To observe the effect of hypotension induced by metoprolol and nitroglycerin (NTG) on the blood gas and hemodynamics. Method: 36 patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group Ⅰ with intravenous metoprolol and nitroglycerin infusion (n=18), group Ⅱ with intravenous nitroglycerin infusion (n=18), Result: As compared with those in group Ⅱ, in group Ⅰ NTG dosage decreased by 55.7%. The reflex heart rate augmentation was suppressed, after the discontinuance of drug, the blood pressure increased steadily, rate-pressure prod uct value dereased and hemodynamics was stable. The changes in PaO_2 and BE was significantly lower in group Ⅰ than those in group Ⅱ (P

Objective To comparatively study the characteristics of 3 kinds of culture substrates of human odontogenic induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs).Methods The human odontogenic iPSCs were cultured by 3 kinds of substrates:mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEF),matrigel and recombinant human vitronectin(VTN-N).The iPSCs growth situation was compared among three groups.Results The preparation time of these 3 kinds of substrates was 14,3,1 hlespectively,and,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The iPSCs reprogramming time was (30± 1.6),(26 ± 2.1),(27 ± 1.4) d,lespectively,wht that in the MEF group significantly higer than in other two groups (P＜0.05).The reprogramming efficiencies were 0.3 ％ ± 0.03 ％,0.56 ％ ± 0.08 ％,0.7 ％ ± 0.02 ％ respectively (P＜ 0.05).Three kinds of substrate could better support iPSCs growth and make them to maintain un-differentiation status.Conclusion with no heterologous animal components,and the adrantaga of simple pleparation,oonfrollable standard and shorter gramming time is easy to prepare,the standard is controllable and the reprogramming time is shorter,which is an ideal substrate for supporting iPSCs growth.

Objective To compare the growth characteristics,proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation capability of stem cells from human dental pulp (dental pulp stem cells,DPSCs) and apical papilla (stem cells from apical papilla,SCAP) in vitro.Methods Human dental pulp and apical papilla tissues were separated from impacted third molars of young healthy donors at the age of root development and digested by collagenase type Ⅰ and dispase type Ⅱ to derive primitive DPSCs and SCAP.Cells were then induced for osteo/odontongenic differentiation by medium containing β-glycerophosphate,dexamethasone and KH2PO4.Flow cytometry was utilized to test the expression of specific markers of stem cells,including CD24,CD34,CD45,CD90,CD105,CD146,STRO-1 and OCT-4.AR-S was used to display the mineralization structure and RT-PCR was applied to analyze the expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP),osteocalcin (OCN) and dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP).Results Both DPSCs and SCAP were positive for CD90,CD105,CD146,STRO-1 and OCT-4,in percentages varying according to cell type,without expression of CD34 or CD45.Only SCAP expressed CD24 positively.Both cells formed organized mineralization structure after 2 weeks of induction in time-dependent manner,with more mineralization by SCAP and expressed differentiation markers,including BSP,OCN and DSPP.Conclusion Human DPSCs and SCAP possess the characteristics of MSCs and could be differentiated into odontonblast-like cells in vitro.Both cells are approachable stem cell sources for dental tissue engineering.

Objective To explore the significances of expression of tumor associated macrophages ( TAMs) and its correlation with microvessel density ( MVD) in triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC) .Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TAMs and MVD expression in 108 TNBC tissues and to analyze the cor-relation between TAMs with clinicopathological features ,prognosis and MVD.Results The expression of TAMs was correlated with the tumor size,lymph node metastasis,histological grade,TNM stage and MVD,but had no statistically significant association with age .TAMs was correlated with 5 year disease free survival ( DFS) and over-all survival( OS);MVD was correlated with 5 year DFS, while no correlation with OS .Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TAMs was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with TNBC .Conclusion High infiltration of TAMs indicated poor survival rate for patients with TNBC .The infiltration of TAMs was a new,important risk factor for TNBC recurrence .TAMs were closely related to MVD ,by promoting tumor angiogen-esis,thereby promoting TNBC growth ,invasion and metastasis ,and further affect the prognosis of patients with TN-BC.

Node negative breast cancer is a prevalent form of breast cancer .With the improvement of breast cancer screening and disease awareness ,the rates of node negative breast cancer are gradually increasing . Although node negative breast cancer patients have much lower recurrence rates as compared with node positive patients,node-negative breast cancer is unequal to a low risk disease .Thus,it is important for oncologist to esti-mate the risk factors of node negative disease ,to carry out risk assessment and to guide the best regimen for these patients.In current review ,we discuss the value of traditional prognostic factors and new prognostic factors ,such as the urokinase -type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1,oncotype DX,MammaPrint and tumor associated macrophages ,on the predictive and treatment decisions in node negative breast cancer .

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of CSF-1 transport from dorsal root ganglion to spinal cord on activation of microglia in rats with neuropathic pain induced by vincristine. 【Methods】 A total of 54 male 10-12-week old SD rats with successful intrathecal catheterization, weighing 200-230 g, were divided into three groups according to the random number table method(n=18) : Control group(Control), Chemotherapy-induced Neuropathic Pain+intrathecal injection of IgG group(CINP), Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain+intrathecal injection of CSF-1 neutralizing antibody(CINP+anti). The animal model of CINP was established by intraperitoneal injection of vincristine 125 μg/kg on four alternate days. Mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia were evaluated by MWT and TWL, respectively. The expression of CSF-1 and microglial marker Iba1 were detected by immunofluorescence chemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA expression of CSF-1 and Iba1 was measured by RT-PCR. The expression TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by ELISA. 【Results】 Compared with Control group, MWT and TWL in CINP group decreased significantly on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day after the first injection of vincristine(P<0.01), MWT and TWL in CINP+anti group increased significantly on the 5th and 7th day compared with CINP group(P<0.01). Compared with Control group, the protein and mRNA expression of CSF-1 in DRG, the mRNA expression of Iba1 in spinal cord, the protein expression of CSF-1 and Iba1 in spinal cord, the immunofluorescence intensity of CSF-1 in DRG and Iba1 in spinal cord , and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in spinal cord were significantly up-regulated in CINP group(P<0.01, P<0.001). Compared with CINP group, the protein expression of CSF-1 in DRG and spinal cord, the protein and mRNA expression of Iba1 in spinal cord, the immunofluorescence intensity of spinal Iba1 and CSF-1 in DRG, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were obviously downregulated in CINP+anti group(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) . 【Conclusion】 The transport of CSF-1 from dorsal root ganglion to spinal cord is involved in the process of neuropathic pain induced by vincristine, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of microglia and inflammatory reaction in rat spinal cord.

