Objective The clinical distribution and drug resistance of isolated Acinetobacter Bauman strains were retrospectively analyzed in Xiangya Hospital Central South University in 2015,and its resistant transitions in ten years were also analyzed,to provide theoretical guidance for clinical rational use of antibiotics and control of infection.Methods 534 Acinetobacter Bauman strains were collected at Xiangya Hospital in 2015,the clinical distribution characteristics and drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman strains were analyzed according to specimen type,department,age and drug resistance result.Meanwhile,the drug resistance situation was compared with that in 2006 and 2011.Results The isolation rate of Acinetobacer Bauman from respiratory tract specimen was 76.78％,the tolal isolation rate from ICU,respiratory department of internal medicine,neurology department of internal medicine and neurosurgery department ward was 57.87 ％,and the infection patients over the age of 61 occupied 37.83 ％.Risperidone/Shubatan showed the best antibiotic activity with the resistance rate 3.02 ％ in ten drugs,the Acinetobacter Bauman strains were resist to other nine drugs in different level,with the percent from 50.0％ to 85.0％.The drugs of tobramycin and imipenem showed the greatest growth,with the resistance rate of 1.87％ and 11.70％ in 2006 in Xiangya hospital,increased to 69.85％ and 80.53％ in 2015,respectively.The drug of levofloxacin and cefepime also showed great growth in ten years with the increase of 58.81％ and 55.98％,respectively.Conclusion The clinical isolates of Acinetobacter Bauman strains mainly derived from respiratory tract specimen,and mainly distributed in ICU,the most infection people were from the older.The resistance rate of common drugs showed a significant increase in ten years,especially for cephalosporins and carbapenems.With the increase of multiple drug resistant strains,the monitoring of drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman and use of antibiotics rationally should be strengthened.

Objective To compare the Legionella contaminative status of the cooling water system with freezing water system in central air conditioning system. Methods Legionella was tested in water and samples of all components from the cooling tower, condenser, swelling water box and evaporator of central air conditioning among 26 public places. Results The total detected rate of Legionella was 64.0% among 100 samples from two kinds of water system, 71 strains of Pneumophila legionella were separated. The detected rates were 75.0% and 52.1% in the cooling water systems and freezing water systems respectively. The amount of Legionella was more than 100 per milliliter in the cooling water systems. The detection rate of cooling tower water and swelling water box water was 100% in the air conditioning system run for over 10 years and 5-10 years. Concordance rate of consequence was 50.0% in cooling tower water and condenser water of the cooling water systems, the rate was 55.0% in swelling water box water and evaporator water of the freezing water systems. Conclusion This study suggested that more attention should be paid to the contaminative status of Legionella in freezing water system of central air conditioning system. Cooling tower and swelling water box should be the key parts in cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning system.

The anti-inflammatory of waterand fat-soluble alkoloids of Leon-tice Kiagnanensis (WSALK, FSALK ) were described after sc of WSALK (150, 300 mg/kg ) and FSALK (13, 26mg/kg ) . The increased capillary permeability in abdominal cavity and skin of mice induced respectively by 0.7% HAc and histamin were inhibited abviously. WSALK (75, 150, 300mg/kg, ip ) and FSALK (6.5, 13, 26mg/Kg, ip ) markedly inhibited the ear inflammation induced by xylene in mice, carrageenin-iaduces swelling of the ankle in normal on adrenalecto-mized rats, and carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats. Both compound also inhibited the granuloma induced by cotton pellet after sc of WSALK 300, 600 mg/kg and FSALK 13, 26 mg/kg qd ? 7d.Both compound decreased the content of PGE in exudate formed after injecting carrageenin into the hind paw of rats. These results suggest that both compounds passesses the anti-inflammatory activity and their actions might be relatied to their inhibiting the synthesis or relase of pro-staglandin E. WSALK TI 9.35, FSALK TI 4.50.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and the effects of sevoflurane induced hypotension on balance of cerebral oxygen supply and consumption and on cerebral energy metabolism. Methods Forty patients undergoing elective procedures were randomly divided into three groups. Group Ⅰ :sevoflurane induced hypotension ; group Ⅱ: sevoflurane maintained normal arterial tension ; group Ⅲ: nitroprusside induced hypotension . In groupⅠ and Ⅲ MAP was decreased to 50%-60% of baseline ,was kept for 40 min either by sevoflurane inhalation or by nitroprusside infusion. MAP ,HR,ECG were monitored continuously, and radial arterial blood samples and jugular blood samples were taken synchronously for measuring blood gas and blood lactate ,SOD and MAD levels. Results In group Ⅰ during induced hypotension Da jvO 2 showed reduction ,but in group Ⅲ Da jvO 2 increased significantly. There were no significant changes in blood lactate level and in the cerebral arteriovenous differences of MAD and SOD in three groups.Conclusions The sevoflurane induced hypotension has no adverse effect on cerebral oxygen balance and the cerebral perfusion . The cerebral energy metabolism is well maintained . Sevoflurane can safely applied to controlled hypotension during cerebral neurosystem.

