[Objective]To use urodynamic method to evaluate "free sacro-capsule"pre-operation and post-operation effect,also evaluate bladder and urethral function.[Method]Twenty children were included in this study.[Result]All children had none damage after operation.The PVR and DLPP of post-operative group are significantly decreased.The BC and MCC of post-operation group was significantly higher than pre-operation group(P

Objective To explore the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)of MRI diffusion-weighted (DW)in diag-nosing pathologic stage and histologic grade of bladder cancer.Methods 42 patients with confirmed bladder cancer underwent pelvic MRI examination including T2 WI and diffusion-weighted imaging (b values of 0 and 1 000 s/mm2 )Based on pathologic results,42 cases of bladder cancer were divided into three groups of Ta-T1 stage (non-muscle invasive),T2 stage (muscle invasive)and T3-T4 stage (around the bladder and other organizations invasive).Of 42 bladder cancers,36 urothelial carcinomas were divided into papillary urothelial neoplasm with low malignant potential (PUNLMP),low grade urothelial carcinoma and high grade urothelial carcinoma group.Tumor diameter and ADC were measured on DW imaging,and compared among different groups.Results The mean size of high grade tumors (4.52 ± 1.61)cm was significantly larger than that of PUNLMP (2.28 ± 0.51)cm and low grade tumors (1.69 ± 0.53)cm.The mean ADC of high grade tumors (0.83 ± 0.27)×10-3 mm2/s was significantly lower than that of PUNLMP (1.46 ± 0.30)×10-3 mm2/s and low grade tumors (1.17±0.11)×10-3 mm2/s (P<0.01).T3-T4 stage tumors showed significantly lower ADC (0.82±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s than T2 (1.01 ± 0.09)×10 -3 mm2/s and Ta-T1 stage tumors (1.24 ± 0.13)×10 -3 mm2/s (P <0.01).Conclusion DW ima-ging combined with conventional MR sequences is useful for displaying morphology of bladder cancer.DW imaging and ADC are use-ful in evaluation of pathologic stage and histologic grade of bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy of pelvic floor electrical stimulation (PFES) and pelvic floor training (PFT) for female with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods PFES and PFT were performed on 70 women (average age 40±7 years old) with IDO and SUI for twelve weeks. Urinary diary, International Continence In-quiring Committee's Questionnaire (ICI-Q-SF) scores were recorded and urodynamic study was per-formed before and after the treatment. Results Fifty women (71%) finally completed treatment for twelve weeks. Urinary incontinence disappeared in 8 (16%), detrusor overactivity disappeared in 10 (20 %). The leakage was not found in 6 (12 %) in leakage point pressure measurement. Moreover, the frequency of voiding (28±5 times/72 h), frequency of leakage (10±5 times/72 h), total scores of ICI-Q-SF(10±3), max detrusor uninhibited contraction pressure (18±8 cmH20) and detrusor unin-hibited contraction duration (8±3 s) were significantly lower than those before treatment (43±8 times/72 h, 20±6 times/72 h, 17±3, 27±9 cm H2O and 13±6s,P<0.01). Maximal voided vol-ume(225±48 ml), normal desired cystometric capacity (210±48 ml), maximal cystometric capacity (247±48 ml), Valsalva leak point pressure (94±11 cm H2O) and maximal urethral closure pressure (59±8 cm H2O) were significantly higher than those before treatment (159±37 ml, 141±39ml, 178±36ml, 81±15 cm H2O and 55±8 cm H2O, P<0.01). The effective rate during three months follow up was 60%, similar to time after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor electrical stimulation and pelvic floor training could be a useful therapy to treat women with IDO and SUI. It is both convenient and economical.

