Eight-year medical program is a new style of medical education and a necessary trend of economic rapid development.In China,the clinical skill training system for eight-year medical students is exploring.Early contact with clinical practice,application simulation medicine and holding reading lecture were used for eight-year medical students of grade 2004 in pediatric clinical clerkship and were confirmed to have better effect.

Objective To assay free amino acids (FAA) content of breast cancer tissue and mammary glandular tissue and discuss the therapeutic basis of unbalanced amino acids of breast cancer. Methods The selected samples were conserved and then cut into pieces, grinded, syruped and deproteinized. Then FAA were separated from the samples. The content of 17 kinds of free amino acids in breast cancer tissue and mammary glandular were assayed respectively. Results The concentration of FAA in breast cancer tissue was higher than that in mammary glandular tissue. Conclusions Free amino acids metabolism was greatly different in breast cancer and mammary glandular tissues. This offers a therapeutic basis for the treatment of unbalanced free amino acids in the case of breast cancer.

0.05),however,there was a close correlation with area densities of stroma ( r =-0.33, P

Objective To investigate the role of 15 kinds of growth regulatory factors in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods 15 kinds of growth regulatory factors involving cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied by immunohistochemistry with computer assisted quantitative image analysis.The mean percent area densities of stroma,epithelium and glandular lumen in BPH were examined by quantitative image analysis. Results Positive relations were found bewteen expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),transforming growth factor ?, fibronectin, type Ⅳ collagen and proportions of stroma (r=0.323?0.278?0.235?0.241,P

BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have shown that transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1),matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) play an important role in chronic allograft nephropathy,but the mechanisms remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal tissues of chronic allograft nephropathy and normal renal tissues. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: A histological and morphological control observational experiment of cytology was performed at Pathological Laboratory of the 175th hospital from June to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS: The transplanted renal tissues extracted from 24 patients with chronic allograft nephropathy were used in the experiment,and the normal renal tissues in 10 patients were assigned as controls. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in all the renal tissues. All the renal tissues were fixed with formaldehyde and embedded by paraffin wax. Then the sections were prepared with a thickness of 3 ?m,and were then closed with normal non-immune serum. Subsequently,the sections were incubated as follows: primary antibody,secondary antibody,streptavidin peroxidase complex,and diaminobenzidine (DAB),followed by HE counterstaining. The sections were cleared and coverslipped. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The relationships among TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1,as well as between them and the grade of chronic allograft nephropathy were analyzed. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis: The TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 showed strongly positive expressions in the cytoplasm and membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells in transplanted renal tissues. Quantitative analysis: There were significant differences in expression of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 between in transplanted renal tissues and in normal renal tissues (P

Objective To investigate the possibility and surgical effect of simultaneous tympanoplasty to chronic suppurative otitis media in the period of infection. Methods Forty-eight cases (48 ears) with chronic suppurative otitis media in the period of infection (31 with cholesteatoma, 17 with caries) were underwent simultaneous Wullstein Ⅱ and Ⅲ tympanoplasty on the complete elimination of the lesions (typical or modified mastoidectomy). Results All eases had dry ears within 4-10 weeks with average of 7 weeks. The air-bone gap within 10 dB was in 11 eases, 15 to 20 dB in 25 cases, 25 to 30 dB in 9 eases, no change or worse in 3 eases. Conclusions Infection is not the absolute eontraindication to the tympanoplasty in treating chronic suppurative otitis media, Wullstein Ⅲ tympanoplasty plus mastoid cavity obliteration and eonchaplasty is a suitable choice to treating chronic suppurative otitis media on the complete elimination of lesions and reconstruction of the ventilation system among mastoid cavity, tympanum and eustachian. The malfunction of eustachian is the main eanse to failure of surgery.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injection as a protec-tion agent against cisplatin ototoxicity.Methods Fifty five healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups.The guinea pigs groups received (group I)0.9% NaCl solution(16 ml/kg)intraperitoneally (IP),(group II)dexamethasone (10 mg/ml)intratympanically(IT),(group III)cisplatin (16 mg/kg)only intraperitoneally(IP) and (group IV)dexamethasone (10 mg/ml)IT followed after 1h by 16 mg/kg cisplatin.Before and 7 days following injections,the ototoxic effect was measured with auditory brainstem response(ABR).The contents of malondiade-hyde(MDA)and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were also measured.Results ABR thresholds before and after dosing were 28.50±4.74,29.00±3.94 dB nHL and 28.67±5.82,31.33±5.81 dB nHL in group I and group II,respectively,with no significant differences (P>0.05).The contents of MDA and activities of SOD were 2.01 ±0.07 mmol/L ,234.10±13.09 U/ml and 2.06±0.09 mmol/L,233.20±13.24 U/ml in the group I and group II, respectively,with no significant differences (P>0.05).ABR thresholds after dosing were 55.33±4.81,and 40.67 ±3.72 dB nHL in the group III and group IV,which were significantly increased,but ABR thresholds in the group IV were significantly lower than that in the group III (P<0.05).The contents of MDA were 5.74±0.17,3.51± 0.18 mmol/L in the group III and group IV,which were significantly increased.SOD activities were 107.90 ± 14.21,and 162.70±11.25 U/ml,which significantly decreased.Nevertheless,in the group IV dexamethasone rela-tively reduced the contents of MDA(P<0.001)while increased the activities of SOD(P<0.001)compared with group III.Conclusion Intratympanic dexamethasone injection presents as an effective treatment modality to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity without any ototoxic effect.

