Objective To describe the vaccine inoculation rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the movement characteristics of rural population in the Xi'an epidemic area.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.The study covered all the four HFRS traditional high incidence areas (counties):Zhouzhi,Huxian,Chang'an and Lintong.Three villages were selected in each county and 20 households were selected in each village in 2013.Participants included all the persons of these families.People 16-60 years old were interviewed face to face about their sociodemographic and environmental information,and at the same time related HFRS vaccine history and characters of migrant workers were collected.Results Nine hundred and ninety-six persons were investigated,69.3 percent (690/996) were vaccinate-age population.Of all,49.0 percent (338/690) had HFRS vaccine history and 53.9 percent (372/690) had worked away from home most of the year.The inoculation proportion of workers which worked in their own counties (56.8％,67/118) were higher than that of workers worked outside (37.0％,60/162;39.1％,36/92,x2 =10.74,6.44,all P ＜ 0.017).In the workers that went back home every week,60.3 percent (76/126) had vaccinated.Workers that went back home once a year had the lowest proportion of inoculation (16.7％,7/42).The morbidity of HFRS decreased significantly accompany with ascend of inoculation rate (Y =-0.524X + 38.319,t =-4.581,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After the free vaccinations,there is still a gap between the vaccine inoculation rate and prevention benefit.The current vaccination strategies need to be adjusted.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and high-risk factors of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI),so as to guide the prevention and treatment of this condition.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted with the data of 141 VLBWI collected from January 2013 to October 2014 in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.These VLBWI were of gestational age ≤ 34 weeks and received parenteral nutrition (PN) for ＞ 14 days in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.According to the existence of PNAC,they were divided into PNAC group (n =32) and non-PNAC group (n =109) and analyzed in terms of clinical features.Results Between the non-PNAC and the PNAC groups,univariate analysis showed significant differences in gestational age [(30.84 ± 1.55) weeks vs.(29.68 ±2.04) weeks,t=2.952,P=0.005],birth weight [(1 267.92±160.39) gvs.(1 050.63 ±229.74) g,t=6.064,P=0.000],hospital stay [(43.26 ±14.43) d vs.(66.47 ±22.25) d,t =-6.622,P=0.000],fasting time [(6.30±5.23) d vs.(11.94±7.92) d,t＝-4.723,P=0.000],PN duration [(32.40 ± 13.72) d vs.(57.59 ± 27.65) d,t =-7.039,P =0.000],the maximum daily dosage of amino acid [(3.61 ±0.27) g/ (kg·d) vs.(3.78±0.35) g/ (kg·d),t=-3.012,P=0.003];concurrent infection (56.88％ vs.87.50％,x2 =10.046,P =0.002),pneumonia (32.11％ vs.68.75％,x2 =13.790,P =0.000),necrotizing enterocolitis (0.92％ vs.9.38％,x2 =6.420,P =0.037),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (55.05％ vs.78.13％,x2 =5.503,P =0.019),bronchopulmonary dysplasia (19.27％ vs.46.88％,x2 =9.918,P=0.002),congenital heart disease (4.59％ vs.21.88％,x2 =7.405,P =0.007);application of pulmonary surfactant (33.94％ vs.59.38％,x2 =6.682,P =0.010),continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (60.55％ vs.87.50％,x2 =8.085,P =0.004),mechanical ventilation (22.94％ vs.43.75％,x2 =5.356,P =0.021) and peripherally inserted central catheter (44.04％ vs.81.25％,x2 =13.737,P =0.000).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that PN duration was an independent high-risk factor of PNAC (B =0.069,OR =1.071,95％ CI =1.039-1.104,P =0.000).Conclusions Many factors are associated with PNAC,in which PN duration is an independent high-risk factor.Early enteral nutrition and shortened duration of PN may be protective measures for PNAC.

Objective To study the precaution and nursing for the acute complication after traumatic cervical spine cord injury. Methods 56 patients with acute traumatic cervical spine cord injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the complication had been cured and none died because of the complication. Conclusion It is important to do something to relieve or prevent the complication as soon as possible.

