1 groups showed lower activities in co mparison with the 25 mg·kg -1 group.The 75 mg·kg -1 group expressed higher level of the COX-Ⅳ protein 1 .35 ±0.66(P<0.05)than other groups.Both expression of Beclin1 protein and rate of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰin 75 mg·kg -1 group were more than the 0 mg·kg -1 group. CONCLUSION The mitochondrial dysfunction may be the potential neurotoxicity of nano-alu mina,and the da maged mitochondria were cleared by autophagy.