AIM: To investigate the relationship between chloride channels and the Ca 2+influx induced by adrendine(Adr). METHODS: The effects of drugs on Adr-induced Ca 2+influx were investigated with Fura-2 fluorescence technique. RESULTS: Adr-induced Ca 2+influx was inhibited by nifedipine,SK&F96365,NFA and furosemide in a concentration manner respectively; Ca 2+influx could be further inhibited by NFA or furosemide after the maximal inhibition by SK&F96365;SK&F96365 also could further inhibit the Ca 2+influx which had been inhibited by NFA or furosemide. Genistein and vanadate could reduce or increase the Ca 2+influx respectively. CONCLUSION: Ca 2+influx induced by Adr is related to VDC and ROC, and chloride channels involves in the processes.The levels of tyrosine phosphoralation affect the Ca 2+influx.

Objective To analyze the genetic characterization of VP1 region of Coxsackie virus A10(CVA10)isolated from clinical specimens of hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) patients in Shandong Province. Methods Clinical specimens were collected from some of HFMD patients from 2008 to 2009. The virus was isolated by cell culture. Total RNA was extracted, and the VP1 genes of the isolates were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The genotypes were identified by molecular typing method and bioinformatics analysis.Homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis of representative CVA10 strains were performed.Homologous comparison between the Shandong isolates and strains obtained from GenBank were performed and phylogenetic analysis of some representative CVA10 strains were performed. Results Three hundred and thirty viruses strains were isolated from 760 clinical specimens collected from HFMD patients, and 17 of them were identified as CVA10. The homologies of nucleotide and amino acid of the 17 CVA10 strains were 82.3%-100.0% and 94.2%-100.0%, respectively. Compared with the prototype strain of CVA10 (Kowalik/USA/2003), the homologies of nucleotide and amino acid were 75.6%-76.8% and 90.2%-93.2%, respectively. Interestingly, Shandong CVA10 strains were clustered into two distinct subgroups in the phylogenetic tree. Conclusions CVA10 is one of the causative agents of HFMD. Two independently circulating subgroups of CVA10 exist in Shandong province.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuang’s Moxibustion plus acupuncture in treating spastic paralysis due to craniocerebral injury.Method Ninety-two patients with spastic paralysis due to craniocerebral injury were randomized into a treatment group of 60 cases and a control group of 32 cases. The control group was intervened by conventional internal medicine and rehabilitation, while the treatment group was intervened by Zhuang’s moxibustion plus acupuncture in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was adopted to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Result The total effective rate was 75.0% in the treatment group versus 65.6% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion Zhuang’s moxibustion plus acupuncture is an effective approach in treating spastic paralysis due to craniocerebral injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by intense exercise. Methods Data on patients with rhabdomyolysis and AKI due to intense military exercise from January 2002 to December 2017 in a single Chinese nephrology center were retrospectively reviewed. Parameters included clinical manifestations, markers of renal function and muscle damage, treatment and prognosis. Results Twenty-two male servicemen with AKI caused by rhabdomyolysis were included. They took part in the military running training before onset. 95.5％(21/22) took part in 5-kilometer race, of which cross-country was 86.4％(19 cases) and bare-handed was 9.1％(2 cases). Most cases occurred in summer, in which 72.7％(16 cases) took part in 5-kilometer cross-country race. The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and creatine kinase (CK) significantly increased in patients, with 9.1％(2 cases) reaching AKI stage 1, 31.8％ (7 cases) reaching AKI stage 2, and 59.1％ (13 cases) reaching AKI stage 3, respectively. Serum CK levels were positively correlated with AKI stage (r=0.453, P<0.05), Scr (r=0.494, P<0.05) and BUN (r=0.545, P<0.01), while negatively correlated with UA (r=-0.487, P<0.05). Serum LDH levels were positively correlated only with age (r=0.533, P<0.05). Serum UA presented inverse correlations with BUN (r=- 0.513, P<0.05), K+ (r=- 0.642, P<0.01) and CK (r=- 0.487, P<0.05), and positive correlation with age (r=0.431, P<0.05). In particular, duration from onset of disease had a stronger positive association with BUN (r=0.907, P<0.01) and Scr (r=0.690, P<0.01). Of these patients with AKI, 21 cases(95.5％) reached complete recovery of kidney function and 1 case (4.5％) changed to chronic renal failure within 3 months after comprehensive treatments , including 8 cases(36.4％) who received appropriate continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Conclusions Intense exercise in summer is likely to cause rhabdomyolysis and AKI. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment including appropriate blood purification are crucial for a successful treatment. Our findings also emphasize the importance of age on muscle injury and the monitoring of electrolysts, markers of muscle damage and renal function for prevention of rhabdomyolysis and its related complications.