Objective: To investigate the influence of aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) solution on the embryon-ic development of zebrafish and neurobehavior of juvenile fish. Methods: The embryos of zebrafishat 6 hours after fertilization were exposed to AlCl₃ solution at a concentration of 0, 55.0, 60.5, 66.6, 73.5, 80.5, or 100.0 mg/L, and embryonic hatching rates at 48 and 72 hours after fertilization were calculated. The embryos of zebrafishat 6 hours after fertilization were exposed to AlCl₃ solution at a concentration of 0, 60.0, 72.0, 86.4, 103.7, or 124.4 mg/L, and the embryonic mortality rates at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after fertilization were calculat-ed. The embryos of zebrafish at 6 hours after fertilization were exposed to AlCl₃ solution at a concentration of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 μg/L, and the changes in the neurobehavior of juvenile fish were observed after hatching, including touch-escape reaction at 72 hours after fertilization and autonomic movement and panic es-cape reflex at 7 days after fertilization. Results: Compared with the 0 mg/L group, the≥66.6 mg/L group had a sig-nificant reduction in embryonic hatching rate at 48 and 72 hours after fertilization, and the ≥72.0 mg/L group had a significant increase in embryonic mortality rate at 96 hours after fertilization (P<0.05) . Compared with the 0 μg/L group, the≥100 μg/L group had a significant reduction in the number of times of touch-escape reaction (P<0.05) .Compared with the 0 and 50 μg/L groups, the 100-800 μg/L groups had significant reductions in total movement distance and average speed (P<0.05) . Compared with the dark period before illumination, all groups had a significant increase in movement speed during the light period of the panic escape reflex test (i.e., the third minute) (P<0.05) ; within 2 minutes after the light was turned off, there was no significant change in movement speed in the 0-200 μg/L groups (P>0.05) ; the 400 and 800 μg/L groups had a significant increase in movement speed (P<0.05) . Conclusion AlCl₃ exposure may cause embryonic developmental disorder in zebrafish and ab-normal neurobehavior in juvenile fish.

Objective To understand HIV incidence in community residents and epidemiological characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases in Dali,Yunnan province.Methods A cohort study was conducted among 146720 community residents who were tested to be HIV negative during 2010-2011,they were followed-up from June 1,2014 to May 31,2015.Results A total of 136356 community residents received follow up (92.9％).The follow-up time was 0.23-5.40 years (medium:3.43 years),cumulatively 459675 person years,and 78 people were found to be HIV positive.The incidence rate of HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years.The incidence rate was 0.037/1000 person years in age group 15-29 years,0.288/1000 person years in age group 30-44 years,0.210/1000 person years in age group 45-59 years,0.204/1000 person years in age ≥60 years;0.213/1 000 person years in males,0.130/1000 person years in females;0.248/1000 person years inHan ethnic group,0.149/1000 person years in Minorities;0.194/1000 in people with education level ≤junior middle school,0.046/1000 person years in people with education level ＞ junior middle school;0.070/1000 person years in the unmarried,0.194/1000 person years in the married and 0.425/1000person years in the divorced/widowed.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that being male (HR=l.731),aged 30-44 years (HR=13.158),aged 45-59 years (HR=10.329),aged ≥60years (HR=8.291),unmarried (HR=3.162) and divorced/widowed (HR=2.689) were the risk factors for HIV infection,while the education level ＞ junior middle school (HR=0.132) was the protective factor for HIV infection.Conclusions By medium 3.43 years follow up,the cohort study showed that incidence rate HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years in the community residents in Dali.Male,middle aged and old people,people with low education level,the unmarried and the divorced/widowed had relatively higher risk to be infected with HIV,Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of AIDS in these populations.

Objective To assess the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in the staging,interim therapeutic and prognostic evaluation of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods Thirty-six MALT lymphoma patients (20 males,16 females;average age:61.7 years) confirmed by pathology from January 2008 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.18F-FDG PET/CT were performed before chemotherapy and radiotherapy for staging.The detective sensitivity was evaluated.The staging results of gastric MALT lymphoma and extragastric MALT lymphoma by PET/CT were compared with Fisher exact probability method.PET/CT was performed in 17 of 36 patients after 4 courses of chemotherapy,and 17 patients were divided into positive group (≥≥4) and negative group (＜4) according to scores of Deauville 5-point scale.The progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results FDG-positive lesions were found in 31 of 36 patients with the sensitivity of 86.1％ (31/36).The results of PET/CT were negative in stage Ⅰ patients.In stage]Ⅱ-Ⅳ patients,the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with bone marrow biopsy were in accordance with the results of clinical staging.The accuracy of PET/CT in staging of gastric MALT lymphoma patients was 9/17,which was significantly lower than that of extragastric MALT lymphoma patients (17/19;P=0.025).The PFS of negative group evaluated by interim PET/CT was longer than that of positive group (x2 =4.16,P＜0.05).The 2-year PFS rates of the 2 groups were (85.7± 13.2)％ and (27.8 ±21.3)％,respectively.The PFS of patients with low expression of Ki-67 was significantly longer than that of patients with high Ki-67 expression (x2=4.22,P＜0.05).Conclusions In stage]Ⅱ-Ⅳ MALT patients,18F-FDG PET/CT combined with bone marrow biopsy can improve the staging accuracy.The staging accuracy of PET/CT in extragastric MALT lymphoma is significantly higher than that of gastric MALT lymphoma.PET/CT and Ki-67 can provide effective information on the prognostic evaluation for patients with MALT lymphoma.

