Objective To develop a suitable extraction and purification method for detecting the residue of 20 kinds of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in suppositories of Chinese medicinal materials which are made of fat-soluble bases.Methods Different methods were applied for the extraction, and GPC was used for the purification of the sample Huazhi Shuan, and then the residue contents of OCPs were determined by GC- ECD method.20 kinds of OCPs were added to the samples and the feasibilities of the methods were evaluated by the obtained recovery. The established method were used in the analysis of the residue of OCPs in other Chinese herbal suppositories.Results The recovery and the reproducibility of this method met the requirements for the analysis of pesticides residues. Conclusion This developed method may provide reference for the detection of organochlorine pesticides residue in these kinds of Chinese medicinal preparations.

Objective To develop a suitable solid-phase extraction(SPE)method for the further purification of the test solu- tion in suppositories of Chinese medicinal materials which are made of lipid soluble bases,and to detect the residues of 20 kinds of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs).Methods Different kinds of SPE columns were selected and several elution solvents were used for the purification of the sample of herbal medicine of Huazhi Shuan,and then the residue contents of OCPs were determined by GC-ECD method.Twenty kinds of OCPs were added into the samples and the efficacy of the methods were eval- uated by the obtained recoveries.Results The recoveries of the 20 kinds of OCPs being detected were basically comply with the requirements for the analysis of pestiside residues.Conclusion After the tested solution is obtained from GPC column and is further purified through florisil SPE column,the impurity can be removed and the high accuracy of the quantitative analysis of the compounds can be achieved.

Objective To study the characteristics and clinical significance of the coronary plaques in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods A total of 91 patients undergoing coronary artery angiography (CAG) were selected and divided into two groups according to with or without BPH,56 cases in BPH group,46 cases in control group.The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of 102 lesions area were analyzed by intravascular ultrosound (IVUS),including external elastic membrane-cross-sectional area (EEM-CSA),minimal lumen area (MLA),plaques area (PA),plaques burden (PB),reference external elastic membrane-cross-sectional area (REEM-CSA),reference minimal lumen area (RMAL),reference plaques area (RPA) and reference plaques burden (RPB).Results IVUS showed a higher rate of area stenosis than did the CAG [(58.2± 7.1)％ vs.(55.9 ± 5.2)％,P＜0.01].BPH group had more soft plaques,eccentric plaques,positive remodeling and less calcified than did the control group (P＜0.05).The MLA and RMAL of BPH group were smaller than those of control group:MAL [(5.61±0.96) mm2 vs.(6.06±0.75) mm2,P＜0.05],RMAL[(9.26±1.05) mm2 vs.(10.02±1.10) mm2,P＜0.05]； while the EEM-CSA,PA,PB,RPA,RPB were larger than those of control group:EEM-CSA[(14.51±1.10)mm2 vs.(13.37±1.02)mm2],PA[(8.90±1.24) mm2 vs.(7.31±1.04) mm2],PB[(61.26±6.53)％ vs.(54.53±5.69)％],RPA[(4.26±1.15) mm2 vs.(3.73±1.33) mm2],RPB [(31.30±8.37) ％ vs.(26.81±8.75) ％,P＜0.05].Conclusions IVUS has a higher value on evaluation of mild to moderate coronary artery stenosis.Evidence of myocardial ischemia in patients with BPH needs further excludeing coronary heart disease.

Objective:The development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the plateau area is relatively backward.There is a lack of system to analyze the effects of the special environment of plateau low pressure and hypoxia on human meridians qi and blood,as well as the etiology and pathogenesis of plateau hypoxic diseases.To analyze the composition rules of anti-hypoxia TCM formulation with data mining methods. Methods:The experimental literatures related to high altitude hypoxia were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Med Online,VIP,China Biology Medicine disc and other databases,a standardized prescription database was established after screening and standardization of prescription data in the literature.The composition rules of these prescription including drug frequency,drug attributes,drug efficacy,drug combination,and core prescription were analyzed and displayed with visual charts. Results:A total of 135 TCM prescriptions were included,and 229 flavored drugs were included.Among these prescriptions,the TCM with high frequency of use were Astragalus,Danshen,Ginseng,and Angelica,etc.Four natures of the TCM were mostly warm and calm.Five flavours of the TCM were mostly sweet,bitter,and pungent.And channel tropism of the TCM mostly entered the heart,lung,and liver meridians.The frequency combination of TCM was Astragalus-Danshen and Astragalus-Angelica.The core medicines of these prescriptions were Astragalus,Danshen,Angelica,Rhodiola,Goji,and Ginseng.TCM could alleviate symptoms such as chest tightness,chest pain,coughing and wheezing,coughing,vomiting,fatigue,and loss of appetite caused by hypoxia at high altitude. Conclusion:Through data mining,it is concluded that the prevention or treatment of plateau hypoxic diseases mostly utilized products can nourish blood,replenish qi and dispel stasis,and help yang and dispel qi,most of them are compatible with qi tonic drugs and blood circulation and stasis dissolving drugs,and pay attention to the combination of virtual and real,yin and yang.

