Interferon ( IFN) plays an essential role in antiviral infection.Interferons are divided into different categories according to their structure and function.People have attached increasing importance to TypeⅠinterferon( IFN-Ⅰ) in light of its unusual antiviral mechanism.This review is intended to shed light on IFN-Ⅰ,including its antiviral function,signal pathway and regulation.

Objective To evaluate effects of ascorbic acid on proliferative activity of cultured melanocytes in vitro, as well as on H2O2?induced oxidative injury in melanocytes. Methods The optimal concentration of ascorbic acid solution and median lethal dose of H2O2 solution were determined by CCK?8 assay for the following experiment. Cultured melanocytes were classified into the control group, ascorbic acid group, H2O2 group and combination group. During the first 24 hours, the control group and H2O2 group were treated with M254 medium, while the ascorbic acid group and combination group with ascorbic acid solution. During an additional 24?hour period, the control group and ascorbic acid group were treated with M254 medium, while the H2O2 group and combination group with H2O2 solution at the median lethal dose. After 48?hour treatment, CCK?8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to determine the survival rate and apoptosis rate of melanocytes, respectively, in the 4 groups. Biochemical methods were used to evaluate the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and determine the malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration, and fluores?cent staining was conducted to detect the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the control group, H2O2 group and combination group. Results The optimal concentration of ascorbic acid solution was 1 000μmol/L, and the median lethal dose of H2O2 solution was 300 μmol/L. The cell survival rate, apoptosis rate, SOD activity, MDA concentration and ROS fluorescence intensity in the control group were 100% ± 4.99%, 6.90% ± 0.87%, 54.71 ± 4.75 U/mgprot, 263.39 ± 20.17 nmol/mgprot and 342.16 ± 27.36 respectively. Compared with the control group, H2O2 solution could significantly increase the cell apoptosis rate(16.47%± 1.07%), SOD activity(103.62 ± 10.44 U/mgprot), MDA concentration(493.70 ± 31.36 nmol/mgprot)and intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity (782.48 ± 36.25), but decrease the survival rate of melanocytes (39.07% ± 2.94%), while ascorbic acid solution markedly down?regulated the H2O2?induced apoptosis (11.83%± 0.95%), SOD activity(76.73 ± 5.20 U/mgprot), MDA concentration(371.82 ± 23.05 nmol/mgprot) and ROS level (475.64 ± 52.18), but increased the cell survival rate (74.31% ± 5.53%). Conclusion Ascorbic acid solution at the concentration of 1 000 μmol/L can not only promote proliferative activity of melanocytes, but also protect melanocytes from H2O2?induced oxidative injury.

Objective To study the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone metabolism in diabetic rats and the related molecular mechanism.Methods A total of 45 healthy 6-8 weeks old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated with streptozotocin.The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly assigned to diabetic group (DM),low dose vitamin D treated group(LD),and high dose vitamin D treated group(HD).Another 12 healthy SD rats were used as normol control group(NC).The rats in NC group and DM group were fed with 0.05 ml/d nut oil;those in the LD group and HD group were fed respectively with 0.03 and0.10 μg · kg-1 · d-1 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dissolved in 0.05 ml nut oil.12 weeks later,serum calcium,phosphorus,osteocalcin,type Ⅰ collagen cross-linked telopeptide (NTX),and 24 h urinary calcium were determined.Right femurs were harvested for pathohistological analysis by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Expressions of osteoprotegerin,receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL),core binding factor α1(Cbfa1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining.The osteoprotegerin,RANKL,Cbfa1,osteocalcin mRNA levels of bone tissue were performed by realtime quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay.Results (1) Compared with the NC group,serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium in LD and HD groups were significantly higher (P＜0.05) ; 24 h urinary calcium in DM group was significantly higher than that in NC group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Serum osteocalcin level in DM and LD groups was significantly lower than that in NC group (P＜0.05) ; there was no significant difference between the serum NTX levels of all groups (P＞0.05).(3) There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of Cbfa1 in all groups (P＞0.05).The mRNA expression of osteocalcin in DM group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P ＜0.05).The mRNA expression of RANKL in DM group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P＜0.05) ; and that in LD and HD group was significantly higher than that in DM group (P＜0.05),and that in HD group was significantly higher than that in LD group (P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin in DM group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P＜0.05).The ratio of RANKL to osteoprotegerin in HD group was significantly higher than that in DM group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Vitamin D may promote bone metabolism in diabetic rats by up-regulating the expressions of osteocalcin and RANKL or in addition to other means.