Objective To explore the expression of the nerve growth factor receptors p75 (p75NGFR) in human bladder carcinoma samples, and the effects of hypoxia on the expression of p75NGFR in human bladder cancer ceils. Methods The expression of p75NGFR in 107 bladder cancer and lymph node specimens were immunohistochemically investigated. The expression of p75NGFR in bladder cancer cell line (T24) was assessed by immunocytochemistry, and reverse tran-scription-PCR in the Normoxic Condition (air, 5%CO2) and in hypoxia condition(10%O2, 5%CO2, 85%N2). Results p75NGFR expressed in 46 of 107(43.0%) tumor samples. There was no signifi-cant correlation between p75NGFR and the factors such as gender, age, extent of the tumors, and pathologic grading(P0.05), p75NGFR was expressed in examined cell line T24, and also expressed in 5 of 24 bladder tumors in metastasized lymph node specimens. Hypoxia markedly down-regulated the expression of p75NGFR of T24 cell line at third day. Conclusions It is suggested that p75NGFR is expressed less in lymph node metastasis. Hypoxia markedly inhibited expression of p75NGFR of T24 cell lines.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between ultrasound-assayed detrusor thickness and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in old men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods The 106 BPH patients underwent the urodynamic examination on which the diagnosis of BOO was dependent. The obstruction was defined as the Abrams-Griffiths nomogram (A-G index)≥40 and the grade of linear passive urethral resistance relation (LinPURR)≥Ⅱ . When bladder capacity reached 150 ml, the detrusor thickness was measured by abdominal ultrasound. Results Compared with unobstructed group, the maximum flow rate and average flow rate were both lower in obstructed group [(10.1±3.0) ml/s vs. (17.4±3.1) ml/s, (5.5±2.2) ml/s vs. (11.2±2.2) ml/s, t= 10.26and 11.03, both P＜0.01]. And the residual urine volume and maximum detrusor pressure were significantly higher in obstructed group than in unobstructed group [(47.6 ± 24.3) ml vs. (17.0 ±5.6) ml, (39.3±14.4) cm H2Ovs. (26.8±8.0) cm H2O, t=6.32 and 4.07, P＜0.01 or 0.05].Detrusor thickness was positively correlated with maximum detrusor pressure (r= 0.419, P＜0.01),but negatively correlated with maximum flow rate (r =- 0.749, P＜ 0.01 ), mean flow rate (r=-0.853, P＜0.01) and voided volume (r=-0.556, P＜0.01). There was significant difference in detrusor thickness between obstructed group and unobstructed group [(3.0± 0.2) mm vs. (2.5 ±0.2) mm, t= 11.2,P＜0.05]. According to the diagnostic standard of detrusor thickness≥3.0 mm,it had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 84.6%, a positive predictive value of 93.1% and a negative predictive value of 78.6%. Conclusions Detrusor thickness of 3.0 mm or greater has a certain predictive value for BOO in old men.

Objective To evaluate the impact of age on the bladder-urethral function and the outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the elderly men with benign prostatic hyperpiasia (BPH). Methods The elderly men with BPH undergoing TURP were divided into young elderly group [n=158, mean age of 68 + 4 years] and elderly group [n=47, mean age of 80± 3 years]. All patients were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Quality of life (QOL). transrectal ultrasound and urodynamic examination one week before TURP, and they were followed by IPSS, QOL. free uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) measurement at 3 months after TURP. Results The incidence rates of detrusor overactivity, low compliance bladder, detrusor underactivity and benign prostatic obstruction in elderly group were 70%, 34%, 19% and 77% respectively, and they were significantly higher than in young elderly group (42%, 18%, 6.3% and 58%,x2 =10.623, 4.328, 5.637,4.771,P<0.05). However, the mean max detrusor voided pressure [62±29) cm H2O] was significantly lower in elderly group than in young elderly group [(76±22) cm H2O,t =3.265, P<0.05]. Moreover, the mean prostatic length, static functional length and bladder neck pressure were (52±8) mm, (63±11) mm and (36 15) cm H2O respectively, they were significantly higher in elderly group than in young elderly group [(47±7)mm, (59±6) mm and (25±13) cm H2O, t=4.157, 3.388 and 4.912,P<0.05]. The IPSS, QOL and PVR were significantly lower after TURP than beforeTURP, and the max flow rate (MFR) was significantly higher after TURP than before TURP in both groups (tyoung elderly group= 19.744, 64.671, 23.342 and 27.504;t elderly group= 27.308, 19.311,9.694 and 11.671, P<0.05). However, the MFR was significantly lower in elderly group than in young elderly group, and PVR and QOL were significantly higher in elderly group than in young elderly group after TURP (t=3.493, 15.245 and 10.750, P<0.05). Conclusions The risk of bladder-urethral dysfunction is increased and the therapeutic effects of TURP is decreased with ageing in the elderly men with BPH. It would be beneficial to have an urodynamic study for their treatment.