Objective To analyze MRI features of different cervical flexion positions in Hirayama disease (HD) and discuss the effects on these features by different cervical flexion angles.Methods The cervical MR images of neutral and different flexion positions (20°, 25°, 30°, 35° ,40°) of 20 patients, who were clinically diagnosed as HD,were studied.At flexion positions, the appearance of anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the cervical dural canal and widening of epidural space was recorded.The maximum sagittal diameters (d) of widened cervical epidural space and the cervical canal sagittal diameters (D) on the same level were measured to calculate d/D value for quantitative evaluation of the two signs.Comparisons of appearance of the signs among different flexion positions were made using F/sher's exact test.Repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) was used to compare mean d/D values among groups with different positions, and paired comparisons were also performed.Results The appearance of anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the cervical dural canal were different between 20° group (70%, 14/20) and other 4 larger angles groups (100%) (χ2 =5.76, P=0.020).The d/D values were 0.51±0.06,0.54±0.08,0.57±0.09,0.61±0.09,0.59±0.07 respectively at abovementioned 5 flexion positions, which were different among groups( F = 3.450 ,P = 0.013 ).The value was greater at 35° than that at 20° and 25°( P <0.05 ), and it was also greater at 40° than that at 20° ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Cervical flexion angle has an effect on anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the cervical dural canal and widening of epidural space.

Objective To investigate the expression of matrixmetalloprotein -9(MMP-9)and E-cad-herin in triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC) and its relationship with the clinicopathologic features of TNBC .To analyze the function of MMP -9 and E-cadherin in TNBC .Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MMP -9 and E-cadherin in 127 cases of TNBC.Results The MMP-9 positive rate was 53.54%and E-cadherin positive grade was 32.28%in TNBC.Expression of MMP-9 was correlated with tumor size(P=0.007),histological grade(P=0.006),TNM stage(P=0.003),lymph node metastasis(P=0.000)and lymph duct invasive(P=0.000).Expression of E-cadherin was correlated with lymph node metasta-sis(P=0.016)and lymph duct invasive(P=0.015).However,they were not correlated with other factors .Con-clusion The expression of MMP -9 and E -cadherin was correlated with invasion and metastasis in TNBC , which could be an important research topic in the future studies .

Objective To study a histopathological classification system for hippocampal cell loss in patients suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Fifty-one surgically resected specimens were microscopically examined with respect to neuronal cell loss in hippocampal subfields CA1—CA4.Clinical data including age at first seizure,with or without initial precipitating injuries (IPIs),latecy,epilepsy duration,Engel score of half and one year after surgery were collected to analyse the clinical characteristics between different pathological types.Eight additional hippocampal specimens obtained from neurologically healthy autopsies served as controls.Results (1)Five distinct patterns were recognized within a consecutive cohort of anatomically well-preserved surgical specimens.Type 1 a (21/51,41.18 ％):severe cell loss in CA1 and moderate neuronal loss in all other subfields excluding CA2; Type 1b(18/51,35.2％):severe cell loss in all sectors; Type 2(9/51,17.65％):severe neuronal loss restricted to sector CA1 ;Type 3 (1/51,1.96％):severe neuronal loss restricted to the hilar region; no mesial temporal sclerosis (2/51,3.92％):a group comprised hippocampi with neuronal cell densities not significantly different from age matched autopsy controls.(2)The patients of type 1 a and 1 b had younger age of first onset,longer latency and duration,more frequency of IPIs,the proportion of ourrence of febrile seizures in type 1a was 10/19,type 1b was 7/16,type 2 was 4/7,type 3 was 0 (x2 =11.790,P =0.019).(3) The patients of type 1a and 1 b had better postsurgical outcome.Conclusion Type 1 is the most common type of mesial temporal sclerosis,which have better postsurgical outcome than the other 3 types.

Objective To assess the accuracy of mixed venous oxygen saturation ( S(-v)O2 ) in reflecting the change in CO during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) .Methods Twenty-five NYHA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients of both sexes, aged 50-75 yr, weighing 55-85 kg, undergoing OPCABG, were studied. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, etomidate and pipecuronium and maintained with propofol infusion and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and pipecuronium supplemented with isoflurane if necessary. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8-10 ml/kg, RR 8-10 bpm, I:E 1:2). PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.Radial artery was cannulated and pulmonary catheter was placed. CI, S(-v)O2 and Hb were monitored and recorded before skin incision, during anastomosis with left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA)and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), when the chest was closed, when the patients' body position was changed and the heart was manipulated. S(-v)O2 and CI were scaled immediately after the pulmonary artery catheter was placed and before anastomosing LAD. Results The CO change in S(-v)O2 was real-time and accurate in reflecting the body positioning and elevation of hearts. There was no simultaneous significant change in CI.Conclusion The CO change in S(-v)O2 is real-time and accurate in reflecting the body positioning and elevation of hearts during OPCABG.