A high incidence of esophageal cancer exists in China. Surgical resection remains the dominant therapeutic intervention for patients with operable esophageal carcinoma. However, alternative strategies are actively applied to reduce the frequency of post-op-erative local or distant disease recurrence and to prolong survival. These strategies include neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. This review discusses the current knowledge, as well as available data and information, with regard to neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Objective To compare the influence of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia on the mortality in rats with fat embolism.Methods Three hundred and seventy five rats were randomly assigned to receive general anesthesia （group GF,n=125）,spinal anesthesia （group SF,n=125）,or no anesthesia （group F,n=125）.Rats were injected with a half lethal dose of fat from caudal vein 20 min after anesthesia induction. The mortality was recorded at 2,8,12,and 24 h after fat injection,respectively.Results The mortality was lower in group GF than those in groups SF and F （P0.05）,while there was no statistical difference between group SF and group F.Conclusion The mortality in rats with fat embolism under general anesthesia was lower than that under spinal anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the protective immunity of the vaccine against schistosomiasis,a mutant of Mr 23 000 membrane protein DNA(Sj23DNA) without the homologous sequence of ME491.Methods The mutant of Sj23 DNA with no homologous sequence of ME491 on the cell membrane of human melanoma was obtained by overlap PCR.The mutant was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells of the line HEK293.Indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) was used to detect the expressed protein.Expression of the mutant of Sj23DNA in muscular cells of mice was conducted through vaccinating the mouse with 100 ?g purified plasmids by injecting them into the quadriceps muscle of thigh.Four weeks after the immunization,the quadriceps muscles were taken and cryostat sections were prepared for detecting the expression by IFAT.Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups and injected with the mutant of pcDNA3-Sj23 plasmid DNA,pcDNA3-Sj23 plasmid DNA,pcDNA3 blank plasmid(100 ?g per mouse) and sterile saline(30 ?l per mouse) respectively.Four weeks after the immunization,mice were challenged with cercariae(40?2 cercariae per mouse) by abdominal skin penetration.Mice were then killed 6 weeks later,perfusion and squash methods were carried out to collect the adult worms and the number of eggs per gram of liver tissue was calculated.Worm and egg reduction rates were used to evaluate the protective immunity.Results Specific fluorescence was demonstrated in muscular cells of mice vaccinated with the mutant of pcDNA3-Sj23.The worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate were 40.3% and 42.8% respectively in the mutant of pcDNA3-Sj23 group,which were higher than those in the pcDNA3-Sj23 plasmid group(33.1% and 28.9% respectively).The difference between these two groups was significant(P

Objective To encode the protein cystatin M with CST6 gene and construct a CST6-overexpression vector,and transfect it into the gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 in order to observe the effect of cystatin M on the proliferation and migration abilities of SGC-7901 cells.Methods There were three groups in the experiment:pcDNA3.1(+)-CST6 group,pcDNA3.1 (+)group and non-transfected group.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to identify the RNA expression of CST6 in SGC-7901/CST6 cells.The proliferation and migration abilities of the transfected cells were detected by MTT and cell wound healing assay,respectively.Results SGC-7901/CST6 cells stably expressed CST6 gene RNA and cystatin M protein.The proliferation and migration of pcDNA3 .1 (+)-CST6 group cells were reduced compared with those of cells in the other two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Cystatin M can inhibit the proliferation and migration of SGC-7901 cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting miR-29 on growth,invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells,and explore the potential mechanism.Methods Oligonucleotides inhibiting miR-29 (anti miR-29) and control oligonucleotides (miR NC) were used to transfect PANC1 cells to establish anti miR-29 PANC1 cells and miR NC PANC1 cells.Transient transfection of PUMA siRNA,E-cadherin siRNA or NC siRNA was used to construct cotransfected anti miR29 + PUMA-siRNA-PANC1 cells and anti-miR-29 + E-cadherin-siRNA-PANC1 cells.Number of colony formations was observed,cell survival was detected by MTT,cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry,cell invasion was detected by transwell chamber assay,and cell migration was detected by wound healing assay.Subcutaneous injection of anti miR-29 PANC1 cells was used to establish xenograft nude mice model,and venous injection of anti miR-29 PANC1 cells was used to establish lung metastasis nude mice model,and the subcutaneous and venous injection of PANC1 cells served as control.The growth of xenograft and the number of lung metastatic nodules were observed.TUNEL method was used to detect cell apoptosis in xenograft and immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect PUMA and E-cadherin in xenograft.Results The survival rate of PANC1,miR-NC-PANC1 and anti-miR-29-PANC1 cells was 100％,(96.8 ± 2.8) ％ and (24.4 ± 3.2) ％.The number of colony formation was (213 ± 36),(196 ± 28) and (37 ± 6) per 100 high power field.The number of transmembrane cells was (56.3 ± 9.6),(49.8-± 7.3) and (11.2 ± 3.4) per 400 high power field.The distance of cell migration was (260 ± 48),(247 ± 46) and (53 ± 7) μm.Cell apoptosis rate was (1.5 +0.9) ％,(2.6 + 0.9) ％ and (22.4 + 2.8) ％.There was statistically significant difference between anti miR 29 PANC1 cells and other PANC1 cells (P ＜0.05).The survival rate,apoptosis rate,transmembrane cells and migration distance of anti-miR-29 + PUMA-siRNA-PANC1 cells was (84.7 ± 10.9) ％,(1.3 ± 0.8) ％,(49.7 ± 6.4) per 400 high power field and (182 ± 36) μm,indicating that the effects of miR 29 inhibition on PANC1 cells were abolished (all P ＜0.05).The volume of the xenograft of PANC1 and anti-miR-29-PANC1 cells was (3 800 ±270) and (1 890 ± 160)mm3,the cell apoptosis rate was 0.93 ±0.14 and 8.26 ± 1.15,the number of metastatic lung lesions was (26.4 ± 6.5) and (8.6 ± 2.7),the PUMA positivity was (7.2 ±1.6) ％ and (43.8 ± 7.6) ％,E-cadherin positivity was (8.3 ± 3.6) ％ and (47.4 ± 5.7) ％,respectively.The xenograft volume and the number of metastatic lung nodules of anti miR29 PANC1 cells was obviously decreased or decreased,but cell apoptosis rate,PUMA positivity and E cadherin positivity were obviously increased,and the differences were all statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Inhibiting miR-29 expression can decrease cell proliferation,migration and metastasis of PANC1 cells,and the potential mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of PUMA and E-cadherin.