Objective:To evaluate the advantages of PET automatic drug infusion system in nuclear medicine nursing by comparing radiation dose and precision injection between artificial injection and automatic injection.Methods:From August 2021 to September 2021, 40 patients (27 males, 13 females, average age: 59.6 years) were divided into two groups (20 patients in each group) for the injection of 18F-FDG by artificial injection and automatic injection in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Portable radiation detector was used to measure the peak values of dose-equivalent rate in the arm and trunk of the nurse during the administration. The duration of administration process was recorded and the annual radiation doses were estimated and compared between the two injection methods. Independent-sample t test was used to compare the differences of injection parameters between two methods. Results:Based on 5 000 patients injected annually by artificial injection, the estimated annual radiation doses were about 220.19 mSv in the arm and 2.09 mSv in the trunk, while the radiation doses were approximately 0.19 and 0.08 mSv by automatic administration, respectively. Compared with the artificial injection, the automatic drug infusion system could reduce by 99% and 95% of equivalent doses in the arm and trunk, respectively. The significant difference was found in the empty needle activity between artificial injection and automatic drug infusion system ((18.87±7.77) and (0.22±0.19) MBq; t=10.65, P<0.001), while there were no statistical differences in full needle activity, injection activity and injection/prescription activity ratio ( t values: from -0.03 to 1.37, all P>0.05). Conclusion:PET automatic drug infusion system provides better radiation protection for nuclear medicine nursing.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of PET automatic drug infusion system combined with power peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for 18F-FDG injection and PET/CT imaging. Methods:Fifty patients with malignant neoplasms who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between December 2021 to July 2022 were prospectively enrolled. They were equally divided into power PICC group and peripheral venipuncture group. PET automatic drug infusion system was respectively connected with the pre-established channels of power PICC and peripheral venipuncture for 18F-FDG injection. Each patient underwent a routine PET/CT imaging at 1 h post-injection. The blood glucose, body weight, prescription dose and injection dose were recorded, and SUV max in the liver and cavoatrial junction were measured in both groups. The independent-sample t test was performed to compare the differences between 2 groups. The power PICC tip positions after 18F-FDG injection in power PICC group were observed. Results:The liver SUV max in the power PICC group and peripheral group were 2.54±0.50 and 2.57±0.31 ( t=0.37, P=0.716), and the SUV max of cavoatrial junction in the 2 groups were 1.68±0.25 and 1.63±0.22 ( t=-0.78, P=0.441), respectively. No significant differences were found in blood glucose, body weight, prescription dose and injection dose between the 2 groups ( t values: 0.00-0.13, all P>0.05). The ratios of injection dose to prescription dose in the 2 groups were 0.998 3±0.007 3 and 0.997 6±0.016 5, respectively, indicating high injection accuracy of the injection methods. No obvious drug residue was displayed at the end of catheter, resulting in good imaging quality. All the tip positions after injection were between T5 and T8, in line with the standardization management of power PICC. Conclusion:PET automatic drug infusion system combined with power PICC can be safely used for 18F-FDG injection and PET/CT imaging with less injection puncture.

