Osteoclast is one of the basic function cells involved in bone metabolism during the process of bone remodeling.Osteoclasts are responsible for destruction and absorption of the old bone tissue.Thus,a tiny change of osteoclast apoptosis may change the process of bone remodeling.Osteoclast apoptosis is regulated by many factors including estrogen,bisphosphonates and so on.However,fewer researches on effect of mechanical loading on the biological activity of osteoclasts has been carried out.In this paper,the effect of mechanical loading on the biological activity of osteoclasts and its regulation on apoptosis of cells and osteoclast are reviewed.

Objective To investigate the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1?) and its relation with secondary brain damage in perihematomal issue in human intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Perihematomal brain issue were collected in the course of evacuation of hematoma in 32 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Expressions of HIF-1? were observed by immunohistochemistry and the neuronal apoptosis were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transterrase mediate dUIP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and HE staining. Results HIF-1? protein immunohistochemical staining positive cells ((2.8?0.8)/HP) were identified dispersedly from 4 h after acute hemorrhagic stroke in perihematomal brain issue, and reached the peak at 24—48 h ((12.5?3.9)/HP). The expressions of HIF-1? kept high at 49—72 h ((12.2?1.8)/HP) after acute hemorrhagic stroke. Nervous cells and vascular endothelium cells had been swelled at 4 h after acute hemorrhagic stroke. TUNEL positive cells appeared from 12 h ((11.2?4.1)/HP), increased markedly at 24—48 h ((29.7?8.4)/HP), and reached the peak ((33.2?4.3)/HP) at 49—72 h after acute hemorrhagic stroke. There was a statistically significant correlation between HIF-1? expressions and TUNEL positive cells (r=0.788, t=7.02, P

Objective To discuss the cause, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of bladder and urethra leiomyoma combined with uterine leiomyoma. Methods The clinical data of 5 patients with bladder and urethra leiomyoma combined with uterine leiomyoma was analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent surgical treatment, 3 cases were treated with enucleation of bladder leiomyoma, 1 case was treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), 1 case was treated with enucleation of urethra leiomyoma,at the same time all patients were underwent hysteromyoma surgery, 1 case was treated with enucleation of partial uterine, 4 cases were treated with enucleation of hysteromyoma. Results Pathology examination showed that 4 cases were bladder leiomyoma, 1 case was urethra leiomyoma,5 cases combined with uterine leiomyoma. Patients were followed up 1-3 years,no tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusions Bladder and urethra leiomyoma is a kind of benign non-epithelial tumor without specific symptom,clinical rare,often merging with uterine leiomyoma, ultrasonography ,CT and cystoscopy scan could be main techniques for diagnosis mainly with surgical resection,prognosis is good. From clinical discovery bladder leiomyoma must notice patient whether at the same time merges with uterine leiomyoma.

Objective To study the relationship between the serum levels of thyroid hormone and the degree of the congestive heart failure as well as the effects of thyroxine on elderly patients with chronic severe congestive heart failure(CHF). Methods 140 cases were divided into group A (60 cases of CHF classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and group B (80 cases of CHF classes Ⅲ and Ⅳ) according to the NYHA classification of severity of heart failure. The group B was divided into the observation group (50 cases) and the control group (30 cases) . All patients were treated with conventional methods and thyroxine 20-40 ?g every morning was added in the observation group for 4 weeks. The serum FT 3 ,FT 4 ,TSH,HR,echocardiography and heart function were examined before and after treatment. Results ⑴ Both group A and B had lower base line serum FT 3 and FT 4 ,which were significantly lower in the group B than those in the group A 〔FT 3 : (4.22?0.61) pmol/L vs(3.07?1.10)pmol/L,P

