Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of major pathogens for urinary tract infections and related risk factors of hospitalized patients for prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections and to guide the reasonable application of antibiotics.Methods From January 2007 to December 2013 ,the risk factors and pathogen resistance of hospitalized patients with urinary system infection in the First People' s Hospital of Shangqiu were analyzed.Results Totally 891 strains were isolated, in which 638 (71.6％) were Gram-negative strains, 218 (24.5％) were Gram-positive strains, and 35 (3.9％) were Candida.Among Gram-negative strains, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species, accounting for 43.5％, followed by Enterococcus spp(22.1％), major strains were Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.About 62.1％ (553/891) of the strains were isolated from female patients, 37.9％ (338/891) from male patients.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and P.Mirabilis were 59.0％ (526/891), 57.8％ (515/891) and 15.1％ (135/891).ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were more resistant than non-ESBLs-producing strains in terms of antibiotic resistance rate.The ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were highly susceptible to carbapenems.The average prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 4.0％(36/891).Six strains were identified as multi-drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were respectively, and 3 were carbapenem-resistant strains.Enterococcus spp were completely sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin.Among Candida strains,the major strains Candida albicans was completely sensitive to amphotericin B, amphotericin and nystatin.The percentage of Candida albicans resistant to itraconazole,voriconazole and fluconazole was 13.0％ (116/891), 17.4％ (155/891) and 39.1％ (348/891).Clinical urinary tract infections related to sex, age, basic diseases, invasive operation and unreasonable application of antibiotics significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusion Escherichia coli is the leading clinical isolates strains account for most urinary tract infections in the First People' s Hospital of Shangqiu, followed by Enterococcus spp.The prevalence of Candida albicans is the major strains among Candida strains.Should be pay attention to the susceptible population and apply anbiotics reasonably.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes and drug resistance of fungal infection in our hospital during 2010 -2012 for guiding the clinical reasonable use of anti-fungal drugs .Methods The related clinical data and the drug sensitivity tests re-sults of fungal infection in the hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed by the WHONET 5 .6 soft-ware .Results Candida albicans was the major pathogen causing candida infection for these 3 years .The isolated specimens were mainly sputum and blood .In the departments of internal medicine ,general surgery and integrated Chinese and Western medicine ,the number of detected candida were more than that of the other departments .Five kinds of candida showed high sensitivity to ampho-tericin B and high resistance to itraconazole .Conclusion The distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial fungal infection has changed and the drug resistance rate is continuously rising .Therefore the dynamic monitoring and the study of fungal infection should be strengthened for reducing the occurrence of fungal infection in the patients with tumor .

ObjectiveTo investigate the flora distribution and drug resistance status of nosocomial fungal infection in cancer hospitals for providing the scientific basis for clinical prevention and control.Methods The related clinical data and results of drug sensitivity tests of fungal infection in hospitalized patients from April 2006 to November 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 1011 strains of candida were isolated in five years, in which, Candida albicans (41.6％ on average) were the highest detection rate strains.The proportion of Candida albicans declined from 53.8％ in 2006 to 31.7％ in 2010, while the other non-Candida albicans increased from 46.2％ in 2006 to 68.3％ in 2010.In the General surgery, the Internal medicine,the Hepatobiliary surgery, and the Chinese and Western medicine, the number of candida were more than the other departments.The specimens were mainly isolated from sputum and swab, followed by blood specimens.In vitro susceptibility test results showed that: voriconazole, amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine showed high sensitivity and itraconazole, fluconazole showed high drug resistance to albicans.Conclusion Distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial fungal infection has changed, and the rates of fungal resistance were rising,so this situation should arouse the clinician's attention.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Ziyin Yikang Recipe plus hexadecadrol on anti-HCG antibody positive secondary sterility and the influence on anti-HCG antibody titers. Methods Sixty patients with anti-HCG antibody positive secondary sterility were randomly divided into treatment group (TG) and control group (CG), 30 cases in each. Patients in the TG were treated with Ziyin Yikang Recipe plus hexadecadrol, while patients in the CG were given hexadecadrol only. The Chinese medicine symptom scores and changes of anti-HCG antibody titers were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results The Chinese medicine symptom scores in the two groups decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the TG showed a more significant decrease than the CG (P<0.05). The anti-HCG antibody titers in both groups dropped compared with those before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no statistically difference between the two group after treatment (P>0.05). The total effective rate in the TG was higher that that in the CG (P<0.05), with 63.33% (19/30) in the TG and 47.66% (14/30) in the CG.Conclusion The treatment of Ziyin Yikang Recipe plus hexadecadrol on anti-HCG positive secondary sterility can obviously improve the clinical syndrome of yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity, and promote pregnancy success.

OBJECTIVE To study the incidence of ?-lactamases,mainly the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) and metallo-beta-lactamases(MBLs) of Chryseobacterium indologenes and Ch.gleum.METHODS Agar dilution method was applied to detect minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) to 12 different antibiotics used frequently.Three-dimensional test was used to detect ESBLs and metallo-?-lactamases.The genes of ?-lactamases were amplified with 3 pairs of primers special for Ch.indologenes and Ch.gleum.RESULTS Among the 25 strains of Ch.indologenes and 10 strains of Ch.gleum,68%(17/25) isolates of Ch.indologenes and 90%(9/10)isolates of Ch.gleum were considered as MBLs positive strains,but no isolates were detected for the production of ESBLs.CONCLUSIONS MBLs are the important mechanism of multi-drug resistance for Ch.indologenes and Ch.gleum.

