Objective:To evaluate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +45T→G in adiponectin gene exon 2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in Han population in Guangxi. Methods:Polymer-ase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the T-G polymorphism of adiponec-tin (exon 2) in 313 unrelated Han people from Guangxi including 95 normal glucose tolerance,103 impaired glucose tolerance and 115 type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results:In Han people of Guangxi, the SNP +45 GG genotype in adiponectin gene had significantly lower HDL-C levels than TT and TG genotypes in Han people(P<0. 05). The subjects with the GG genotype at position 45 had a signifi-cantly increased risk of IR (odds ratio of 2. 876[95%CI:1. 141-7. 248]) compared with those with the TT genotype at position 45. Conclusion:In Han people of Guangxi, the SNP +45 TT genotype in adiponectin gene has significantly higher HDL-C levels than GG genotype. The subjects with the GG genotype at position 45 have a significantly increased risk of IR compared with those with the TT genotype, while obesity and T2DM are independent on SNP+45 of adiponectin gene.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of ursolic acid on human hepatic stellate cells (HSC-LX-2) proliferation and its mechanism.Different doses of ursolic acid were incubated with HSC-LX-2 cellin vitrof or 48 h.MTT was used for the detection of HSC-LX-2 cell proliferation.The expressions of PDGF-ERK signaling pathway associated proteins were measured by western blot.The results showed that the proliferation of HSC- LX-2 cells was inhibited by ursolic acid in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibition rate of 20,30 and 40μmol·L-1 of ursolic acid was 9.1%,42.3% and 62.6%,respectively.The IC50 was 35.2μmol·L-1.After incubated with ursolic acid for 48 h,protein levels of PDGF-R and p-ERK in 30 and 40μmol·L-1 group were significantly decreased when compared with the normal group (P<0.05 orP<0.01),except the ERK protein.It was concluded that ursolic acid can inhibit HSC-LX-2 cell proliferation.Its mechanism may be related to the blockage of PDGF-ERK signaling pathway.

Objective To compare the Legionella contaminative status of the cooling water system with freezing water system in central air conditioning system. Methods Legionella was tested in water and samples of all components from the cooling tower, condenser, swelling water box and evaporator of central air conditioning among 26 public places. Results The total detected rate of Legionella was 64.0% among 100 samples from two kinds of water system, 71 strains of Pneumophila legionella were separated. The detected rates were 75.0% and 52.1% in the cooling water systems and freezing water systems respectively. The amount of Legionella was more than 100 per milliliter in the cooling water systems. The detection rate of cooling tower water and swelling water box water was 100% in the air conditioning system run for over 10 years and 5-10 years. Concordance rate of consequence was 50.0% in cooling tower water and condenser water of the cooling water systems, the rate was 55.0% in swelling water box water and evaporator water of the freezing water systems. Conclusion This study suggested that more attention should be paid to the contaminative status of Legionella in freezing water system of central air conditioning system. Cooling tower and swelling water box should be the key parts in cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning system.

A 2-month-old baby girl developed universal keratotic plaques soon after birth. Physical examination revealed well-defined, dark erythematous, keratotic plaques with thick scales and mild infiltration at the periorbital, perioral, perianal and vulvar regions, as well as deep fissures of both hands and feet covered with thick yellowish crusts. Another case was a 24-year-old female, the mother of the baby, who presented with hyperkeratotic plaques at perioral and perianal regions, congenital alopecia universalis, mutilation of fingers and toes with massive thick keratotic yellow crusts and scales. Histopathology of skin lesions from the gluteal region of the baby showed psoriasiform hyperplasia of the epidermis, slight inflammatory infiltration of dermal papillae and superficial dermal perivascular regions. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the positive staining for acidic keratin (AE1) in the prickle cell layer and granular layer and for CK10 in the upper prickle cell layer and granular layer. Electron microscopy showed increased cell space and decreased tonofilament. Both the baby girl and her mother were diagnosed with Olmsted syndrome.