Objective To research the effect of pure interbody fusion and interbody cage fusion under minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion treat to single segment of lumbar disc herniation,analysis clinical value the two methods.Methods A total of 61 cases single segment lumbar disc herniation were treated with MIS-TLIF surgery,were divided into pure interbody fusion group (group A) and interbody fusion Cage group (group B) according to different fusion methods.Operative time,blood loss and postoperative drainage were recorded in two groups,the clinical efficacy were tested by using of visual analogue score (VAS),Japanese Orthopedic Association scores (JOA),Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and Macnab standard,the interbody fusion ability were evaluated by power lumbar X-ray film and CT 3D reconstruction.Results The gender,age,disease duration and disease segments in two gracps were not found statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).Also,two groups of patients,blood loss,postoperative drainage has no significant difference (P＞0.05).After the operation,the VAS score,ODI score,JOA score and Macnab criteria,the last follow-up of intervertebral fusion rate in in tuo groups were not found statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).While the operative time,postoperative disc height changes were found significant difference between two groups (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion MIS-TLIF simple fusion for lumbar disc herniation will be available with equal clinical efficacy fusion rate compared with cage fusion.

OBJECTIVETo compare the predictive value of liver enzymes and alcohol consumption for determining risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhengzhou with a total of 2, 693 men.Participants' height, weight, and histories of smoking and drinking were recorded. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and blood glucose, as well as related metabolic indexes were detected.

RESULTSModerate daily alcohol consumption (more than 35 g ethanol/week and less than 140 g ethanol/week) decreased the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR =0.376, 95% CI:0.306 -0.463, P less than 0.05) but increased risk for higher levels of GGT and ALT (OR GGT =3.012, 95% CI:2.357-3.849, Pless than 0.01; ORALT =1.473, 95% CI:1.043-2.081, Pless than 0.05). In joint analyses of alcohol consumption and liver enzymes, the group of nondrinkers/light drinkers (less than or equal to 35 g ethanol/week) in the fourth quartile of GGT levels had the highest risk for type 2 diabetes (OR =12.219, 95% CI:6.217-24.016, P less than 0.01). The relationship of ALT and daily alcohol consumption with the risk of type 2 diabetes was almost the same as that of GGT (nondrinkers/light drinkers in the fourth quartile of ALT levels (OR =5.357, 95% CI:3.070-9.350, P less than 0.0 1).

CONCLUSIONGGT, ALT and daily alcohol consumption were independently associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. Nondrinkers/light drinkers with the highest levels ofGGT orALT were at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

Alanine Transaminase ; Alcohol Drinking ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Glucose ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase

Objective:To investigate the relationship between C3, C4, Th1/Th2 levels and the Myasthenia Gravis Daily Living Scale (MG-ADL) score in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and its efficacy in predicting the transition of ocular muscle type to systemic type.Methods:A retrospective study of 94 patients with ophthalmic MG admitted to Haikou People's Hospital from April 2017 to April 2020 was conducted. According to whether they had converted to systemic MG within 6 months, they were divided into transformation group ( n=35) and non-transformation group ( n=59). The levels of C3, C4 and Th1/Th2, as well as the score of MG-ADL and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) were compared between the two groups before and 1 and 3 months after treatment. The correlation between C3, C4 and Th1/Th2 levels and MG-ADL and OMG scores, as well as the related influencing factors of the transformation from ocular muscle type to systemic type was analyzed. The efficiency of each index in predicting the transformation from ocular muscle type to systemic type was analyzed. Results:At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the C3 and C4 in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and Th1/Th2 was significantly lower than before treatment; the C3 and C4 in the non-transformation group were higher than that in the transformation group, while Th1/Th2 was lower than that in the transformation group (all P<0.05). The MG-ADL and QMG scores in 2 groups at 1 and 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, and those in the non-transformation group were lower than those in the transformation group (all P<0.05). C3 and C4 levels were negatively correlated with MG-ADL and QMG scores (all P<0.05), while Th1/Th2 levels were positively correlated with MG-ADL and QMG scores (all P<0.05). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, C3, C4 and Th1/Th2 were the influencing factors for the transformation from ocular muscle type to systemic type (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of C3, C4 and Th1/Th2 combined to predict the transformation from ocular muscle type to systemic type at 3 months after treatment was 0.939, and the best predictive sensitivity and specificity were 91.43% and 88.14%, respectively. Conclusions:There is a good linear relationship between C3, C4, Th1/Th2 levels and MG-ADL scores in MG patients, and it has a high efficiency in predicting the transition of ocular muscle type to systemic type.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), miR-210 and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) and the prognostic value of their combination.Methods:The medical records of 126 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Haikou People′s Hospital (Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College of Central South University) from February 2018 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the recurrence of prognosis 6 months after treatment, they were divided into recurrence group ( n=23) and non recurrence group ( n=103). The general data, serum NLR, TSP-1, miR-210 levels and SLEDAI score before and after treatment of the two groups were compared. The relationship between the levels of serum indicators before and after treatment, SLEDAI score, prognosis and recurrence of SLE patients were analyzed, and the efficacy of single and combined serum indicators in predicting prognosis was explored. Results:The levels of serum NLR, TSP-1, miR-210 and SLEDAI score in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non recurrence group before and after treatment (all P<0.05); After treatment, the levels of serum NLR, TSP-1, miR-210 and SLEDAI score in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum NLR, TSP-1 and miR-210 in SLE patients were positively correlated with SLEDAI scores (all P<0.05); Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting other factors such as complement C3, complement C4 levels and SLEDAI scores before and after treatment, serum NLR, TSP-1 and miR-210 before and after treatment were still significantly correlated with the risk of recurrence in SLE patients (all P<0.05); The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under curve (AUC) of serum NLR, TSP-1 and miR-210 combined to predict recurrence was 0.907 (95% CI: 0.842-0.951), the sensitivity was 86.96%, and the specificity was 83.50%, which was significantly higher than that of each index alone. Conclusions:Serum NLR, TSP-1, miR-210 levels in SLE patients are positively correlated with SLEDAI scores, and the combined detection of these indicators has a high predictive value for prognosis and recurrence, which can provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of SLE.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of serum IgA/C3 ratio in the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy and explore its relationship with the clinicopathological features of the patients.

METHODSSixty-six patients with IgA nephropathy, 111 with other glomerular diseases, and 40 healthy control subjects without kidney disease were tested for serum IgA and C3 levels using CRM470 adjusted standardized immune turbidimetric method, and the IgA/C3 ratio was calculated. According to Oxford and Lee's classification criteria, we analyzed the pathological grades of the renal biopsy samples from patients with IgA nephropathy. The ROC curve was used to assess the value of serum IgA and IgA/C3 ratio in predicting IgA nephropathy.

RESULTSPatients with IgA nephropathy had an elevated serum IgA/C3 ratio than those with other glomerular diseases and the control subjects, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.776. An elevated serum IgA/C3 ratio was not found to significantly correlate with the pathological grade of renal biopsy samples in patients with IgA nephropathy.

CONCLUSIONIn the absence of renal biopsy findings, serum IgA/C3 ratio can help in the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.

Biopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; Complement C3 ; analysis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Kidney ; pathology