Objective To investigate the infection status quo of 21 kinds of genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV)and their distribution rule among the women in Hengyang region.Methods A total of 8 032 women voluntarily accepting cervical cancer screening in the Hengyang Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital fromg April 2012 to May 2013 were selected as the research subjects.The exfoliated cells samples of cervical tissue were collected for detecting 21 kinds of HPV genotypes by Hybri-Max.The HPV infectious rate and the HPV gene distribution were analyzed by using SSPS13.0.Results Of 8 032 women,1 664 cases were detected out 1 kind or more than 2 kinds of HPV,the HPV infectious rate was 20.72%(1 664/8 032).The top 6 geno-types of HPV were HPV16,52,58,81,53 and 18.Among 1 664 female cases of HPV infection,the single HPV infection rate was 76.44%,the multiple infection rate was 23.56%,which was dominated by the double infection;the total positive rate in the various age groups of HPV infection presented theU-type distribution with the age increase,however the total positive rate had no statis-tically significant differences among all age groups(P >0.05 ).Conclusion The HPV female infection rate in Hengyang region is relatively higher,moreover the high risk HPV is predominant.HPV 16 occupies the top ranking.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness of endoscopic tragus cartilage-perichondrium in the treatment of large tympanic membrane perforations. METHOD: Patients with large tympanic membrane perfortations who had underwent cartilage-perichondrium myringoplasty were retrospectively retrieved from our department. Those with a follow-up of equal to or greater than 12 months after surgery were included in the study. Hearing test results were reported using a four-frequency air conduction and bone-air conduction gap. Patients were labeled as treatment success if the tympanic membrane was intact without lateralization or anterior blunting after surgery. RESULT: Of the 35 patients with large tympanic membrane perforations treated by endoscopic tragus cartilage-perichondrium, 33 (94.3%) were treatment success. There was no graft lateralization, anterior blunting, neocholesteatoma, and sensorineural hearing loss in these patients after surgery. The air conduction and bone-air conduction gap before surgery in the study cohort were (43.8 ± 5.7) dB and (28.5 ± 3.1) dB, respectively. Postoperative air conduction and bone-air conduction gap of the cohort were (31.4 ± 6.4) dB HL and (16.2 ± 4.1) dB, respectively. The postoperative air conduction and bone-air conduction gap decreased significantly after surgery (P < 0.01). Overall postoperative air-bone gap in 27 of the 35 patients (77%) were less than 20 dB after surgery. CONCLUSION Endoscopic cartilage-perichondrium myringoplasty is an effective procedure in the treatment of large tympanic membrane perforations.
Bone Conduction ; Cartilage ; Cohort Studies ; Ear Auricle ; Endoscopy ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Myringoplasty ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanic Membrane ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; surgery ; Tympanoplasty

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of sublingual immunotherapy on Th2 type immunoreaction in patients with allergic rhinitis within 12 months' treatment. METHOD: Forty three patients with allergic rhinitis were followed-up within 12 months after receiving sublingual immunotherapy. The changes of clinic symptoms and immunoreaction were analyzed. VAS score was applied to evaluate the efficacy of clinic treatment. TIgE and sIgE in serum were tested to evaluate the systemic immunoreaction. Eosinophil counting in nasal discharge was applied to evaluate the local nasal mucosa immunoreaction. RESULT: VAS scores were decreased significantly one month after the starting point of treatment, companied by the decrease of EOS count in nasal discharge (P < 0.05). The changes of TIgE and sIgE in serum within 12 months of sublingual immunotherapy were not significant (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in nasal lavage were decreased significantly after 12 months' treatment. CONCLUSION The bias of Th2 type immunoreaction existed in nasal mucosa immune system in patients with allergic rhinitis could been rectified partially after receiving sublingual immunotherapy for 12 months, but the significant changes were not observed in systemic immune system.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Eosinophils ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interleukin-13 ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mites ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; immunology ; therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Young Adult