Objective To characterize the properties of human immunodeficiency virus-1-(HIV-1)specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)responses,and to analyze the factors which may affect CTL responses before and after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in children with chronic HIV-1 infection.Methods A total of 24 HIV-1-infected children were studied.Circulating CD4 T cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels were routinely measured.Peripheral HIV-1-specific CTL frequency and the specific interferon-?-producing lymphocytes were determined by tetramer staining and enzyme-linked immunospot(ELISPOT)assay,respectively.Results It was found that HIV-1-specific CTL responses could be detected in vitro in more than 80% of Chinese children with HIV-1 infection.Circulating CTL frequency and IFN-?-producing lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced in HAART suppressed HIV-1 infected children in comparison with HAART failure children and HAART na?ve children.The duration of virus suppression after HAART was found to be inversely correlated with CTL frequency.Conclusion HIV-1-specific CTL response to virus was warranted by antigenic stimulation.The present work may elucidate the immune mechanisms influencing the outcome of HIV-1 carriers with treatment of HAART.

Objective To investigate the effect of Danhong injection combined with edaravone in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction,and its influence on cytokines,cerebral hemodynamics and vascular endothelial function.Methods From March 2018 to March 2019,142 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated in the People's Hospital of Yuhuan were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to the digital table,with 71 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with Danhong injection combined with edaravone,while the control group was only treated with edaravone.Both two groups were treated for 2 weeks.The therapeutic effects,changes of cytokines,cerebral hemodynamics,vascular endothelial function,activity of daily living index(Barthel index) and neurological deficit score(NIHSS score) before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 90.14％ (64/71),which was higher than 74.65％ (53/71) of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.874,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of CRP [(5.43 ± 1.20) mg/L] and IL-6 [(32.15 ± 7.39) ng/L] in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group [(9.38 ± 1.74) mg/L and (67.43 ± 10.29) ng/L] (t =15.747,23.465,all P ＜0.05).After treatment,the Vp [(69.83 ± 3.24) v ·-1 · s-1] and Vm [(35.24 ± 2.10) v ·-1 · s-1] in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group [(63.81 ± 2.68) v ·-1 · s-1 and (32.18 ± 1.73) v ·-1s-1],while the PI in the treatment group [(0.72 ± 0.04)] was lower than that in the control group [(0.83 ±0.07)],the differences were statistically significant (t =12.064,9.477,11.497,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the serum level of ET-1 [(60.17 ± 5.46) mg/L] in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group[(73.21 ±6.78)mg/L],while the NO level in the treatment group[(72.15 ±7.39) ng/L] was higher than that in the control group [(61.43 ± 10.29) ng/L],the differences were statistically significant (t =12.622,7.130,all P ＜0.05).After treatment,the Barthel index score of the treatment group [(68.93 ± 7.83) points] was higher than that of the control group [(54.57 ± 7.38)points],while the NIHSS score of the treatment group [(9.34 ± 1.97)points] was lower than that of the control group [(14.54 ± 2.89) points],the differences were statistically significant (t =11.246,12.528,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Danhong injection combined with edaravone in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction is effective,which can alleviate inflammation and improve cerebral hemodynamics and vascular endothelial dysfunction.