Objective To study in vitro ICAM 1 and P selectin expressions of endothelial cells treated with sera from intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods HUVEC were cultured and stimulated with sera, and the expression of ICAM 1 and P selectin by flow cytometry were measured. Results (1) The expressions of ICAM 1 of P selectin on the HUVEC surface after stimulation with sera from women with ICP were higher than those of without stimulation in normal pregnancy ( P

ve To assess the efficacy of chemolysis with collagenase injected into epidural space and the effects upon intervertebral disk and nerve roots. Methods Sixty-four healthy new Zealand rabbits of either sex, weighing 2.5-3.0kg were divided into four groups of sixteen each: group A, B, C and D. In group A and B herniation of disk was produced by injecting normal salin 0.1ml into the intervertebral disk after surgical resection of spine and posterior arch of L4_6, while in group C and D no herniation of disk was produced. In group A and C collagenase 300u( in normal saline 0.5ml) was injected into the epidural space at the level of L4-6, and in group B and D normal saline 0.5ml was injected into epidural space as control. Three animals from each group were sacrificed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th day after operation and intervertebral disk and nerve roots at the operation site were removed and fixed for light and electron microscopic examination. Sciatic nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was measured before operation and on 1st, 7th, 15th and 30th postoperative day. Results In group A the intervertebral disk was dissolved to some extent. In group B nerve roots were injured to different degree. In group A and C NCV was higher than normal on the 7th and 15th day after operation. Conclusions Collagenase may dissolve the herniated intervertebral disk but does not injure the nerve roots. It may increase NCV.

0.05). In captopril group MAP, HR and plasma ET concentration remained unchanged during intubation, but the plasma NO concentration was increased at intubation (T2) or (T3) and NO/ET ratio increased significantly at T2 as compared with the baseline (T1 ) . In control group MAP, HR and plasma ET concentration were increased significantly during intubation (P

Objective Based on dual channel melting curve analysis-based assay,we developed a method to rapidly detect the drug-resistant mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis through real-time PCR.Methods According to the common first-line drug-resistant mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,we designed six dual-labeled fluorescence probes to rapidly detect the drug-resistant mutations through realtime PCR melting curve after amplifications of drug-resistant related gene region of DNA.The targets include rpoB 81 bp core region,katG315,inhA promoter,ahpC promoter and embB306.To validate the sensitivity and specificity of our method,we performed real-time PCR assays to detect drug-resistant mutations in 76 clinical MDR-TB samples,which were collected by Shanghai CDC in 2008.Results In the validation,this method successfully detected drug-resistant mutations in all 76 clinical MDR-TB samples.The △Tm of mutations were from 1.8 to 14.4 ℃.Comparing with the sequencing data,all mutations covered by the six probes were detected with 100％ sensitivity and 100％ specificity (rpoB,80/80; inhA,7/7 ; katG315,59/ 59;ahpC,8/8;embB306,27/27).This method can successfully detect drug-resistant mutations from 100 copies/μl DNA samples.Conclusions A widely applicable real-time PCR assay to detect first line drug-resistant mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has benn developed.This method has proven to have the advantages of high sensitivity,specificity and low risk of contamination.It can be used in rapid diagnosis of clinical drug-resistant tuberculosis and the evaluation of laboratory drug sensitivity test.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively determine the prevalence of Ramp lesion (the peripheral attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus) of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus with concurrent anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) ruptures and analyze the relevant risk factors.MethodsFrom April 2002 to October 2007,868 consecutive knees were diagnosed as ACL injury and received arthroscopic surgery for ACL reconstruction(ACLR).All the patients were verified for the tears of Ramp area under arthroscopy.The prevalence of Ramp lesion was evaluated respectively.Then all cases were divided into different groups depending on the time interval from ACL injury to ACLR (TFI) and other relevant risk factors as age and gender.ResultsAmong 868 knees underwent surgery for ACLR,144 knees were diagnosed as Ramp lesion.The average age was 24.7 years,113 males,31 females.The mean TFI to ACLR was 29.3months.The prevalence of Ramp lesion was 16.59％,which was analyzed as logarithmic correlation with TFI.Patients younger than 30-year old and male patients had significant higher prevalence of Ramp lesion.ConclusionRamp lesion is a common meniscus injury that can occur at the time of ACL rupture or as a result of knee laxity associated with ACL insufficiency.The prevalence of Ramp lesion is 16.59％ which increases with time until 24 months after initial injury.Patients younger than 30-year old and male patients have higher prevalence of Ramp lesion.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency vi-rus (HIV) in Chongqing to provide the scientific basis for avoiding and reducing the HIV occupational exposures in the future . Methods All archival data of the exposed individuals came to our hospital for seeking post-exposure consultation and treatment during 2009-2012 were performed the classification and arrangement for conducting the descriptive analysis on the distribution characteristics of the age ,gender ,occupation ,working region ,exposure mode and severity of exposure .Results During this period , there were 135 cases of occupational exposure ,which ocurred in the medical institutions outside the main urban area (74 .18% ) , dominated by the nurses (57 .04% ) and doctors(33 .33% ) .21-30 years old (51 .85% ) and 31 -40 years old(33 .33% ) were the age groups with more occurrence of occupational exposure .The exposure routes were dominated by the sharp instrument injury (92 .59% ) and the exposure degree was mainly the secondary exposure ( 69 .63% ) .Conclusion The prevalence situation of HIV occupational exposure in Chongqing is stable in the total trend .The medical and health institutions outside main urban area should perfect the management system ,strengthen training ,put the standard prophylaxis principles to practice for reducing the occurrence of occupational exposure .