Objective This study aims to examine expression of Caveolin -1 in non smoking cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to discusses the relationship between expression of Caveolin -1 and the Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations .Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the Caveolin -1 ex-pression and ARMS-qPCR was used to measure EGFR mutations in 40 cases of lung cancer tissue .The clinical pathological characteristics and correlations in patients were analyzed .Results The expression of Caveolin -1 in human lung cancer was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue ,and negatively correlated with EGFR mutations ,which was statistically significant .Conclusion Caveolin -1 expression is negatively correlated with EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and related to the histologic type .Caveolin-1 may be a molecu-lar target for diagnosis and judgment of NSCLC .

Objective To conduct a systematic review to evaluate efficacy and safety of bladder neck preservation techniques during radical prostatectomy.Methods We searched PubMed,Embase,Medline,Central (the Cochrane Library,Issue 1,2013),CNKI,CBM from the inception to July 2015 for randomized or observational studies assessing the influence of preservation of bladder neck on the continence recovery and cancer control outcomes after radical prostatectomy.Two researchers evaluated the quality of included studies.A meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.0 software.Results Twelve observational and two randomized studies were analyzed.BNP group had a faster recovery of early continence than non-BNP group at 1 month[OR =2.88,95％ CI 1.80-4.60,P ＜ 0.05],3-4 months [OR =2.32,95％ CI 1.42-3.80,P ＜ 0.05].However there was no statistically significant difference in terms of continence rate at 6 months [OR =1.49,95％ CI 0.97-2.29,P =0.07] and 12 months [OR =0.99,95％ CI 0.70-1.39,P =0.93] among two groups.There was no significant difference in terms of PSM rate [OR =0.92,95 ％ CI 0.71-1.19,P =0.52] between BNP and non-BNP groups.Conclusions We found that preservation of the bladder neck result in earlier return of urinary continence without adversely affecting cancer control.

Objective To investigate the changes in intracellular Ca2+ in the ureter smooth muscle cells (USMC) of rats with neuropathic urinary tract dysfunction (NUTD) and their significance.Methods Forty-five rats were randomly and averagely divided into NUTD group,experimental control (EC) group and blank control (BC) group.The NUTD group was operated with a spinal cord transection at the first lumbar level and the sacral cord was destroyed;in EC group the spinal process was partly bitten at the same position,but the spinal cord was not transected;BC group was given no operations.One week later,the video-urodynamic was performed to observe the acontractile detrusor (ACD),vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and urinary tract dysfunction in rats among the NUTD group,EC group and the BC group.Video-urodynamic assessment was performed at the sixth week after operation.Ureter smooth muscle cells (USMC) were obtained by collagenase digestion.Intracellular Ca2 + in the USMC were observed by laser scanning confocal microscope.Then the effects of Bay K8644(10-8 mol/L,10-7 mol/L,10-6 mol/L) on cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations([Ca2+] i) in NUTD group were studied by calculating the fluorescence intensity.Results ACD and no detrusor overactivity were found in all rats in NUTD group and without vesicoureteral reflux.Immunofluorescence method confirmed that the cells were USMC.Compared with BC group (31.44 ± 2.82) and EC group (32.06 ± 3.67),the fluorescence intensity (FI) of intracellular Ca2 + in USMC was much lower in the NUTD group (9.80 ± 1.11),and there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Bay K8644 (10-8 mol/L,10-7 mol/L,10-6 mol/L) increased the FI of [Ca2 +] i in a concentration-dependent manner,which were 3.80 ± 1.30,10.04 ± 2.15,19.89 ± 2.06,respectively,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The decrease in Ca2 + concentration in the ureter smooth muscle cells may be one of the important factors for the primary ureteral dysfunction of NUTD.And calcium channel agonist can be meaningful for adjusting abnormal Ca2+ concentration in USMC of NUTD.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of triptoquinone B in Radix Folium Seu Flos Tripterygii Wilfordii(RFFTW) and its tablets.Methods An external method with HiQ siL KYA-C_(18)(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column as fixed phase and methanol-1% acetic acid solution((66∶)34) as mobile phase was adopted.The detective wave length was 254 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Results The linearity range was 6.62—105.9 ?g/mL(r=0.999 9),the average recovery of T.wilfordii from Hunan Province was 97.78%,RSD was 1.09%(n=9),and the average recovery of tablet of T.hypoglaucum was 99.83%,RSD was 1.76%(n=9).Conclusion The method is accurate and sensitive.It is adoptable for quantitative analysis of triptoquinone B in RFFTW and its tablets.