BACKGROUND:Self-locking brackets changed the traditional ligation mode and obviously elevated the sliding mechanism of the teeth and the effect of its spreading during orthodontic treatment, and effectively decreased friction force. OBJECTIVE:To explore the differences of the application of 3M self-locking bracket and traditional straight wire bracket during orthodontic treatment. METHODS:A total of 796 patients receiving orthodontic correction of mild and moderate misaligned teeth, including 398 males and 400 females, at the age of 11-19 years old. 398 patients received 3M SmartClipTM self-ligating bracket braces as observation group. The remaining 398 patients received MBT straight wire appliance. The width of molars, intercanine width, superior anterior tooth convexity and correction were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The width of premolars and superior anterior tooth convexity were significantly better after correction than that before correction in both groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the correction outcomes were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the width of first molar and intercanine width was detected before and after treatment in either group, as wel as between the two groups. Aligned dentition time and the total therapeutic duration were shorter in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that compared with the traditional MBT straight wire bracket braces, expansion arch effect of the 3M SmartClipTM self-ligating bracket braces is obvious;clinical treatment can reduce the rate of extraction cases, and shorten the course of correction.

Objective To study the self-locking brackets SmartclipTM 3MXTM MBTTM brackets and traditional pain comparison.Methods 72 patients with non-extraction orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups,a group treated with self-locking brackets,the other group treated with traditional care slot.Patients in orthodontic treatment of pain within a week were inoestigated by way of a questionnaire survey,including orthodontic pain,soft tissue irritation,and the strength of a normal life for patients with the impact.Results Questionnaire response rate was 94.4％.The level of pain was similar in self-ligating bracket group and the traditional bracket group.However,time-related,including pain after orthodontic treatment was 3h,1 d time,the most intense pain and continued to 3d,back pain relief,1w about pain relief.Conclusion Self-locking brackets and brackets have noobvious pain intensity differences,but related with orthodontic force to the clinical use of force should pay attention to light.

Objective:To compare the marginal microleakage of various d ental filling materials. Methods:45 extracted caries-free teeth were divided into 3 groups with 15 in each. The teeth were cleaned and standard cavity of I and V were prepared and filled with silver amalgm(group 1), GI-1 g lass ion cement(group 2) and glassionomer cement FX(group 3) respectively. The s amples were kept at 37 ℃ for 1-3 months.Dye penetration test was used to obser ve the marginal microleakage.The space between the restorations and tooth struct ure was measured under an electronmicroscope. Results:Dye penetr ation was observed in all the three groups.The teeth with grade 1, 2 and 3 penet ration in group 1 were 11,4 and 0, in group 2 were 1,4 and 10,in group 3 were 2, 8 and 5(P

T-type calcium channels present in cardiovascular, neuronal and endocrine systems, and they are now receiving attention as novel therapeutic targets. It plays important roles in multiple cellular functions and genes those encode the T-type calcium channels have been recently reported. Many drugs and compounds non-specifically block T-type calcium channels. We review circumstances of the research of T- type calcium channels in the molecular structure, distribution, function, regulation and the related drugs.

Melatonin (MT) is secreted by the pineal gland and has obvious biological rhythmicity including circadian, season rhythm and life rhythm (aging clock). The reduction of MT secretion is related to body aging, particularly in close relation to brain aging. The hypothesis of aging is involved in pineal calcification, biological clock, neuro-en-docrinoimmunology, and free radical damage. MT is an endogenous free radical scavenger, may anto-gonize the attack of hydroxyl free radical ( ?OH)on organism and glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity, and has a potent protective effect of central nervous system. In vivo studies showed that the food restriction and exogenous MT could obviously prolong life, postpone aging, and reduce the chances of age-related diseases. Investigating of MT anti-aging effect shows a vast prospect.

The mechanism of killer toxin is believed to relate to the inhibition of yeast cell wall ? glucan synthesis. Mannoprotein probably is one of the receptor for HM 1 killer toxin. The resistance is due to the decrease of N glycosylation of the sensitive yeast strain. HM 1 is a hydrophilic protein consisting of 88 amino acids. Two arginine residues located at positions 82 and 86 in the C terminal region of molecule are essential for the action of killer activity of HM 1 toxin. It is very useful to develop a novel anti fungal agent and prevent wild yeast contamination.

This article reviews the proteins and transduction pat hw ay in endotoxic action. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein(LBP) binds and trans ports the LPS to its receptors, which include CD14 and CD11/CD18. Toll-like rec eptors(TLRs) is closely associated with transducting the signals into cytoplasm. Scavenger receptors are related to hepatic clearance on endotoxin .The intracel lular signal transduction is involved in several paths which finally leads to t he release of cytokines.

The studies on pathophysiological mechanism and treatment method of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage mainly focus on animal experiment,which has been established various animal models in the laboratory.According to the different implanted tissues,there are four kinds of intracerebral hemorrhage,including ischemia,trauma,spontaneous or implanting intracal extraneous materials reduced intracerebral hemorrhage.Further more,the implanted extraneous materials contain inert substances-reduced intracerebral hemor-rhage,biological agent induced and autologous arterial blood simulated intracerebral hemorrhage.This paper summarizes the kinds,preparation methods and characteristics of each animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Neuroinflammation may be one of the causes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)can reduce the risk of AD.Laboratory evidence indicates that the protection of NSAIDs is mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase(COX)activity and the non-COX mechanisms.This review summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms in the action.

AIM To observe the effects of melatonin on acute and chronic injuries induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in co-cultured neuron and glia and to explore the probable mechanisms of melatonin in antagonizing the injuries. METHODS The injury model of cultured neuron and co-cultured neuron and glia was made by administration of sodium dithionite and glucose-deprived Earles solution. In neuron and glia co-culture, two different models, acute injury model at the phase of OGD and chronic injury model after 'reperfusion' were established. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by Griess reagent and LDH kits respectively. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by TBA method. Cell viability was analyzed using colorimetric MTT assay. RESULTS Melatonin increased the level of NO at the concentration of 10 -6 , 10 -7 mol?L -1 and decreased the level of MDA content elevated by OGD at the concentration of 10 -6 , 10 -7 , 10 -8 mol?L -1 in vitro cultured cortical neurons. In the chronic injury model after 'reperfusion' melatonin (10 -6 , 10 -7 , 10 -8 mol?L -1 ) significantly decreased LDH activity and increased MTT value in neurons and glia co-cultured. But in the acute injury model, melatonin obviously increased LDH activity and decreased MTT value. CONCLUSION Melatonin protection for neuron from injuries induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation may be related to increase in the level of NO and decrease in the content of MDA. Melatonin can antagonize the injury in the chronic injury model after 'reperfusion', but exaggerate the injury in the acute injury model. These may be all related to its antioxidant action. Our results also suggest that melatonin may probably inhibit activation of microglia.