With the rapid outbreak of COVID-19, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been playing an active role against the epidemic. However, the screening of TCM is limited by the development cycle and laboratory conditions, which greatly limits the screening speed. This study established optimization docking models and virtual screening to discovery potential active herbs for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus based on molecular docking technology. The crystal structures of 3 CL protease(Mpro) and papain-like protease(PLP) were obtained from PDB database and homologous modeling respectively, and were used to conduct virtual screening of TCMD 2009 database by CDOCKER program. The ingredients scored in the top 100 were selected respectively, and the candidate herbs were ranked by the numbers of hit molecules. Based on Mpro inhibitors screening, 12 322 potential active components were obtained, and the representative active components included aster pentapeptide A, ligustrazine, salvianolic acid B, etc., and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Dianthi Herba, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Cistanches Herba were obtained. While 11 294 potential active ingredients were obtained by PLP inhibitor screening, representative active ingredients included gingerketophenol, ginkgol alcohol, ferulic acid, etc., and Codonopsis Radix, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Ginkgo Semen, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Psoraleae Fructus, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix were chosen. By combining the diagnosis and treatment scheme of Hunan province's and angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) inhibitors screening from literature, present study also discussed the rational application of candidate herbs to this epidemic situation. Trichosanthis Fructus obtained by PLP inhibitors screening and Fritillaria verticillata obtained by ACE2 inhibitors screening were parts of the Sangbei Zhisou Powder and Xiaoxianxiong Decoction, which might be applicable to the syndromes of cough and dyspnea. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma screened by Mpro and Trichosanthis Fructus screened by PLP were contained in Maxing Shigan Decoction and Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction, and could be applied to the syndromes of epidemic virus blocking lung. Mori Folium, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus obtained by ACE2 inhibitors screening were included in the Sangju Decoction and Yinqiaosan, which might be applicable to the syndromes of warm pathogen attacking lung and cough and dyspnea. The results of this study are intended to provide a reference for the further development of traditional Chinese medicine to deal with the new epidemic.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Betacoronavirus/drug effects* ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment

Since the outbreak of 2019-nCoV, the epidemic has developed rapidly and the situation is grim. LANCET figured out that the 2019-nCoV is closely related to "cytokine storm". "Cytokine storm" is an excessive immune response of the body to external stimuli such as viruses and bacteria. As the virus attacking the body, it stimulates the secretion of a large number of inflammatory factors: interleukin(IL), interferon(IFN), C-X-C motif chemokine(CXCL) and so on, which lead to cytokine cascade reaction. With the exudation of inflammatory factors, cytokines increase abnormally in tissues and organs, interfering with the immune system, causing excessive immune response of the body, resulting in diffuse damage of lung cells, pulmonary fibrosis, and multiple organ damage, even death. Arachidonic acid(AA) metabolic pathway is principally used to synthesize inflammatory cytokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), IL, IFN, etc., which is closely related to the occurrence, development and regression of inflammation. Therefore, the inhibition of AA metabolism pathway is benefit for inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors in the body and alleviating the "cytokine storm". Based on the pharmacophore models of the targets on AA metabolic pathway, the traditional Chinese medicine database 2009(TCMD 2009) was screened. The potential herbs were ranked by the number of hit molecules, which were scored by pharmacophore fit value. In the end, we obtained the potential active prescriptions on "cytokine storm" according to the potential herbs in the "National novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan(trial version sixth)". The results showed that the hit components with the inhibitory effect on AA were magnolignan Ⅰ, lonicerin and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside, which mostly extracted from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Arctii Fructus, Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma, Paeoniaeradix Rubra, Dioscoreae Rhizoma. Finally the anti-2019-nCoV prescriptions were analyzed to obtain the potential active prescriptions on AA metabolic pathway, Huoxiang Zhengqi Capsules, Jinhua Qinggan Granules, Lianhua Qingwen Capsules, Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Xuebijing Injection, Reduning Injection and Tanreqing Injection were found that may prevent 2019-nCoV via regulate cytokines. This study intends to provide reference for clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine to resist new coronavirus.
Arachidonic Acid/metabolism* ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology* ; Cytokines/immunology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of hypoxic and hypobaric conditions on blood gas and erythrocyte-related indicators in rats. METHODS: SD male rats were exposed to low-pressure hypoxic conditions simulating an altitude of 6500 m in a small or a large experimental cabin. Abdominal aortic blood samples were collected and blood gas indicators, red blood cells (RBCs) count, and hemoglobin (Hb) content were measured. The effects of exposure to different hypoxia times, different hypoxia modes, normal oxygen recovery after hypoxia, and re-hypoxia after hypoxia preconditioning on blood gas indicators, RBCs count and Hb content were investigated. RESULTS: The effect of blood gas indicators was correlated with the length of exposure time of hypoxia and the reoxygenation after leaving the cabin. Hypoxia caused acid-base imbalance and its severity was associated with the duration of hypoxia; hypoxia also led to an increase in RBCs count and Hb content, and the increase was also related to the time exposed to hypoxia. The effects of reoxygenation on acid-base imbalance in rats caged in a small animal cabin were more severe that those in a large experimental cabin. Acetazolamide alleviated the effects of reoxygenation after leaving the cabin. Different hypoxia modes and administration of acetazolamide had little effect on RBCs count and Hb content. Normal oxygen recovery can alleviate the reoxygenation and acid-base imbalance of hypoxic rats after leaving the cabin and improve the increase in red blood cell and hemoglobin content caused by hypoxia. The improvement of hypoxia preconditioning on post hypoxia reoxygenation is not significant, but it can alleviate the acid-base imbalance caused by hypoxia in rats and to some extent improve the increase in red blood cell and hemoglobin content caused by hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Due to excessive ventilation and elevated RBCs count and Hb content after hypoxia reoxygenation, oxygen partial pressure and other oxygenation indicators in hypoxic rats are prone to become abnormal, while blood gas acid-base balance indicators are relatively stable, which are more suitable for evaluating the degree of hypoxia injury and related pharmacological effects in rats.
Rats ; Animals ; Male ; Acetazolamide ; Hypoxia ; Oxygen ; Erythrocytes ; Hemoglobins ; Acid-Base Imbalance

BACKGROUNDCritically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) due to respiratory failure are at particularly high risk of Aspergillus infection. The serum galactomannan index (GMI) has proven to be one of the prognostic criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in classical immunocompromised patients. However, the prognostic value of serum GMI in critically ill COPD patients needs evaluation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of serum GMI in patients with severe COPD.

METHODSIn this single-center prospective cohort study, serum samples for GMI assay were collected twice a week from the first day of ICU admission to the day of the patients' discharge or death. Patients were divided into two groups according to their clinical outcome on the 28th day of their ICU admission. Univariate analysis and survival analysis were tested in these two groups.

RESULTSOne hundred and fifty-three critically ill COPD patients were included and were divided into survival group (106 cases) and non-survival group (47 cases) according to their outcome. Univariate analysis showed that the highest GMI level during the first week after admission (GMI-high 1st week) was statistically different between the two groups. Independent prognostic factors for poor outcome in severe COPD patients were: GMI-high 1st week >0.5 (RR: 4.04, 95% CI: 2.17-7.51) combined with accumulative dosage of corticosteroids >216 mg before the RICU admission (RR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.11-4.56) and clearance of creatinine (Ccr) ≤ 64.31 ml/min (RR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.22 ± 5.07).

CONCLUSIONSThe positive GMI-high 1st week (>0.5) combined with an accumulative dosage of corticosteroids >216 mg before the ICU admission and a low Ccr may predicate a poor outcome of critically ill COPD patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Male ; Mannans ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; blood ; etiology ; pathology