Objective To study the clinical features and differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).Methods A case of LCH was reported and the literatures were reviewed.Results The of multisystem LCH patient,presented with a diabetes insipidus (DI) and panhypopituitarism,was 44 years old,and developed costal,tibial and femoral multiple lesions.The final diagnosis as LCH was made based on biopsy of tibia and lymph nodes.The biopsy specimen showed that the cells were infiltrated exhibiting the characteristic morphologic features of Langerhans cell (LC) with a convoluted shape,elongated nuclei exhibiting longitudinal grooves,and immunohistochemistry results revealed positive LC for the S-100,CD1a and Langerin immunostaining.Conclusions LCH may range from a solitary lytic bone lesion (for example eosinophilic granuloma) with a favorable course to a fatal disseminated leukaemia-like form.LCH typically involves the bone,lesions almost can be found in all organs.DI and CNS involvement often present as a puzzling syndrome,which renders the diagnosis problematicly,and often delays the diagnosis of LCH.The damage to the pituitary/hypothalamus axis results in life-long hormonal replacement therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of water extract of red ginseng on asthmatic mice with airway inflammation.Methods Totally 75 BALB/c mice were selected,they were divided into normal group (Physiological saline equivalent),model control group (Physiological saline equivalent),low dose group (Water extract of red ginseng,100mg/kg),high dose group (Water extract of red ginseng,100mg/kg) and positive control group (Dexamethasone,0.5mg/kg) by random number table method.There were 15 mice in each group.In addition to the normal group,all the other groups successfully produced the asthmatic airway inflammation model in mice,and the corresponding treatment measures were given.Comparison of mice after the last challenge 24h in bronchoalveolar layage fluid (BALF) of various inflammatory cytokines and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE),Hydroxyproline content in lung tissue and pathological changes were observed in lung tissue of rats with HE.Results The model control group BALF interleukin interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5 (IL-5),interleukin-14 (IL-14),transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1),Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),serum immunoglobulin E (IgE),hydroxyproline content in lung tissue were higher than the normal group (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-4,IL-5,IL-14,TGF-β1,VEGF,IgE and Hydroxyproline content in lung tissue in the low dose group,the high dose group and the positive control group were lower than that in the model control group (P ＜ 0.01) in BALF.The levels of IL-4,IL-5,IL-14,TGF-β1,VEGF,IgE and hydroxyproline content in lung tissue in the high dose group of BALF were lower than those in the low dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The water extract of red ginseng can achieve the therapeutic effect by reducing the airway inflammatory reaction of the asthmatic mice model.

OBJECTIVETo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules versus diammonium glycyrrihizinate in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.

METHODSThe Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM on CD-ROM) and the China Academic Journals Full-Text Database (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of diammonium glycyrrhizinate entetic-coated capsules versus diammonium glycyrrihizinate in treatment (less than 2 months) of chronic viral hepatitis published between 2005 and 2012. A meta-analysis was performed on the selected RCTs to determine the effects on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) and albumin, as well as rates of adverse reactions.

RESULTSNine RCTs, involving 687 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the patients treated with diammonium glycyrrihizinate, the patient treated with diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules had a significantly better recovery rate of ALT (relative risk (RR) =4.15, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.55 to 11.15, P less than 0.01) and significantly more robust decreases in ALT (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -32.75, 95% CI:-46.67 to-18.83, P less than 0.01) and AST (WMD = -12.70, 95% CI:-21.13 to-4.27, P less than 0.01). In contrast, the patients treated with diammonium glycyrrihizinate showed more robust improvements in the TBil level (WMD = -0.74, 95% CI:3.98 to 2.49, P =0.653) and albumin (WMD =1.03, 95% CI:-1.03 to 3.09, P =0.326), but the differences did not reach the threshold for statistical significance (P less than 0.05). Only four adverse reactions were reported, all of which were related to the lipid complex nature of the diammonium glycyrrhizin enteric-coated capsules and were mild, including dry mouth, dizziness and mild gastrointestinal discomfort and reactions.

CONCLUSIONDiammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules elicited superior anti-inflammatory and liver protection effects than diammonium glycyrrihizinate, and produced only mild side effects that are tolerable to the patients.

Capsules ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Objective To explore the expressions of miR-221 and miR-222 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),and relativi-ties with clinical pathological features.Methods Samples from patients of PCT (43 cases),nodular golter(21 cases),and para-carcinoma thyroid tissues(14 cases),78 cases in total (from 06/2015 to 05/2016,Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital) were collected.Real time-PCR tests were carried out,then analyzed in relation to clinical pathology features,and statistical a-nalysis was used to evaluate the results.Results The expressions of miR-221 and miR-222 were significantly higher in PTC (11.54±3.37,10.67±2.45)than in nodular golter (3.21±1.12,2.89±1.23)and normal thyroid tissue (2.02±0.76, 1.98±0.34)(t=3.62,3.25;3.27,3.01,all P<0.05),which were significantly related with Regional lymph node metasta-sis,tumor invasion coated,distant metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.05),while not related with the gender,age,or size of the tumor of the patients (P>0.05),and no differences were found in nodular golter and in normal thyroid tissue (t=0.91, 0.79,P>0.05).Conclusion miR-221 and miR-222 could be considered as a specific molecular marker of PTC,may play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment on PTC.