Objectives To explore the clinical features of allergic colitis and the expression of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in intestinal mucosa in infant and young children. Methods The clinical data of 24 cases of allergic colitis treated from September 2011 to February 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect expressions of ECP in intestinal mucosa in 24 cases of allergic colitis, gastric and duodenal mucosa in 16 cases of helicobacter pylori infection and proximal normal intestinal mucosa in 18 cases of postoperative resection of congenital megacolon, and the results were compared. Results In the 24 subjects (15 males and 8 females) with allergic colitis,. they were infants except for 1 subject, and 20 subjects were <6 months old. All of them had bloody stool, in which there were 15 cases of diarrhea, 1 case of eczema and 3 cases of drug allergy. The endoscopic lesions were mainly showed in the sigmoid colon (12 cases) and the rectum (11 cases). The most common manifestations were mucosal erythema (21 cases), pox like nodules (18 cases), erosions (3 cases), and ulcers (3 cases). Histopathological findings were eosinophilic infiltration of the mucosa. The number of eosinophils in intestinal mucosa was 42(30~60)in patients with allergic colitis whose ECP was positive,18(15~23)in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and 25.5 (14~35) in patients with congenital megacolon children, and the differences are statistically significant mong three groups (H=28.14,P<0.001). Conclusions Allergic colitis is more common in infants and young children. The main endoscopic findings are mucosal erythema and eruption like nodules. In addition, the increase of ECP positive eosinophils in intestinal mucosa is the characteristic manifestation of allergic colitis.

Humans ; Mutation/genetics* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance ; Treatment Failure ; China ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics*

Pace of life and work of people is accelerating nowadays, and hospitals keep improving their services, which gives rise to the decoction and delivery service from the third party vendors for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Given the quality control standards for the TCM decoction service as issued by Zhejiang and other regions, the systems of supervision and assessment remain incomplete.Authors of the paper introduced a project improvement team, composed of Chinese medicine pharmacy, Chinese medicine experience specialists, vendors of Chinese medicine decoction and express delivery companies, hence establishing a " three-in-one" supervision system of Internet+TCM decoction and delivery service. This practice can optimize the assessment indexes, strengthen the assessment system of assessment transformation and supervision system for patient medication.It proves that the practice contributes to higher quality and safety of TCM decoction and delivery service, improves the ability and level of TCM services, and ensures the medication safety of patients.

Objective To estimate the effect of blastocysts morphological score on pregnancy outcomes and neonate′s condition in vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles. Methods A retrospective analysis of 586 cycles of vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer from Mar. 2010 to Feb.2016 was performed and the influ-ence of day of vitrification,inner cell mass(ICM)and trophectoderm(TE)scores on pregnancy outcomes and neo-nate′s condition were observed. Results There were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate,birth weight and sex ration of newborn between different vitrification day,ICM score and TE score.The day of vitrifica-tion and ICM score can significantly influence pregnancy loss rate,and were the two primary predictors of pregnan-cy loss rate. Vitrification day,ICM score and TE score exerted significant influence on live birth rate(P < 0.05) and TE score was the primary factor of live birth rate. Conclusions Day 5 vitrified blastocysts with higher quality of ICM and TE can provide high live birth rate and low pregnancy loss rate,but it could not predict the weight and gender of the newborn.