Objective To explore the risk factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) and the influence of nasal continual positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment on the QOL of OSAS patients. Methods Measuring the quality of life of 212 patients suffered from OSAS with WHOQOL-BREF and analyzing the influences of the sleepiness, quality of sleep, chronic disease and nCPAP treatment on the QOL of patients with OSAS. Results The scores on physical domain and psychological domain of patients who were sleepiness or had bad quality of sleep were less than that of patients who were non-sleepiness or had a good sleep respectively(P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of multi-parameter MRI in diagnosing ovarian endometrial cysts. Methods Pelvic MRI of 68 patients with confirmed pathological diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into ovarian endometriosis (35 patients with 42 lesions, group A) and other cystic lesions (33 patients with 38 lesions , group B).The signal intensity value of T1WI, T2WI of cyst fluid and iliopsoas, ADC value, phase values and R2*values were obtained, cyst fluid/iliopsoas ratios (T1R and T2R) were calculated. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare parameter values between the two groups. The values of diagnostic performance were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Use the Logistics regression parameters of diagnostic efficacy to select the highest Youden index for the best parameter association after combining the parameters step by step. Results The median of T1R, T2R, ADC, phase, T1R and R2*values for group A were 3.39, 5.28, 1.20×10-3 mm2/s,2.19×10-2, 15.08 Hz respectively, and that of group B were 0.91, 10.85, 2.64×10-3mm2/s,2.67×10-2, 3.01 Hz, respectively. There were statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).The AUC of T1R, T2R, ADC value, phase values and R*2 value were 0.930, 0.874, 0.891, 0.685 and 0.924 respectively, and there was no difference among them (P>0.05). When combining T1R, ADC value, R2*value together, the Youden index (0.849 7) was highest. Conclusion Combining T1R, ADC and R2* values can provide an effective way to discriminate endometrial ovarian cyst from other ovary cystic lesions.

Objective To establish normal reference intervals of plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in children′s hospital.Methods A total of 183 fresh EDTA anticoagulant samples and 125 fresh urine in healthy children were collected from May 2014 to October 2014.According to the CLSI C28-A2 ,the unilateral upper limit 95% was established the normal reference value in different age group.Results There was significant difference in four groups (P<0.05).The normal reference intervals of plasma NGAL in healthy children:0 to <7 months;<291.28 μg/L;7 months to <5 years old;<150.87 μg/L;5 years old to <9 years old:<127.93 μg/L;9 years old to ≤16 years old:<161.74 μg/L;the normal reference intervals of healthy children urine NGAL:0 to <7 months:<257.31 μg/L;7 months to <5 years old:<201.55 μg/L;5years old to <9 years old:<197.69 μg/L;9 years old to ≤16 years old:<151.46 μg/L.Plasma and urine NGAL results in neonatal group were higher than the other three groups.Conclusion The normal reference intervals of plasma and urine NGAL in children′s hospital is established.this could provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal injury in pediatric patients.

