Eight previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, including five nortriterpenoids with 26 carbons, ganothenoids A-E (1-5), and three lanostanoids, ganothenoids F-H (6-8), along with 24 known ones (9-32), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganodrma theaecolum. The structures of the novel compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations. Compounds 1-32 were assessed for their neuroprotective effects against H₂O₂-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, as well as their inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. Compound 4 demonstrated the most potent neuroprotective activity against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by suppressing G₀/G₁ phase cell cycle arrest, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibiting cell apoptosis through modulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax) protein expression. Compounds 26, 12, and 28 exhibited PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.92 to 56.94 μmol·L^-1, while compound 12 alone displayed significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with an IC₅₀ value of 43.56 μmol·L^-1. Additionally, enzyme kinetic analyses and molecular docking simulations were conducted for compounds 26 and 12 with PTP1B and α-glucosidase, respectively.
Humans ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry* ; Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification* ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism* ; Ganoderma/chemistry* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity* ; Molecular Docking Simulation

Objective:To investigate the changes of blood glucose and blood lipid in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients with different insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and the effect of non-drug intervention.Methods:Data of 240 pregnant women with GDM and 240 healthy pregnant women were collected from July 1 to September 1, 2023 in Shijing People′s Hospital in Baiyun District and other five hospital. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated by homeostasis model assessment 2(HOMA2) model, according to the 25th percentile of ISI of normal pregnant women, GDM patients were divided into insulin sensitive group (group A) and insulin sensitive deficiency group (group B), and group A and group B were divided into two groups according to 36-week blood glucose control: group A1 with good blood glucose control (group A1 and group B1) and group A2 with bad blood glucose control (group A2 and group B2). The age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipids and blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in the first trimester, blood glucose and blood lipids in the second trimester were compared at the 28th, 32nd and 36th weeks of gestation, the number of cases, blood glucose, blood lipids and non-drug intervention were measured. Results:There were 166 cases in group A and 74 cases in group B. Blood glucose and blood lipid were normal in early pregnancy. There was no significant difference in blood glucose between group A and group B during the second trimester. The levels of blood lipids were significantly higher than those during the first trimester, and the levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher than those during the first trimester. The number of pregnant women in group A1 was significantly more than that in group A2 in the third trimester ( P = 0.01), and the number of pregnant women in group B1 was more than that in group B2 at 28 weeks ( P = 0.01). At 32 weeks, the number of pregnant women in group B1 and group B2 was similar ( P = 0.31). At 36 weeks, the number of pregnant women in group B1 was significantly lower than that in group B2 ( P = 0.01). In the third trimester of pregnancy, the levels of blood glucose in group B2 were higher than those in group A2 ( P<0.05). The levels of TG and LDL-C in group A2 and group B2 were higher than those in group A1 and group B1 respectively, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower than that in group A1 and group B1( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in TC between group A2 and group A1 at 28 and 32 weeks ( P>0.05), but it was significantly higher at 36 weeks ( P = 0.01). In the third trimester of pregnancy, diet control was the most common (91.7%, 87.7%, 81.6%, respectively) in group A ( P>0.05). The proportions of diet-only and diet-plus exercise interventions were similar in group B1 at 28 weeks and 32 weeks (52.9% vs. 47.1%, 45.7% vs. 54.3%)( P = 0.072, 0.113). At the 36 weeks, the main intervention was diet combined with exercise (73.3%). In group B2, dietary intervention (69.6%, 71.8%, 69.5%) was the main cause of poor control of blood glucose. Conclusions:In GDM patients with insulin sensitivity deficiency, the blood glucose and blood lipids in the second trimester are obviously increased, and the abnormality in the third trimester is even greater.

