To observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (OVI) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with Shigella sonne (Sh. sonnei) and Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri) F2a. After OVI was given to the mice via gastric lavage, the effects of OVI on the infected mice were observed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for dysentery bacteria were determined in vitro. The results showed that origanum volatile oil showed obvious protective effect on mice infected with Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri F2a and it had germistatic and germicidal effects on dysentry bacteria. We are led to conclude that origanum volatile oil is an effective medicine against the infection of dysentery bacteria.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Dysentery, Bacillary/*microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oils, Volatile/*pharmacology ; Shigella flexneri/*drug effects ; Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification ; Shigella sonnei/*drug effects ; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification

Objective To explore the immunomodulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2D3) in the treatment of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice.Methods According to random number table,thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,low dose,moderate dose,and high dose intervention group.Mice of model group,low dose,moderate dose and high dose intervention group drank 5％ DSS solution for seven days to create colitis model.On the 1st,3rd,5th,7th day,the mice of low dose,moderate dose and high dose intervention group were intraperitoneal injected with low,moderate,and high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (50,100 and 200 ng/each mouse,respectively).Mice of control group and model group were intraperitoneal injected with sterile soybean oil as control.The observed indicators included disease activity index (DAI) and colonic histopathological score (HPS).On the 8th day,all mice were sacrificed.The expression of interferon (IFN)-γ,interleukin (IL-17) and IL-21 in mice colon tissues and spleens at mRNA and protein level were measured by reverse transcription-polymerose chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry,respectively.The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA.LSD-test or Tamhane test were performed for comparison in groups.Results Compared with the control group,the DAI and colitis HPS of mice in the model group significantly increased (0.33±0.52 vs 7.33±1.03,0.17±0.41 vs 12.00±0.63).Compared with the model group,the DAI and colonic HPS of intervention groups treated with 1,25 (OH)2 D3 declined with varying degrees (2.83 ± 0.40,2.83±0.75,2.33±0.52 and 10.83±0.98,7.50±0.84,6.67±0.52,LSD-t=0.39 and 0.41,all P＜0.01).The expression of IFN-γ,IL-17 and IL-21 of the model group were significantly higher than those of the control group.The expressions of IFN-γ,IL-17 and IL-21 of intervention group were signifiantly lower than that of the model group (mRNA:LSD-t =0.12,0.13,0.09; protein:F =20.61,22.46,4.80,all P＜0.01).Conclusion 1,25 (OH)2D3 might have a direct role on T-cell phenotype,down-regulate effective cytokines IFN-γ,IL-17 and IL-21 and then play an interventional role.

Objective To explore the characteristics and survival of connective tissue disease (CTD) patients with both of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) arnd interstitial lung disease (ILD),and to compare with CTD patients with isolated PAH.Methods All adult CTD patients who visited one of the three referral centers in China with a diagnosis of PAH confirmed by right heart catheterization from July 2006 to May 2011 were enrolled.They were then divided into two groups (ILD with and without-ILD group) based on chest CT and then the comparison of baseline characteristics and survival at the endpoint of follow up were made between the two groups.T test,Mann-Whitney U test,x2 test,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.Results One hundred and twenty-six patients were recruited into the study.Patients with ILD (n=27) were older than those without ILD (n=99).Lung function results including FVC [(75±18)％ vs (83±13)％,t=2.212,P=0.037] and DLCO [(54±22)％ vs (68±20)％,t=2.392,P=0.019] in ILD group were significantly wose than those without-ILD group.Although some important hemodynamic parameters such as mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were better in the ILD group than the without-ILD group,Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the short term survival of ILD group was significantly worse than that of the without-ILD group (72.7％ versus 94.7％ at 1 year and 63.6％ versus 81.1％ at 3 year,P=0.047).In ILD group,Cox regression analysis showed that SvO2 was the only independent factor for the short term survival [HR=0.19,95％CI (0.04,0.83),P=0.027],and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients with SvO2＜60％ had significantly lower short term survival than patients with SvO2 ≥60％ (1 and 2 year survival were 60.0％ and 40.0％ versus 92.9％ and 77.4％ respectively,P=0.002).Conclusion Patients with both PAH and ILD is a special subtype in CTD.Although with the superiority of hemodynamics,these patients have significantly worse survival than CTD patients with isolated PAH.Low SvO2 is the independent risk factor for the short term mortality in patients of CTD complicated by both PAH and ILD.More attention should be paid to these patients and the management strategy should be investigated further.

To observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (OVI) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with Shigella sonne (Sh. sonnei) and Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri) F2a. After OVI was given to the mice via gastric lavage, the effects of OVI on the infected mice were observed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for dysentery bacteria were determined in vitro. The results showed that origanum volatile oil showed obvious protective effect on mice infected with Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri F2a and it had germistatic and germicidal effects on dysentry bacteria. We are led to conclude that origanum volatile oil is an effective medicine against the infection of dysentery bacteria.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; microbiology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Shigella flexneri ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Shigella sonnei ; drug effects ; isolation & purification

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of glimepiride treatment as initial monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods This was a subgroup analysis of the GREAT study,which investigated the efficacy and safety of glimepiride as initial monotherapy in Chinese patients with T2DM.This analysis was performed in 209 patients with disease duration less than 6 months and never received any anti-diabetic drugs.The change of HbA1C,fasting plasm glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPPG),homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index (HOMA-β),homeostasis model assessment for insulin-resistance index(HOMA-IR),the percentage of patients with HbA1C ＜ 7.0％ at endpoint and the incidence of hypoglycemia were evaluated after 16-weeks treatment.Results After 16-weeks glimepiride treatment,HbA1C value reduced significantly from baseline to endpoint,the reduction was statistically significant (9.21％ ± 1.65％ to 6.69％±0.83％,P＜0.001),69.7％ of the patients achieved HbA1C ＜7.0％ at study endpoint.Glimepiride-treated patients also achieved a significant improvement in FPG [from (10.15 ± 2.13) mmol/L to (7.23 ± 1.50) mmol/L,P＜0.001] and 2hPPG [from (17.21 ±4.14) mmol/L to (11.62 ± 3.34) mmol/L].HOMA-β was improved from 17.21± 15.19 [11.62 (2.90,115.8)] to 41.13 ± 44.12 [28.00 (5.1,360.00)],and HOMA-IR was reduced from 2.32± 1.90 [1.76 (0.60,12.80)] to 2.07 ± 1.74 [1.63 (0.4,12.3)].The incidence of all reported symptomatic hypoglycemia was 18.2％,and the incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia was 3.8％.Conclusion This analysis showed that glimepiride treatment as an initial mono-therapy could effectively improve blood glucose control in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM,and the treatment may improve islet β cell function,and the safety profile is reasonably good.

Objective: To observe the effects of general anesthesia and intravertebral anesthesia on the patients' temperature, perfusion index(PI) and coagulation function. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, 60 patients in the First Hospital of Jiaxing undergoing elective line of great saphenous varicose veins surgery were selected.According to the random number table, the patients were divided into the general anesthesia group(group G, n=30) and intraspinal anesthesia group(group I, n=30). The general condition, operation time, the core temperature(tympanic membrane temperature) before anesthesia(T0), 10 min after anesthesia(T1), 20 min later(T2), 30 min later(T3), and the PI with no-infusion upper limb were recorded.The changes of coagulation function before anesthesia(T0) and after surgery(T4) were observed by extraction of the thrombus(TEG). Results: The core body temperature of T1, T2 and T3 was significantly decreased in both two groups(F_G=58.789, P=0.000, F_I=2.965, P=0.035), and the hypothermia of group G was greater than that of group I(t₁=-2.998, t₂=-5.985, t₃=-7.705; P<0.05). The PI of T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than T0 in both two groups(F_G=5.439, P=0.002, F_I=3.404 P=0.020), and the increase of group G was greater than that of group I(t₁=2.065, t₂=2.041, t₃=2.649; P<0.05). In group G, TEG examination was significantly prolonged(F=5.482, P=0.023), and no significant changes were observed in group I. Conclusion The hypothermia of the patients and the increase of PI increased significantly, and the R time index of TEG is prolonged, and the anesthesia in the spinal canal has no obvious effect on the coagulation function.