Background:Esophageal cancer is a digestive system malignant tumor with high incidence in China. Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to increase the survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer. Now,applying magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging(ME-NBI)for diagnosis of early esophageal cancer has become the hot research spot. Aims:To evaluate the diagnostic value of ME-NBI for early esophageal cancer and its invasive depth. Methods:Consecutive patients with early esophageal cancer or precancerous lesion undergoing conventional white light endoscopy with biopsy and ME-NBI from June 2013 to November 2015 at the Ren Ji Hospital,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University were collected retrospectively. The findings of ME-NBI and biopsy pathology of conventional white light endoscopy were comparatively analyzed. The accuracy of ME-NBI in diagnosis of invasive depth of early esophageal cancer was evaluated. Results:A total of 49 patients were enrolled. The overall agreement of ME-NBI findings with endoscopic surgical pathology(gold standard)as well as the sensitivity and negative predictive value of ME-NBI for differentiating early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion were significantly higher than those of biopsy pathology under conventional white light endoscopy[91. 8%(45 / 49)vs. 24. 5%(12 / 49);100%(45 / 45)vs. 17. 8%(8 / 45);100%(3 / 3)vs. 9. 8%(4 / 41),P all < 0. 05]. Total accuracy of ME-NBI for diagnosing the invasive depth of early esophageal cancer was 77. 8%(35 / 45). Conclusions:ME-NBI has good diagnostic value for early esophageal cancer and its depth of invasion. It can be used as an effective modality for clinical diagnosis of early esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)quantitative parameters in evaluating patholog-ical grade of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).Methods The DKI images of 45 patients with CSCC were analyzed retrospec-tively.According to the results of pathology,22 cases were divided into poorly differentiated group and 23 cases well-moderately dif-ferentiated group.The DKI parameters of two groups were measured by two observers,which included mean kurtosis (MK),axial kurtosis (Ka),radial kurtosis (Kr),fractional anisotropy of kurtosis (FAk),mean diffusivity (MD),axial diffusivity (Da),radial diffusivity (Dr)and fractional anisotropy (FA).The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC)was used to test the consistency of the parameters measured results on two observers.The two independent samples t test was used to compare the parameters of two groups,and the ROC curve was used to evaluate the effectiveness of each parameter in order to evaluate the poorly differentiated CSCC and find the boundary values.Results The data consistency of two observers were good (ICC>0.75).The MK,Ka and Kr values on poorly differentiated CSCC were greater than that on well-moderately differentiated (P<0.05),the MD,Da and Dr values were less than that on well-moderately differentiated (P<0.05),the FAk and FA values had no difference (P>0.05).Thearea un-der curve (AUC)of MK,Ka,Kr,MD,Da and Dr values to diagnose poorly differentiated CSCC were 0.914,0.831,0.865,0.850, 0.778 and 0.865,respectively.The boundary values of diagnosing poorly differentiated CSCC were MK≥0.973,Ka≥1.075,Kr≥0.823, MD≤0.974μm2/ms,Da≤1.185μm2/ms and Dr≤0.762μm2/ms,respectively.Conclusion DKI can effectively predict the patho-logical grading of CSCC,which has a good clinical application prospects.

Objective: To study the dynamic changes of type Th22 cell immunological response during atherosclerosis process in experimental mice in order to provide a new theoretical basis for atherosclerosis therapy. Methods: 8 weeks C57BL/6J mice were divided into 2 groups: Experiment group,n=24 ApoE-/- mice and Control group, n=24 normal mice. All animals received high fat diet and the following indexes were compared between 2 groups at 0, 4, 8, 12 weeks after treatment: aortic atherosclerotic lesions were deifned by Oil red O staining, dynamic changes of Th22 cells in spleen were measured by lfow cytometry, mRNA expressions of interleukin-22 (IL-22), IL-22R1, AhR and T-bet in aorta were examined by RT-PCR, blood levels of IL-22 was detected by ELISA. Results: Compared with Control group, Experiment group had the increased area of aortic atherosclerosis (the ratio of plaque area/lumen area) and Th22 cell (CD4+ IL-22+/CD4+T cell) amount, elevated mRNA expressions of IL-22, IL-22R1, AHR, T-bet in aorta and higher blood levels of IL-22 at all time points, the differences between each time point (except 0 week) had the statistic meaning,P<0.05. In Experiment group, the differences between 2 adjacent time points, for the area of aortic atherosclerosis and mRNA expressions of AHR, T-bet: 4 weeks vs 0 week, 8 weeks vs 4 weeks, 12 weeks vs 8 weeks all had statistic meaning; for Th22 cell amount: 4 weeks vs 0 week, 8 weeks vs 4 weeks had statistic meaning and 12 weeks vs 8 weeks had no real distinction; for mRNA expressions of IL-22, IL-22R1 and blood levels of IL-22: 4 weeks vs 0 week had statistic meaning and 8 weeks vs 4 weeks, 12 weeks vs 8 weeks had no real distinctions. Conclusion: Hyperactive immunological response of Th22 cells might be involved in atherosclerosis process, the relevant mechanism should be further studied.

BACKGROUNDInterleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of the CXC chemokine family, which involved in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of IL-8 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinicopathologic significance.

METHODSThe expression of IL-8 protein and the intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) were detected in 114 cases of NSCLC on tissue array by immunohistochemical method (EnVisionTM method).