Objective To investigate the effects of aluminum lactate exposure on learning and memory and the transportation of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) in cerebrospinal fluid in rats.Methods A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into solvent control (distilled water) group and low-,medium-,and high-dose aluminum poisoning groups (10,30,and 90 mg/kg aluminum lactate),with 20 rats in each group,and the poisoning procedure was performed by gavage for 2 months.The Morris water maze test was used to test the rats' learning and memory,Western blot was used to measure the expression level of low-density lipoprotein receptor protein-1 (LRP-1) in rats' choroid plexus,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the content of Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma.Results The Morris water maze test showed that in the place navigation test,with the increasing training time,the escape latency was significantly shortened in each group and showed significant differences between any two groups (P＜0.05).In the spatial probe test,the time spent in target quadrant in the medium-and high-dose groups was 11.52±1.56 s and 10.43 ±5.27 s,respectively,which was significantly shorter than that in the control group and the low-dose group (15.81±3.01 s and 13.91±2.17 s)(P＜0.05).The numbers of platform crossings in the medium-and high-dose groups were 2.64± 1.39 and 1.50±0.76,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group and the low-dose group (4.29±0.914 and 3.56±1.38)(P＜0.05).The results of ELISA showed that the medium-and high-dose groups had significant increases in the content of Aβ1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid (320.35±84.82 pg/ml and 327.68±67.51 pg/ml),which was significantlyhigher than that in the control group(203.46±74.36 pg/ml) (P＜0.05).The content of Aβ1-42 in plasma showed no significant difference between any two groups (P＞0.05),and that of Aβ1-40 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma also showed no significant difference between any two groups (P＞0.05).The results of Western blot showed that the high-dose group had significantly lower protein expression of LRP-1 than the control group and the low-and medium-dose groups(0.57±0.21 vs 1.00±0.00/0.79±0.15/0.95±0.24,P＜0.05).Conclusion Subchronic aluminum exposure may reduce learning and memory in rats,and the accumulation of Aβ in cerebrospinal fluid may be related to the reduced protein expression of LRP-1 in the choroid plexus,suggesting that aluminum affects learning and memory in rats through reducing the protein expression of LRP-1,influencing the transportation of Aβ,and leading to the accumulation of Aβ.

Objective To investigate the impairment in primary cultured rat choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) induced by aluminum.Methods The choroid plexus isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats 14 days old was cut into pieces and digested by trypsin in the sterile area.The obtained single cells were cultured in DMEM with 1％ epidermal growth factor and 20％ fetal calf serum.Five days later,immunohistochemistry with anti-transthyretin antibody was used to identify the purity of cultured cells.The well-grown cells were treated with aluminum lactate at different concentrations (0,100,400,and 1 600 μmol/L for control,low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups).Forty-eight hours later,the cell viability,apoptotic rate,level of reactive oxygen species (ROS),and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in each group to evaluate the impairment in primary cultured rat CPECs by aluminum.Results More than 95％ of the cultured cells were identified as CPECs.The medium-and high-dose groups had significantly lower cell viability than the control group (86.74％±4.03％ vs 100％,P＜0.01;81.90％±9.17％ vs 100％,P＜0.01).The high-dose group had significantly lower cell viability than the low-dose group (81.90％±9.17％ vs 92.92％±8.81％,P＜0.01).The medium-and high-dose groups had significantly higher apoptotic rates than the control group (7.26％±0.99％ vs 1.29％±0.03％,P＜0.01;22.25％±1.55％ vs 1.29％±0.03％,P＜0.01) and the low-dose group (7.26％±0.99％ vs 1.68％±0.27％,P＜0.01;22.25％±1.55％ vs 1.68％±0.27％,P＜0.01).The high-dose group had a significantly higher apoptotic rate than the medium-dose group(22.25％±1.55％ vs 7.26％±0.99％,P＜0.01).The medium-and high-dose groups had significantly higher fluorescence intensity of ROS than the control group (22.23％±0.41％ vs 17.24％±0.09％,P＜0.05;25.10％±1.13％ vs 17.24％±0.09％,P＜0.05) and the low-dose group (22.23％± 0.41％ vs 18.31％±0.21％,P＜0.05;25.10％±1.13％ vs 18.31％±0.21％,P＜0.05).The high-dose group had significantly higher fluorescence intensity of ROS than the medium-dose group (25.10％±1.13％ vs 22.23％± 0.41％,P＜0.05).The low-,medium-and high-dose groups had significantly lower SOD activity than the control group[(28.65±0.74) U/g Hb vs (37.35±1.05) U/g Hb,P＜0.05;(22.75±1.94) U/g Hb vs (37.35±1.05) U/g Hb,P＜0.05;(13.29 ±0.64) U/g Hb vs (37.35 ± 1.05) U/g Hb,P＜0.05].The medium-and high-dose groups had significantly lower SOD activity than the low-dose group [(22.75±1.94) U/g Hb vs (28.65±0.74) U/g Hb,P＜ 0.05;(13.29±0.64) U/g Hb vs (28.65±0.74) U/g Hb,P＜0.05],while the high-dose group had had significantly lower SOD activity than the medium-dose group[(13.29±0.64) U/g Hb vs (22.75±1.94) U/g Hb,P＜0.05].There were no significant differences in cell viability,apoptotic rate,level of ROS,or activity of SOD between any other two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Aluminum lactate may induce impairment in primary cultured rat CPECs.It reduces the cell viability,elevates the apoptotic rate,and causes oxidative stress.