BACKGROUND: Contingent negative variation (CNV) is a kind of cerebral evoked potential, which is closely related with mental medicine and psychology.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different manifestations between patients with affective disorder and normal adults in CNV detection.DESIGN: Case-control trial.SETTING: Department of Function, Psychiatric Hospital of Zibo, Shandong Province.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 29 inpatients and outpatients including 14 males and 15 females with affective disorder in the Fifth People's Hospital of Zibo between February 2005 and January 2006 were selected. The guardians were all informed and agreed the content; the diagnosed criteria of the patients were accorded wit h the criteria of DSM-Ⅳ. According to their mental status when hospitalized, the patients were divided into manic episode group and depressive episode group. There were 11 cases in the manic episode group, whose scores of Bech-Rataelson Mania Scale (BRMS)＞16; there were 18 cases in the depressive episode group, including unipolar depression (without history of mania episode) and bipolar depression (with history of mania episode) whose Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)scores ＞ 24. A total of 27 healthy hospital staff were selectedas control group including 14 males and 13 females aged 21-53 years and the mean age was (32.5±5.9) years. There was no significant difference in the age and sex among the three groups.METHODS: The CNV test was carried out in a soundproof room. Seating on a soft chair, the subject kept vigilant and focused on a fixed point in the front. The platinum electrode of 8 mm was attached to the subject's vertex Cz according to the International 10/20 System, referred to the right mastoid. The middle point of 2 eyebrows was grounded. The CNV waveforms were described by a L2-3 XY Functional Plotter. Standard CNV was composed of light signal and click signal. The flashlight and loudspeaker were located at the right back of the examinee. The subject was asked to press the button with his right finger to cut off the short sound as soon as his ears received the imperative click. It would take 2 500 ms for one CNV trial, and 20 trials as one experiment. Every subject was given the experiment for twice, and the standard amplitude was set by inputting a standard voltage of 20 μV to the same recording system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The CNV latency, amplitude B, area of negative expectancy wave before command signal, and area of negative change post-imperative negative variation (PINV) latency of the subjects in the two groups.RESULTS: All the 56 patients were involved in the result analysis.Compared with the control group, the mania group showed higher CNV amplitude [(22.8±4.8) μV; (16.0±5.7) μV; P ＜ 0.01], and the depression group presented smaller A-S2 area [(292.8±161.6)μV2; (412.8±159.9) μV2;P ＜ 0.01], and prolonged PINV latency [(261.9±79.3), (211.9±36.3) ms; P＜ 0.05]. The prolonged PINV latency was found in the unipolar depression group compared with the bipolar depression group [(344.5 ±66.9),(230.4±83.8) ms; P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: CNV and PINV suggest that prolonged latency is the trait maker of the patients with unipolar depression, and CNV amplitude changes belong to the state makers of affective disorder.

Objective To explore Naukan therapy and health education combined with drug treatment clinical efficacy in the treatment of alcohol dependence.Methods The 66 cases of male alcohol dependent patients were randomly divided into study group (33 cases) and control group (33 cases),and both of patients were taking generic drugs.The study group was given Naukan treatment (including centralized within concept and dispersion Vipassana),and the control group received health education (including collective health education and individual health education).Duration of treatment was 4 weeks,the total number of hours were 55.5 h,56 h.Obsessive compulsive drinking scale(OCDS),social support rating scale (SSRS),Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) for the two groups before and after treatment; and follow-up the rate of recovery drink three months after hospital discharge.Results ① OCDS score after treatment in the study group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant ((48.21 ± 2.05) vs.(54.15 ± 2.01),t =11.885,P＜0.01).②After treatment SSRS total score,objective support,subjective support,social utilization factor scores were higher than those in the control group,and differences were statistically significant ((49.05±5.63)vs.(40.15±6.50),t=5.946,P=0.000) ; ((14.32±3.51) vs.(8.72±6.22),t=4.504,P＜ 0.05) ; (27.02±4.26) vs.(19.45±4.92),t=6.682,P=0.000; (10.02±3.30) vs.(7.52±3.86),t=2.828,P=0.006).③MMPI with schizophrenia (Sc),paranoia (Pa),mental weakness (Pt),psychopathy (Pd) ie 8/6/7/4 model-based in two groups,and Sc,Pa,Pd,Pt dimensions of the original sub in study group were lower than those in the control group after treatment,in addition to outside Pt differences were statistically significant ((25.43 ± 6.76) vs.(29.01 ± 6.72),t =2.158,P=0.035; (14.12±6.01) vs.(18.32±6.42),t=2.744,P=0.008; (18.63±6.85) vs.(23.29±6.12),t=2.342,P=0.022).④Redrinking rate in study group was 39.39％ (11/33),and 72.73％ (24/33)in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =7.44,P＜0.05).Conclusion The Naukan therapy combined with general drug treatment can solve the problem of patients with alcohol dependenceof alcohol dependence in the psychological and physiological aspects,and its efficacy is superior to general health education combined drug therapy.