High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)can non-invasively and safely focus sound waves on target region to ablate tumors.Using acoustic sensitizer combined with ultrasound to ablate tumors,Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)can ablate tumors at deep region with high precision.The progresses of HIFU combined with SDT for treating tumors were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and complications of one-step and two-step ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic hepatic duct drainage(PTHD)in the treatment of advanced low-level biliary obstruction.Methods A total of 112 patients with advanced low-level biliary obstruction who underwent palliative surgery for reducing jaundice in the hospital from January 2019 to July 2023 were selected,and divided into the one-step group and the two-step group according to the principle of complete randomization(grouped by random number table method).The one-step group(n=56)underwent one-step PTHD,while the two-step group(n=56)underwent two-step PTHD.Surgery related indicators,serum total bilirubin(TBIL),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),alanine transaminase(ALT),the incidence of postoperative complications,and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results There was no difference in intraoperative blood loss[(2.96±0.50)ml vs.(3.02±0.53)ml],drainage volume in 48 hours after surgery[(555.84±90.51)ml vs.(560.52±104.23)ml]between the two groups(P＞0.05).Operation time and postoperative VAS score of the one-step group were significantly shorter/lower than those of the two-step group[(32.50±4.26)min vs.(36.43±3.58)min,(3.72±1.57)points vs.(4.53±1.34)points],and the success rate of puncture was significantly higher than that in the two-step group(96.43％vs.76.69％),with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of TBIL,ALP and ALT in the two groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(3.57％vs.7.14％,Fisher's exact probability=0.679).The satisfaction rate in the one-step group was significantly higher than that in the two-step group(94.64％vs.75.00％),with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).ConclusionThe operation time of one-step PTHD is shorter and the success rate of puncture is higher.In addition,patients undergoing one-step PTHD have milder pain,and are more satisfied.

Objective To investigate the correlation between tibial plateau varus and osteoporosis(OP)in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 194 postmenopausal women with KOA who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.Various risk factors associated with tibial plateau varus[medial tibial plateau angle(MTPA)＜85°],including age,body mass index(BMI),Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)grade,hip-knee-ankle angle(HKAA),lateral distal femur angle(LDFA),bone mineral density(BMD)were collected and analyzed.Multiple regression was employed to analyze the relationship of these factors with tibial plateau varus.Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between MTPA and BMD.Results Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BMD(β=0.381,P＜0.001)and HKAA(β=0.460,P＜0.001)were independent risk factors for tibial plateau varus.LDFA,age,BMI,K-L grade were not significantly associated with tibial plateau varus.A statistically significant association between BMD and tibial plateau varus was noted(r=0.817,P＜0.001).Further data stratification showed a significant association between BMD and tibial plateau varus in patients with knee varus(HKAA＜175°)(r=0.781,P＜0.001).There was no statistical significance association between BMD and tibial plateau varus in patients with normal lower extremity alignment(HKAA≥175°)(r=-0.035,P=0.063).Conclusion OP and knee varus emerge as the primary risk factors for tibial plateau varus in the knee in postmenopausal women with KOA.

Objective To compare the bone mineral density and age-related bone loss rate of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae using quantitative CT(QCT),and to explore the feasibility of measuring bone density and bone loss rate using thoracic QCT.Methods A total of 708 patients who underwent full abdominal CT scans due to trauma,acute abdominal disease,and health examination from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected.The average BMD of T10 to L3 vertebral bodies were measured using quantitative CT software.The subjects were divided into several age groups according to the age of every 10 years.The average bone density and the age-related annual rate of bone density loss of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae for each group were computed,the correlation analysis between thoracic and lumbar BMD and age was conducted using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The peak BMD for both males and females was in the 20 to 29 years age group.After the age of 30,the bone density of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae began to decrease to varying degrees.For females aged 80 to 89,the cumulative bone loss rate for the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was 60.61%and 61.34%,respectively,while for males,it was 44.45%and 49.35%,respectively.The BMD of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in both males and females showed a negative correlation with age(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between the bone mineral density of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae(for males,r = 0.96;for females,r = 0.98;P<0.01).Conclusion Both thoracic and lumbar QCT accurately displayed BMD and bone loss in different age groups,and thoracic QCT could be used as a method for evaluating and monitoring bone loss.

