Objective To investigate the change rule and correlation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/carbon monoxide(CO)and the influence of simvastatin and amlodipine in athemsclemtic progress.Methods The rabbits received 1％cholesterol diet(n=24)for eight weeks.After eight weeks,rabbits were fed with normal diet for eight weeks.The rabbits in model group(n=8)were administrated with cholesterol diet.The rabbits in simvastatin group(n=8)were administrated with simvastatin.The rabbits in amlodipine group(n=8)were administrated with amlodipine.The levels of serum lipids and plasma carbon monoxide were obtained at the beginning,the 8th week and the 16th week.The expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the thoraoia aortic tissue were observed with immunohistochemistry technique.Results By the end of 16th week,the levels ofserum lipids and plasma carbon monoxide in model group were obviously increased,however,the expression of heine oxygenase-1 were markedly decreased.Compared with model group.The levels～rurfl lipi&and plasma carbon monoxide in simvastatin group were significantly decreased,while the expression of heme oxysenase-1 in aortic great reduced.The levels flerum lipids in amlodipine group were not significant ckmged,the levels of plasma carbon monoxide were obviously decreased,while tlle expression ofheine oxygenase-1 in aortic great reduced.Conclusions In atheresclerofic progress,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/carbon monoxide(CO)appared the reciprocal relationship,and amlodipine may suppress athemsclemtie progress by decreasing the system.

Mechanical ventilation is a commonly used clinical life support technology. While providing patients with life support can also cause complications of mechanical ventilation. Therefore, the machine should be removed in time when the patients' primary disease is cured or improved. Foreign research proves that nurse-led programmed weaning has many advantages compared with traditional doctor-led weaning, but there are a little researches in China. This article summarizes the development process, development status, advantages, limitations and prospects of nurse-led programmed weaning in mechanical ventilation patients, aiming at providing a reference for the development of nurse-led programmed weaning in China.

With the improvement of survival rate and survival years of pediatric heart transplant recipients, the health related quality of life (HRQL) has gradually become one of the indicators to evaluate the long-term outcome of pediatric heart transplant recipients. But at present, there are few domestic related studies, which are still in the research of perioperative nursing, postoperative survival rate and its influencing factors, and pay little attention to postoperative HRQL. This paper aims to review the current situation, influencing factors, limitations and prospects of HRQL level of pediatric heart transplantation recipients, so as to provide reference for research in this field.

Objective:To explore the correlation between liver shear wave velocity(Vs) measured with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging technique and serum fibrosis indexes and its application in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and Child‐Pugh scoring for cirrhosis .Methods:The liver Vs value measured with ARFI technique of 150 patients with liver cirrhosis (ob‐servation group) and 50 healthy volunteers(control group) who visited Shanghai Dahua Hospital in Xuhui District during Jul 2013 and Jul 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .The 150 patients with liver cirrhosis were set as observation group and further divided into Class A(n=50) ,Class B(n=50) and Class C(n=50) according to Child‐Pugh scoring system .The 50 healthy vol‐unteers were set as control group .Serum fibrosis indexes testing ,including hyaluronic acid(HA) and laminin(LN) ,procollagenⅢ(PCⅢ) and collagenⅣ (Ⅳ‐C) ,were performed in all subjects .Differences between the observation group and the control group regarding indexes were compared by using independent sample t‐test .Pearson correlation analysis and receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were conducted between Vs and four serum indexes in the observation group .Results:The values of Vs ,HA ,LN ,PCⅢ and Ⅳ‐C in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0 .01) .Fur‐thermore ,the Vs value in the observation group demonstrated positive correlation with HA ,LN ,PCⅢ and Ⅳ‐C ,and the corre‐lation coefficients were 0 .672 ,0 .672 ,0 .765 and 0 .568 ,respectively(P<0 .01) .Area under ROC curve of the values of Vs and serum inedxes were 0 .85 0 .65 ,0 .71 ,0 .63 ,0 .73 in Class A ,0 .93 ,0 .83 ,0 .86 ,0 .84 ,0 .80 in Class B ,and 0 .99 ,0 .94 ,0 .85 , 0 .95 ,0 .94 in Class C ,respectively .Conclusions:Vs ,a non‐invasive marker for liver elasticity and stiffness ,is significantly correlated with serum fibrosis indexes .Its sensitivity and specificity are superior to those of four serum fibrosis indexes .It could provide qualitative analysis for evaluating the severity of liver cirrhosis ,so as to offer valuable evidence for further clinical treat‐ment .

Color is an important indicator for evaluating the ornamental traits of horticultural plants, and plant pigments is a key factor affecting the color phenotype of plants. Plant pigments and their metabolites play important roles in color formation of ornamental organs, regulation of plant growth and development, and response to adversity stress. It has therefore became a hot topic in the field of plant research. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a vital genomics tool that specifically reduces host endogenous gene expression utilizing plant homology-dependent defense mechanisms. In addition, VIGS enables characterization of gene function by rapidly inducing the gene-silencing phenotypes in plants. It provides an efficient and feasible alternative for verifying gene function in plant species lacking genetic transformation systems. This paper reviews the current status of the application of VIGS technology in the biosynthesis, degradation and regulatory mechanisms of plant pigments. Moreover, this review discusses the potential and future prospects of VIGS technology in exploring the regulatory mechanisms of plant pigments, with the aim to further our understandings of the metabolic processes and regulatory mechanisms of different plant pigments as well as improving plant color traits.
Plant Viruses/genetics* ; Plants/genetics* ; Gene Silencing ; Plant Development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetic Vectors