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity of patient-specific volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) quality assurance (QA) to minor multileaf collimator (M LC) positioning errors.Methods Systematic multileaf collimator (MLC) positioning errors (+0.5 mm,+ 1 mm and +2 mm) were introduced into the clinical VMAT patient plans with 2 types of MLC positioning errors:systematic MLC gap width errors and systematic MLC shift errors for 6 cases,including 3 cases with prostatic cancer and 3 cases with nasopharyngeal cancer.The planar dose distributions of the original and modified plans were measured using ArcCheck array.The coincidence between the measured results and the calculated results was evaluated using both absolute distance-to-agreement (AD-DTA) analysis with 3％/3 mm and 2％/2 mm criteria.Results The average passing rate of the 6 original VMAT plans was 96.0％ with the ADDTA criteria of 3％/3 mm which was commonly adopted in clinical practice.For the MLC gap width errors of + 1 mm,+2 mm,and-2 mm and the MLC shift errors of 2 mm,the drop levels in average passing rate with the AD-DTA criteria of 3％/3 mm were 8.8％,15.5％,6.1％ and 7.9％,respectively.The + 2 mm MLC positioning errors and + 1 mm MLC gap width errors could be detected by the patient-specific VMAT QA procedure.The AD-DTA criteria of 2％/2 mm was more sensitive compared with the criteria of 3％/3 mm.Conclusions Patient-specific VMAT QA is not sensitive enough to detect the systematic MLC positioning errors within 1 mm.Additional MLC QA is needed to guarantee the accuracy of VMAT delivery.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)in perihematomal brain tissue on the early formation of edema in patients with hyper-tensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods:The perihematomal brain tissue in 32 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were treated with hematoma evacuation.The expressions of HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were measured by immunohistochem- istry staining technique.The volume of perihematomal edema was determined on the basis of reoperative head CT scan.The results of staining and the volume of edema were analyzed by using double-blind method.Resets:Neuron and vascular endothelial cell swelling were observed 4 hours after cerebral hemorrhage,and the scattered HIF-1α positive neurons were visible.The expressions of HIF-1α reached the peak(at 24 to 48 hours,and went on high expressions at 49 to 72 hours.There was significant difference as compared with the normal brain tissue(P＜0.01). There were positive correlations between the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF (r=0.72,t=6.37,P＜0.01)and the volume of brain edema(r=0.64,t=4.56,P＜0.01).Conclusions: The expression of HIF-1α in perihematomal brain tissue of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage iS associated with the early formation of cerebral edema.HIF-1α may accelerate the formation of brain edema by inducing and regulating the expression of VEGF.

Objective To evaluate Satoh typing for tumor thrombi in the bile duct in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 51 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with tumor thrombi in the bile duct undergoing hepatectomy in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005.The cumulative disease-free survival by the three Satoh types were compared by Kaplain-Meire analysis.and log-rank test.Results There was no operationrelated motality and the postoperative complication rate was 22%(11/5 1).The overall survival rates at 1-and 2-years were respectively 76%(39/51)and 55%(28/51).The overall disease-free survival rates at 1-and 2-years were respectively 53%(27/51)and 22%(11/51).The disease-free survival rates at 1-and 2-years in type Ⅰ patients were respectively 61%(19/31)and 29%(19/31).The disease-free survival rates at 1-and 2-years in type Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients were respectively 35%(7/20)and 10%(2/20).The cumulative disease-free survival rates at 2-years was statistically different between type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and Ⅲ (v=7.489,P=0.006)).Conclusions Satoh typing of tumor thrombi helps to determine the surgery plan and assess the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the bile duct.

The morbidity of diabetes has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Delayed wound healing has become a common complication in diabetes, which seriously affects the orthobiosis of patients. Exploring and finding the molecular mechanisms of diabetic wound healing and the effective therapies to promote wound healing have important clinical significances. Stem cells transplant has become a research hotspot in accelerating diabetic wound healing. This article reviewed the present approaches concerning stem cells transplant in diabetic wound healing both at domestic and abroad, and looked forward the clinical therapy of stem cells on diabetic wound healing.