RESULTSThe positive rate of IL-8 expression was 81.6% (93/114) in 114 cases of the primary lung cancer and 79.1% (34/43) in metastatic lymph nodes respectively. And it was remarkably higher in NSCLC with lymph node metastasis (93.0%, 40/43)) than in those without lymph node metastasis (74.6%, 53/71) (P < 0.05). IL-8 protein expression in primary lung cancer tissues was positively related to TNM stages (P < 0.05), but not to histological type, differentiation degree, age and sex of patients (P > 0.05). In addition, there was significant difference in MVD between IL-8 positive NSCLC tissues (22.1±13.6) and negative ones (14.8±11.2) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe present study suggests that there is overexpression of IL-8 in NSCLC, which is closely related to angiogenesis, TNM stages and lymph node metastasis. Detection of IL-8 protein may be helpful to evaluate biological characteristics and therapy for NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective method to formulate management-related strategies for off-lable use of drugs by the evidence-based medicine. METHODS:The process of guideline formulation included seven procedures,i.g. establishment ofguideliesformulation workgroup;investigation and selection of the status quo on off-label drug use;identification of the clinical problems;retrieval and evaluation and comprehensing of evidence;applification of GRADE in evidence quality grading;formation of the recommendations consensus;peer review and result publication. And eventually guidelines were formed based on the steps. This study took off-label use of rheumatoid immunoprotective subjects as a case to explore. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Based on the evidence evaluation system and above 7 steps,the methods and process of guideline formulation on off-label use of rheuma-toid immunoprotective subjects that integrated administration,law,clinical medicine,pharmacy subjects were made .The process of guideline formulation fully reflects multidisciplinary characteristics of the workgroup,the advanced nature of the process,the comprehensiveness of evidence ,the rigor of evidence quality grading,and the normalization of consensus. It provides reference in methodology for establishing a comprehensive evidence-based evaluation and management system of off-label use of drugs for all clinical specialist disease. Therefore,this scientific research results may promote the standardization and legalization of the off-label use of drugs management in China.

Objective: To observe the effect of ulinastatin combined with glutamine on early hemodynamics in patients with severe burns. Methods: Thirty-two patients with severe burns who met the inclusion criteria and hospitalized in the Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected for conducting a prospective randomized controlled trial. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into conventional treatment group (4 males and 4 females), ulinastatin group (5 males and 3 females), glutamine group (5 males and 3 females), and ulinastatin+ glutamine group (4 males and 4 females), with ages of (36±8), (34±8), (35±9), and (38±13) years in turn. From post injury day 2, patients in the 4 groups were given nutritional support of equal nitrogen and equal calories, of which protein was 2.0 g/kg daily. In addition, patients in the ulinastatin group received intravenous injection of 100 kU ulinastatin every 8 hours for 7 consecutive days; 0.3 g/kg of protein given to patients in the glutamine group was provided by alanine glutamine for 7 consecutive days; patients in the ulinastatin+ glutamine group received corresponding treatments of both ulinastatin group and glutamine group. With the help of pulse contour cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring technology, the cardiac index, stroke volume index (SVI), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) of patients in each group were measured on treatment day (TD) 1, 3, and 7. Data were processed with Fisher′s exact probability method, one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, and Bonferroni method. Results: The cardiac index was low and the SVI value was lower than the normal value on TD 1 in patients of the 4 groups, without statistically significant differences between any two groups (P>0.05), and then they were all gradually increased. On TD 3 and 7, compared with those of the conventional treatment group, the cardiac index and SVI of patients in the other three groups were all increased, and the cardiac index and SVI of patients in the ulinastatin+ glutamine group were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On TD 1, the GEDI of patients in the conventional treatment group, ulinastatin group, glutamine group, and ulinastatin+ glutamine group were at normal low levels, which were (659±58), (661±79), (659±88), and (653±71) mL/m² respectively, without statistically significant differences between any two groups (P>0.05), and then they all gradually increased. On TD 3 and 7, compared with (684±82) and (742±46) mL/m² of the conventional treatment group, the GEDI of patients in the ulinastatin group, glutamine group, and ulinastatin+ glutamine group were all elevated, which were (732±53) and (777±33), (725±58) and (783±49), (813±65) and (849±27) mL/m² respectively, and the GEDI of patients in the ulinastatin+ glutamine group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The SVRI of patients in the four groups were all at high levels on TD 1, without statistically significant differences between any two groups (P>0.05), and then they all gradually decreased. On TD 3 and 7, compared with those of the conventional treatment group, the SVRI of patients in the other three groups were all increased, and the SVRI in the ulinastatin+ glutamine group was significantly increased (P<0.05). On TD 1, the EVLWI of patients in the conventional treatment group, ulinastatin group, glutamine group, and ulinastatin+ glutamine group were all in the normal range, which were (6.6±0.6), (6.3±0.4), (6.5±0.4), and (6.6±0.6) mL/kg respectively, without statistically significant differences between any two groups (P>0.05), and then they all showed the increasing trend. On TD 3 and 7, compared with (7.1±0.9) and (7.9±0.5) mL/kg of the conventional treatment group, the EVLWI of patients in the ulinastatin group, glutamine group, and ulinastatin+ glutamine group were all decreased, which were (6.2±0.6) and (7.1±0.4), (6.3±1.0) and (7.2±0.9), (5.8±0.7) and (6.7±0.6) mL/kg respectively, and the EVLWI of patients in the ulinastatin+ glutamine group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). On TD 1, the PVPI of patients in the four groups were all in the normal range, without statistically significant differences between any two groups (P>0.05), and then they all gradually decreased. On TD 3 and 7, compared with those of the conventional treatment group, the PVPI of patients in the other three groups were all decreased, and the PVPI in the ulinastatin+ glutamine group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions Ulinastatin combined with glutamine can increase the cardiac index, SVI, GEDI, and SVRI and reduce the EVLWI and PVPI in treating patients with severe burns, thereby increasing early cardiac output after injury, promoting tissue and organ perfusion, and reducing pulmonary edema, resulting in significant improvement in early hemodynamics of patients with severe burns.