Objective To investigate the effects of methionine restriction(MR)on macrophages in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI)and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods According to the random number table method,36 male C57BL/6J mice(6～8 weeks old,23±2 g)were divided into 3 groups with 12 mice in each group:the sham group,the LPS group and the LPS+MR group.HE staining and pathological scoring of lung injury were performed in lung tissues.The expression of LPS-binding protein(LBP)and Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4)was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Macrophage-colony stimulating factor(M-CSF),granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)and chemokine C-C motif ligand 3(CCL3)which are all macrophage-associated chemokines were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the sham group,the pathological score of lung injury in the LPS group was significantly increased(P＜0.01);The mRNA and protein expression levels of LBP and TLR4 were significantly increased;The number of positive cells of CD11b,F4/80,M-CSF,GM-CSF and CCL3 were significantly increased(P＜0.01).MR significantly improved LPS-induced ALI,and decreased the pathological score of lung injury(P＜0.01);The mRNA and protein expression levels of LBP and TLR4 were decreased;Compared with the LPS group,the number of positive cells of CD11 b,F4/80,M-CSF,GM-CSF and CCL3 were reduced in the LPS+MR group(P＜0.01).Conclusion MR could attenuate LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the expression of macrophage chemokines and preventing infiltration and activation of macrophage to lungs.

Objective This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary substances (MDS) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diet therapy during rehabilitation, in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) reduce sequelae and improve their life quality. Methods The official websites of the national and provincial health committees, the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the China BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords, such as “coronavirus” “novel coronavirus pneumonia” “COVID-19” “protocol” “guideline” “consensus” and “rehabilitation period”. The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31, 2022. The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out. The information on the frequency, property, flavor, meridian tropism, and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance. Results A total of 18 protocols were screened out, including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy, and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19. Among them, six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites, 26 from local government websites, and 24 from social and academic institution websites. The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery, lung-spleen Qi deficiency, deficiency of both Qi and Yin, spleen-stomach weakness, deficiency of Yang Qi, kidney Qi deficiency, and blood deficiency. Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) and Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen), followed by Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) were used most commonly in MDS, with mainly flat property, sweet flavor, and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism. Besides, deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS. Through association rule analysis, 12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained. The pair of Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) had the highest Lift value, and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors. The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Fuling (Poria), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus). Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis, including the category of strengthening spleen, nourishing kidney, and grasping Qi, the category of removing phlegm, abating panting, and regulating Qi, and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi. Conclusion Based on the TCM theory, most patients during the rehabilitation of COVID-19 are in a state of lingering pathogens due to deficient vital Qi. TCM diet therapy is based on the principle of “giving both reinforcing and reducing treatment”, and the MDS combinations focus on both reinforcing the health Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. The diet therapy mainly uses the MDS with flat property and sweet flavor, which belongs to deficiency-tonifying drugs, adding suitable MDS of pathogen-eliminating drugs according to different situations. The ultimate goal is to promote lung inflammation absorption, improve pulmonary fibrosis, increase immunity, reduce the occurrence of sequelae, and improve life quality.