Eccrine spiradenoma usually occurs as solitary tender nodules. However, it rarely occurs as multifocal localized tumors or has zosteriform distribution. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman with a 20-year history of itchy lesions on the left side of the back and forearm with a zosteriform distribution. Before disease onset, almost no patients have inducing factors, but our patient received an injection beforehand; however, whether this was coincidental or causative remains unknown. The lesions became very itchy after perspiration or eating spicy food, which has never been reported. A literature search revealed 22 cases of multiple segmental eccrine spiradenoma; we summarized the clinical characteristic in order to aid diagnosis and treatment selection.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans

Objective To establish a candidate reference method for determination of serum glycated albumin based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography /tandem mass spectrometry(ID-LC/MS). Methods Establishment of a method.According to the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry(JSCC) reference method,the serum albumin was firstly purified by SDS-PAGE and decomposed into amino acid fragments.It selected 2H and 13C respectively as internal standards of lysine and DOF-lysine and chose the lysine and DOF-Lysine as standard material.Then the lysine and DOF-lysine were determined according to peak area after the optimization of analysis conditions.The validity of reference method was verified by the glycated albumin standard material JCCRM611-1 of Japan check medical material institutions.The evaluation of precision depended on the determination of three different concentrations of mixed serum samples for three days.The patients'serum(35 specimens)were determined by this method and a routine test method, and then the correlation of measured value was confirmed.Results The total CV of JCCRM611-1 reference material were 3.2%,2.3% and 2.6%, which had the bias of +2.25%, +2.38%, -1.21% by the deviation values.The intra CV was 0.33%-2.53%,CV for between -run assays was 0.83%-1.32%,total CV ranged from 2.27% to 3.2%.Correlation coefficient of the mass spectrometry and routine enzymatic method is 0.993.Conclusions The ID-LC/MS method for the measurement of serum glycated albumin is precise and accurate.In addition,this method showed great correlation with routine enzymatic method.It can be proposed as a candidate reference method for the determination of serum glycated albumin in China.

were no significant differences in the detection rate of recto-sigmoid colon,mid colon,right colon and total detection of polyps among the 3 groups (P >0.05).Conclusion 4-L split-dose PEG is better than the oth-er 2 regimens in the colon cleansing quality,so it can better reach the intestinal cleaning standards before enteroscopy,which is a more suitable regimen for bowel preparation.

Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus depend on accurate monitor of blood glucose of laboratory.Glycated albumin,the short-term indicator of blood glucose control, has special advantage and role in the monitor of diabetes mellitus and has been payed more and more attention.The standardization work of determination of glycated albumin at home and abroad is still in the primary stage at present.The consistency and accuracy of measurement results for glycated albumin is needed to be solved urgently.

Morita therapy has been bom for more than 100 years.Inpatient Morita therapy is highly oper-able and easy to master.It can improve many refractory neuroses through four-stage treatment.But more neuroses are treated in outpatient clinics,and Morita therapy cannot be used in hospitalized patients.Therefore,the formula-tion of expert opinions on outpatient operations is particularly important.This paper is based on domestic and for-eign references,and after many discussions by domestic Morita therapy experts,and then drew up the first version of the expert opinions on operation of outpatient Morita therapy.Meanwhile the operation rule of Morita therapy in three stages of outpatient treatment was formulated:in the etiological analysis stage,under the theoretical guidance of Morita therapy,analyze the pathogenic factors,to improve treatment compliance and reduce resistance;during the operating stage,guide patients to engage in constructive and meaningful actions,realizing the achievement of letting nature take its course principle;in the cultivating character and enriching life stage,pay attention to positive infor-mation,expanding the scope and content of actions,improving the ability to adapt to complex life,and preventing recurrence caused by insufficient abilities.It will lay a foundation for the promotion of Morita therapy in domestic outpatient clinics,so that more patients with neurosis and other psychological diseases could receive characteristic Morita therapy treatment in outpatient clinics.

BACKGROUNDSleep deprivation (SD) has been used in treatment of depression disorder, and could effectively improve the patients' depressive symptoms.The aim of the study was to explore the effects of SD on electroencephalographic (EEG) and executive function changes in patients with depression.

METHODSEighteen depression patients (DPs) and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the present study. The whole night polysomnography (PSG) was recorded by Neurofax-1518K (Nihon Kohden, Japan) system before and after 36 hours of SD. The level of subjects' depression state was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the executive function was assessed by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).

RESULTSSignificantly decreased sleep latency (SL; before SD: (31.8 ± 11.1) minutes, after SD: (8.8 ± 5.2) minutes, P < 0.01) and REM sleep latency (RL; before SD: (79.8 ± 13.5) minutes, after SD: (62.9 ± 10.2) minutes, P < 0.01) were found after SD PSG in depression patients. Decreased Stage 1 (S1; before SD: (11.7 ± 2.9)%, after SD: (7.3 ± 1.1)%, P < 0.01) and Stage 2 (S2, before SD: (53.8 ± 15.5)%, after SD: (42.3 ± 14.7)%, P < 0.05) of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and increased Stage 3 (S3, before SD: (11.8 ± 5.5)%, after SD: (23.6 ± 5.8)%, P < 0.01) and Stage 4 (S4, before SD: (8.8 ± 3.3)%, after SD: (27.4 ± 4.8)%, P < 0.01) NREM sleep were also found. After SD, the depression level in patients decreased from 6.7 ± 2.1 to 2.9 ± 0.7 (P < 0.01). In WCST, the patients showed significantly decreased Response errors (Re, before SD: 22.3 ± 2.4, after SD: 18.3 ± 2.7, P < 0.01) and Response preservative errors (Rpe, before SD: 11.6 ± 3.6, after SD: 9.3 ± 2.9, P < 0.05). Depression patients' RE (t = 2.17, P < 0.05) and Rpe (t = 2.96, P < 0.01) also decreased significantly compared to healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONSD can improve depression symptom and executive function in depression patients.

Adult ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polysomnography ; methods ; Sleep Deprivation ; physiopathology