A rapid, reliable and sensitive pressurized capillary electrochromatography-Laser induced fluorescence ( pCEC/LIF ) method with trifluoroacetic acid ( TFA ) pre-column derivation for simultaneous determination of four aflatoxin ( AFB1 , AFB2 , AFG1 , AFG2 ) was developed. This method included separation on a capillary column packed with 1. 8μm C18 particles using 0. 05% FA aqueous solution/methanol (55:45, V/V) as mobile phase at a pump flow rate of 0. 05 mL/min when the split ratio was 1:300. Under the optimum conditions including running voltage of 15 kV, excitation wavelength of 375 nm and emission wavelength of 450 nm, the baseline separation of four aflatoxins was achieved within 10 minutes. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0. 02, 0. 016, 0. 008 and 0. 01 μg/L for AFG1, AFB1, AFG2, AFB2(S/N=3), respectively. The linear detection ranges of AFG1 , AFB1 , AFG2 , AFB2 were 0. 1-10, 0. 1-10, 0. 1-3 and 0. 1-3 μg/L with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0. 9999, 1. 0000, 0. 9995 and 0. 9997, respectively. The established method was applied to analyze the peanut butter, and the recoveries of standard addition experiment were between 90 . 0% and 112 . 0% for all analytes ( RSDs=0 . 5%-1 . 9%) .

Objective:To investigate the effects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1) in intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rat model with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were divided into four groups ( n=5 each group) using a random table method: control, SAP, 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), and 3-AB control groups. The SAP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulean with lipopolysaccharide. At 30 min, the rats were treated with the PARP-1 inhibitor, 3-AB, or normal saline,separately. After 12 h, all rats were sacrificed to harvest pancreas tissues, intestines tissues, and blood from the hearts for index detection. Serum amylase (AMY) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured using an automatic biochemical instrument and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.The protein expression of PARP-1 and nuclear factor (NF-κB) were measured using Western blot and that of occludin was measured using an immunohistochemical test. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of multiple groups of variables. Non-parametric tests of rank conversion were used when variances were not uniform. A P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Compared to the control group, the following indexes in the SAP group were significantly increased: ascites (with serious hemorrhage and necrosis in the pancreas and disordered intestinal villi),serum AMY and IL-6 levels, and the expression of PARP-1 and NF-κB. However, Occludin expression was significantly decreased. There was no significant difference between 3-AB group and 3-AB control group. Compared to the SAP group, the severity of SAP and pancreatitis-associated intestinal injury was significantly attenuated with the administration of 3-AB. Serum AMY and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased (serum AMY: 1 879.25 ± 736.6 U/L vs 5 569.33 ± 1993.48 U/L; IL-6: 77.98 ± 20.65 pg/mL vs 209.14 ± 79.08 pg/mL, both P<0.05), but the expression of PARP-1 and NF-κB were significantly increased (PARP-1: 1.44 ± 0.09 vs 1.49 ± 0.13; NF-κB: 0.63 ± 0.09 vs 0.96±0.08, both P<0.05). Similarly, Occludin expression was significantly decreased (6.7±1.5 vs 3.2±1.1, P<0.05). Conclusions:Inhibition of PARP-1 has protective effects on SAP associated intestinal mucosal barrier damage. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway and increase intestinal mucosal Occludin protein expression.

Objective:To investigate the types, incidences, and clinical characteristics of shock in polytrauma patients at different stages after polytrauma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on polytrauma patients admitted to multiple trauma centers from June 2020 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were patients >18 years old and treated due to polytrauma. Exclusion criteria included an admission time of more than 48 h after trauma, a history of malignancy, or metabolic, consumptive, and immunological diseases. The early stage was defined as the period of ≤48 h after polytrauma, and the middle stage was defined as the period between 48 h and 14 days. The patient’s medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examination, injury severity score (ISS), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were collected. The types, incidences, and clinical characteristics of shock in different stages after polytrauma were analyzed, according to the diagnostic criteria of each type of shock. The differences between the groups were compared by Student’s t test, χ2 test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The incidence of the early and middle stage shock after polytrauma were 73.1% and 36.4%, respectively, with statistically significant difference between stages ( P<0.01). There were significant differences in the incidence of hypovolemic shock (83.6% vs. 28.4%), distributed shock (13.7% vs. 80.9%) and cardiogenic shock (3.5% vs. 6.6%) between stages (all P<0.05). The incidence of obstructive shock (8.4% vs. 9.7%, P>0.05) was similar between stages. The incidence of undifferentiated shock was 1.6% and 1.2%, respectively. There were 9.5% patients with multifactorial shock in the early stage and 14.4% in the middle stage. Totally 7 combinations of multifactorial shock were found in different stages after polytrauma. In the early stage, the combination of HS and DS accounted the highest ratio (42.3%) and followed by HS and OS for 28.8%. In the middle stage, the combination of HS and DS was the most common (48.6%) and followed by DS and OS (24.3%). Conclusions:The incidence of shock in polytrauma patients is high. Different types of shock can occur simultaneously or sequentially. Therefore a comprehensive resuscitation strategy is significant to improve the success rate of treatment.