Objective:To investigate the effects of unilateral ureteral obstruction on renal pelvic peristalsis and pacemaker cells in neonatal rats.Methods:An animal experimental study.Thirty-six 2-day-old newborn SD rats were randomly divided into the partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) group, complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) group, and sham operation group, with 12 rats in each group.One week after surgery, all rats were subjected to renal pelvic pressure (RPP) measurement by puncture.After measurement, the rats were euthanized, and their left renal pelvis and ureter were removed and fixed for histological examination.Parameters such as RPP, peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude at different perfusion speeds were recorded and compared, and the changes in pacemaker cells (atypical smooth muscle cells and Cajal-like interstitial cells) were also compared.The independent samples t-test was used for comparison between 2 groups, and the one-way ANOVA of variance was used for comparison among 3 groups. Results:In the sham operation group, the RPP increased gradually with the increase of perfusion speed; the frequency of peristaltic waves rose rapidly and then dropped after reaching the highest level with the increase of perfusion speed; similarly, the amplitude of peristaltic waves first increased and then decreased as the perfusion speed increased.In the PUUO group, the RPP increased rapidly with the increase of perfusion speed, higher than that in the sham operation group; the frequency of peristaltic waves was higher than that in the sham operation group, and it was relatively constant under the perfusion speed of 40 mL/h, but when the perfusion speed increased again, the frequency began to decline; the amplitude of peristaltic waves increased quickly and then declined at a faster rate than the sham operation group with the increase of perfusion speed.In the CUUO group, the basic RPP was 12 cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa); at the perfusion speed of 5 mL/h, the RPP rose gradually, and no plateau appeared; when the RPP reached 73 cmH 2O, the perfusate retrograded from the side of the puncture needle, then the RPP slightly decreased and then balanced, and no regular peristaltic waves were observed in the renal pelvis throughout the whole perfusion process.Immunofluorescence staining analysis showed the pacemaker cells were all located in the smooth muscle of the renal pelvic wall.The sham operation group had the highest positive rate, followed by the PUUO group and then the CUUO group. Conclusions:Ureteral obstruction has a significant impact on the peristalsis of the renal pelvis, and its impact on the peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude and RPP can be predicted.The reduction of pacemaker cells in the renal pelvis may be involved in the changes of renal pelvic peristalsis caused by ureteral obstruction, but further research is needed on how pacemaker cells regulate the peristalsis of the renal pelvis and ureter.