Objective To investigate distribution characteristics of blood culture pathogens,and provid a basis for clinical prevention and control in bloodstream infections.Methods The data of the patients with positive blood culture and the nonduplicate strains were retrospectively analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software in the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu from January 2011 to December 2014.Results The total number of positive strains of blood culture was 1 306 from 25 397 blood cultures,and the positive rates were 5.1％,of which gram positive cocci and gram negative organisms accounted for 64.8％ (846/1 306) and 31.2％ (408/1 306),respectively.Candida accounted for 4.0％ (52/1 306).Gram positive bacteria were mainly Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) of 564 (43.2％) strains,Staphylococcus aureus of 96 (7.4％) strains,Enterococcus faecium of 48 (3.7％) strains and Streptococcus pneumoniae of 31 (2.4％) strains.The isolated rate of Enterococcus faecium was more than Enterococcus faecalis 20 strains (1.5％).The isolated rate of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter Bauman and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 12.5％ (163 strains),6.2％(81 strains),2.0％(26 strains) and 1.8％(23 strains),respectively.Conclusion The isolated rate of Enterococcus faecium more than Enterococcus faecalis in blood culture,the main pathogens are gram positive cocci in children group.Isolates of gram positive bacteria in the proportion of infants,children and adults with blood culture were 85.2％,87.0％,46.5％.There were 264 strains bacteria isolated in infants and young children's intensive care unit,accounting for 67.3％ of all bacteria isolated from infants and young children.There were 122 strains bacteria isolated in pediatric intensive care unit,accounting for 56.7％ of all bacteria isolated from childen.There were 255 strains bacteria isolated in adult intensive care unit,accounting for 36.5％ of all bacteria isolated from adult.Severe basic diseases were the vulnerable groups of bloodstream infections.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and MR imaging features of olivopontocerebellar atrophy(OPCA).Methods The clinical data and MR findings of 8 patients with OPCA (OPCA group) were retrospectively analyzed,and 75 cases of healthy physical examination people were chosen as control group (they were divided into 21-30 years group,31-40 years group,41-50 years group,51-60 years group,61-70 years group,and 15 cases in each group),all subjects under went pons measurement.Results All 8 patients with OPCA were sporadic cases.The cerebellar symptom,autonomic symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms were common manifestations.The head MR imaging of OPCA presented with cerebellum and brain stem atrophy,cross sign was the characteristic appearance.Vertical diameter and anteroposterior diameter of the pons in OPCA group patients was (20.63 ± 2.16) and (16.74 ±4.37) mm,compared with control group [(27.14 ±1.73) and (22.28 ± 1.49) mm],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).In control group,vertical diameter and anteroposterior diameter of the pons maximum in 21-30 years group and 31-40 years group,increased with age,the value had been reduced,but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion MR is the first choice for the diagnosis of OPCA,combine with clinical manifestations may improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To investigate the sustained release of BSA from chitosan-OREC/BSA films coated mats in vitro.Methods The negatively charged cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous mats were modified with multilayers of the positively charged chitosan or chitosan-OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged bovine serum albumin (BSA) via electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique.The adsorption and rinsing steps were repeated until the desired number of deposition bilayers was obtained.The in vitro BSA encapsulation and release experiments demonstrated that OREC could affect the degree of protein loading capacity and release ficiency of the LBL films coating.Results In the pH-gradient release assay,only a small amount of BSA was released from the mats in 1 h.As the time increased,the release rate of BSA of all the samples gradually went up to the maximum data within 8 h.For the samples with identical number of bilayers and record time,obvious increasing of the release amount could be seen in pH 7.4,in comparison with pH 1.2.Besides,doubling bilayers film-coated mats generally.Meanwhile,it was slightly distinguishable between 5 and 5.5 as well as 10 and 10.5 bilayers (t=0.651～ 1.324,P＞0.05).Interestingly,it could be seen that protein release of the chitosan-OREC/BSA films coated mats remarkably increased compared with that of chitosan/BSA films coated mats(t=2.264～ 2.305,P＜0.05).Conclusion The release of protein in the initial time could be controlled by adjusting the number of deposition bilayers,the outmost layer and the composition of coating bilayers.

Objective To investigate the current status of self-efficacy and care ability among stroke patients′ family caregivers and explore the correlation between them. Method A total of 79 stroke patients and family caregivers were engaged in the investigation by demographical data questionnaires, general self-efficacy scale and questionnaire for assessing the comprehensive care-giving ability of stroke caregivers. Results The score on self-efficacy of the family caregiver was (27.16 ± 5.64) and the total score on care ability was (90.01 ± 16.57). There was a positive correlation between self-efficacy and care ability of family caregivers(P<0.05). Conclusions The self-efficacy and care ability of stroke patient′s family caregivers are at middle level. Their self-efficacy is positively correlated with their care ability. The nurses can improve the ability of daily caring of family caregivers by enhancing their self-efficacy.

Objective To study the effect of controlled ovarian Hyperstimulation(COH)on expression of AQP3 mRNA in mouse oocytes at metaphase Ⅱ. Methods Twenty female mice(6-7 weeks) were randomly allocated into 2 groups, mice in COH group were superovulated by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin(PMSG) followed by 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) after 46-48?h. Nothing was given to mice in control group and the estrus cycle was observed at 9?am everyday. 12-16?h following hCG injection (COH group) or at 8?am next day after the estrus (control group), mice were killed by cervical dislocation. The oviducts were excised.Cumulus masses were recovered from the dilated ampullae under a dissecting microscope,digested granulosa cells using hyaluronidase. Semi-quantitative real-time PCR of AQP3 mRNA in mouse MⅡoocytes was investigated with ?-actin as the internal control. Results Oocytes swelling assay showed that AQP3 mRNA expressed in mouse MⅡ oocytes. Using semi-quantitative real-time PCR, the expression of AQP3 mRNA was significantly decreased(P