Objective To investigate the impact of overweight on the prognosis of patients with acute mild ischemic stroke or moderate-high risk transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods A total of 366 patients with acute mild ischemic stroke or moderate-high risk TIA who carried CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles were included in the study. Baseline data were collected at admission, and clinical outcomes were collected within 3 months post-onset (primary outcomes: stroke recurrences within 3 months post-onset; secondary outcomes: composite outcome of stroke recurrence or death within 3 months post-onset, vascular events, and quality of life within 3 months). Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the cumulative incidence curve of outcomes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between overweight and clinical outcomes within 3 months post-onset in patientswith ischemic stroke or TIA. The integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) and net reclassification improvement index (NRI) were calculated to assess the predictive value of adding body mass index (BMI, whether overweight or not) based on traditional models for predicting the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke or TIA. Results After 3 months of follow-up, 28 patients had stroke recurrence, 1 patient died, and 31 patients had vascular events. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curve showed that the cumulative incidences of stroke recurrence, stroke recurrence or death, and vascular events after 3 months of onset were lower in overweight patients compared with non-overweight patients (Log-rank P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with non-overweight patients, overweight patients had significantly reduced risks of stroke recurrence within 3 months (HR=0.24; 95%CI, 0.08 to 0.71), composite outcome of stroke recurrence or death (HR=0.24; 95%CI, 0.08 to 0.69), and vascular events (HR=0.22; 95%CI, 0.07 to 0.63), and significantly improved quality of life within 3 months (OR=0.39; 95%CI, 0.20 to 0.76). The IDI and NRI calculations showed that compared with traditional models, the new model adding BMI (whether overweight) had significantly improved predictive ability for the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke or TIA. Conclusion Overweight may be a protective factor for the prognosis of TIA patients with acute mild ischemic stroke or moderate-high risk who carry CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles. Compared with non-overweight patients, overweight patients have reduced risks of stroke recurrence, composite outcome of stroke recurrence or death, and vascular events within 3 months post-onset, and improved quality of life within 3 months post-onset.

Objective:To understand the current situation of family resilience in middle-aged and young patients with coronary heart disease and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 220 middle-aged and young patients with coronary heart disease who visited Cardiology Department of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from May to August 2022 were selected as the research objects. The survey was conducted using general information questionnaire, Family Resilience Assessment Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Family Care Index Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of family resilience in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease.Results:The total score of family resilience in middle-aged and young patients with coronary heart disease is (209.34±27.52) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of children, the New York Heart Association cardiac function rating, perceived stress, family care and social support were the influencing factors of family resilience in middle-aged and young patients with coronary heart disease ( P<0.05) , accounting for 40.4% of the total variance. Conclusions:The family resilience of middle-aged and young patients with coronary heart disease is above the average level. Clinical medical staff should strengthen the evaluation of the family resilience of middle-aged and young patients with coronary heart disease, combine its influencing factors and develop targeted intervention measures to improve the family resilience level of patients and improve their family function.

OBJECTIVE To study active components and antitussive effect of aboveground part of Pinellia ternata （non- medicinal stems and leaves）， and compare them with the underground part of P. ternata （medicinal underground tubers）， providing scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization and product development of P. ternata. METHODS TLC， GC， HPLC and UPLC- MS/MS were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of amino acids， volatile oil， total flavonoids and succinic acid from the aboveground and underground parts of P. ternata. The antitussive effects of the aboveground and underground parts of P. ternata were compared and studied through cough inducing experiment with concentrated ammonia water. RESULTS Results of TLC showed that at the corresponding positions on the chromatograms of the reference substances of P. ternata， and arginine， alanine， valine， leucine and rutin control， the aboveground and underground parts of P. ternata showed spots of the same color. Results of GC showed that the similarity among characteristic chromatograms of volatile oil from aboveground and underground parts of P. ternata was 0.767； results of HPLC and UPLC-MS/MS showed that compared with underground parts of P. ternata， the contents of succinic acid， quercetin， kaempferol and isorhamnetin increased by 0.15%， 0.15%， 0.09% and 0.03%， and aspartate content decreased by 2.5 mg/g. Pharmacodynamics results showed that compared with model control group， the cough incubation period of rats was prolonged significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05）， and the cough frequency within 3 min was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）； there was no statistical significance in the cough frequency within 3 min among administration groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The composition of amino acids， volatile oils and total flavonoids in aboveground part of P. ternata are similar to underground part of P. ternata， while the content of aspartic acid is lower than that in underground part. The aboveground part of P. ternata can prolong the cough incubation period of rats and reduce the number of coughs， which has a certain antitussive effect， but the effect is slightly weaker than that of the underground part.