Objectives To investigate etiology, clinical characteristics and outcome in children with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC). Methods Sixty-three pediatric patients with EPC were retrospectively analysed. The patients aged (5.53±3.65) years old, with brain CT scans or MRIs after diagnosis, basic laboratory tests, cerebrospinal lfuid analysis and electroencephalog-raphy. The average follow-up time was (22.19±21.19) months (6-72 months). Results The median duration of EPC was 11 days (1-180 days). The causes of EPC were inlfammatory and immune-mediation (36 cases, 57.14%, Rasmussen’s encephalitis included), metabolic disorders (8 cases, 12.70%), brain structure abnormalities (5 cases, 7.94%), vascular malformation (5 cases, 7.94%), dual causes (3 cases, 4.76%), post brain surgery (2 cases, 3.17%) and cryptogenic pathogenesis (4 cases, 6.35%). Neurological dysfunc-tions were observed in 44 cases (69.84%). Age, routine cerebrospinal lfuid abnormalities, the presence of inlfammation and im-mune mediated, EPC long duration, involving the right upper extremity were the risk factors of poor prognosis. Conclusions The most common causes of childhood EPC are inlfammation and immune-mediated central nervous system diseases. Patients with early age of onset, a great tendency of longer duration of EPC and cerebrospinal lfuid abnormalities, involving the right upper ex-tremity have a poor prognosis.

Objective To assess the clinicopathological and confocal microscopic features of porokeratosis.Methods This study included 186 patients with porokeratosis.The clinical and pathological findings from the patients were retrospectively analyzed.Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)was used to observe the lesions of disseminated superficial porokeratosis in 16 patients.Results Most of the patients had characteristic lesions of porokeratosis,i.e.,papules or plaques with a thread-like elevated border.Comoid lamella was observed in all of the cases,which was unassociated with sweat glands or hair follicles in most cases(171/186),and located in sweat pore or hair follicles in a few cases(15/186).There were dyskeratocytes as well as vacuolized and degenerated basal cells beneath the cornoid lamella.Varying amounts of lymphocytes and melanophages were observed in the superficial dermis.Amyloid was deposited in the papilla dermis in 2 cases.CLSM showed dyskeratocytes in a characteristic arcuate arrangement in spinous cell layer.Conclusions The CLSM images of porokeratosis are consistent with its histopathological manifestations,and CLSM may serve as a sensitive and specific noninvasive method for the diagnosis of porokeratosis.

Objective To investigate the changes in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in the livers of diabetic rats after exercise at different intensities.Methods Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (NC),a diabetic group (DM),a low intensity exercise group (LIE),a medium intensity exercise group (MIE) and a high intensity exercise group (HIE),each of 10.The control group was given a normal diet.Type 2 diabetes was induced in the others through feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet,as well as injecting a small dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally.The three exercising groups swam to 40％,70％ and 100％ of their exhaustion times once a day,6 d/w for 6 weeks.Due to infection,drowning and other reasons,only 8 rats in each of the DM,LIE and MIE groups,as well as 7 in the HIE group survived.After the intervention,body weight,liver weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were tested.The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA in the livers was tested using RT-PCR technology,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB protein in the liver was tested using immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the NC group,the average body weight and liver weight of the other four groups decreased significantly,while the FBG and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA and protein increased significantly.There were significant differences among the exercise groups with the lowest values in the MIE group.Conclusion Six weeks of aerobic exercise can reduce FBG and the level of expression of TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA and protein in the liver,at least in rats.The effect of exercise at medium intensity is best.

Objective To observe the effects of paeonol on collagen induced arthritis (CIA) and investigate its mechanisms. Methods The tentative arthritis mice model was created by injecting type Ⅱ collagen. The severity degree of RA was scored according to the rating criteria after treatment with paeonol. ELISA method was employed to detect the levels of IL-12, TNF-2, IFN-γ and anti-type Ⅱ collagen autoantibody. The efficacy of paeonol was compared with that of MTX (the positive control) and PBS was used as the negative control. Results We found that paeonol could alleviate severe RA, inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-2, IFN-γ and reduce the level of anti-type Ⅱ collagen autoantibody in serum, which was similar with MTX. Conclusion The results show that paeonol has a reliable therapeutic effect for RA. This study has provided a good clue for the future research and development of medications for the treatment of RA.

ObjectiveTo study the reasons and mechanism of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in chronic heart failure by using Losartan and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Methods The models of chronic heart failure were produced by injecting Adriamycin and Losartan as intervention agents, the expression of apoptotic protein Bax, Bcl-2 and channel protein ERK1, JNK1 and P38MAPK were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial ultrastructure are detected by transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL staining.Results Compared with the model group of heart failure, after Losartan treatment, the ultra structure of myocardial cells were significantly improved, Apoptosis index was decreased significantly (P <0.01), The level of Bax and JNK1 decreased (Bax χ~2=6.6149, P=0.0078; JNK1 q=22.0156,P<0.01). However, the expressions of ERK1 and Bcl-2 were significantly increased (ERK1 q=15.3514,P<0.01;Bcl-2 χ~2=6.81,P=0.0074).Conclusion The effect of Losartan on chronic heart failure is related closely with the pathway of ERK1 and JNK1, and no p38 MAPK pathway.