OBJECTIVE:To promote the implementation of essential medicine system by combining drug utilization research with national essential medicine system. METHODS:The importance of information monitoring in the implementation of essential medicine system was analyzed and the application of drug utilization research in the implementation of essential medicine system was also discussed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It is suggested that the indicators for example DDDs are used in the monitoring of clinical drug utilization,and conditions also should be created to carry out further research of drug utilization so as to promote the implementation of essential medicine system in China.

Objective To observe the effects of interical epileptiform discharges (IED) on emotional behavior and spatial learning and memory of rats.Methods 76 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group HK/SE (n=23) for kindling with rapidly recurring hippocampal seizure followed by subconvulsive electrical stimulation to hippocampus 13 days later. Group HK (n=20) for hippocampal kindling. Group SE (n=17) for control of electrode implanted in hippocampus without stimulation, and Group NC (n=16) for normal control. The emotional behaviors of experimental animals were tested by the activity in an unfamiliar open field and resistance to capture from the open field, as well as their spatial learning ability in the Morris watermaze.Results The IED rats in Group HK/SE tested 14 days after hippocampal kindling displayed substantial decreases in open-field activity (scale: 17.3?3.6 for NC group, and 4.6?1.3 for IED rats, P

Objective To evaluate the effects of Taoist cognitive psychotherapy on depression of aged patients with cerebral stroke hemiplegia convalescence. Methods Seventy-seven hemiplegia convalescence patients with depression were divided into general treatment group (38 patients, received general back-up psychology therapy) and combined treatment group (39 patients, received general back-up psychology therapy and Taoist cognitive psychotherapy) by random digits table. All patients were treated for 8 weeks and followed up for 6 months. Two groups were evaluated with HAMD and SS-QOL before treatment and at the end of the 2 weeks,4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after treatment. The results were analyzed with statistics. Results In general treatment group, the HAMD scores were gradually decreased, and the HAMD scores of patients after 8 weeks' treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment[(22.35 ± 4.69)scores vs. (29.62 ± 5.95 ) scores,t = 6.425 ,P ＜ 0.01]. At the end of 6 months after treatment, the scores increased [(24.48 ± 4.12 ) scores vs. (22.35 ± 4.69 ) scores, t = 2.014, P ＜ 0.05], but they were lower than those before treatment(t = 4.836, P ＜ 0.01 ). At the end of 6 months after treatment, the SS-QOL scores were lower than those after 8 weeks' treatment (t =2.543,P ＜0.05),but they were higher than those before treatment (t = 2.790,P ＜ 0.05 ). In combined treatment group, the HAMD scores decreased continuously,and the scores after 8 weeks' treatment [(20.08 ± 4.60) scores] and 6 months' treatment [( 15.21 ± 3.42)scores] were significantly lower than those before treatment [( 30.14 ± 4.92 ) scores] (t = 8.341,15.443, P ＜0.01). Meanwhile,the HAMD scores after 6 months'treatment were significantly Iower than those after 8 weeks' treatment (t =4.724,P ＜ 0.01 ). The SS-QOL scores after 8 weeks' treatment [( 117.56 ± 26.22)scores] and 6 months' treatment [(126.57 ±21.82) scores] were significantly higher than those before treatment[(86.54 ± 23.90) scores] (t = 6.716,8.916,P ＜ 0.01 ) ,and there was significantly difference(t=2.378,P ＜ 0.05). The HAMD scores of combined treatment group after 8 weeks' and 6 months' treatment were significantly lower than those of general treatment group at the same time(t = 2.118, P ＜ 0.05 ;t = 8.405,P＜ 0.01 ) ,and SS-QOL scores were significantly higher than those of general treatment group at the same time (t = 3.123,P ＜ 0.05 ;t = 6.580,P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions General back-up psychology therapy combined with Taoist cognitive psychotherapy can improve depression and life quality of cerebral stroke hemiplegia convalescence in aged patients. The effects of Taoist cognitive psychotherapy is slower, but it is more beneficial in the long time.

AIM:To detect the existence of signal joint T-cell receptor excision DNA circles(sjTRECs)of 23 TCR V? subfamilies in mononuclear cells of patients with multiple myeloma(MM),and to evaluate the recent thymic emigrants of corresponding V? subfamily nave T cells in MM patients.METHODS:23 TCR V? subfamily sjTRECs were amplified in genomic DNA from 5?104 PBMCs of 12 cases in MM patients by using semi-nest PCR.10 normal individuals served as controls.RESULTS:The number of detectable V? subfamily sjTRECs was 5.00?2.45 from MM patients,as compared with 9.60?5.48 from normal individuals,the difference was significant(P

Protease activated receptor-2(PAR-2)is a G-protein-coupled receptor.Recent studies indicate that PAR-2 is mainly expressed in leukocytes and activated by pancreatin and(or)tryptase,which subsequently induces inflammation through degranulation of leukocytes.Activation of PAR-2 in leukocytes is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To investigate the expression of Ki-67 antigen and Survivin in epithelial ovarian tumor and their relationship.Methods Immunohistochemical assay SP method)was used to examine the expression of Ki-67 antigen and Survivin in 24 cases of benign and 47 cases of malignant epithelial ovarian tumor.Results The staining reaction of Ki-67 was mainly confined to the cellular nucleus.Ki-67 index in malignant tumor(19.59?16.48) was significantly higher than that in benign epithelial ovarian tumor(0.17?0.20)(P

To improving the teaching quality of the pharmacology theory teaching,we adopt questionnaire to understand the students’ request of teaching method and teaching content,thus to elevate the teaching overall level by raising their ability to teach and study.

Aim To investigate the effect of GW0742 on the endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose
(glucose at 55 mmol · L -1 )in isolated rat thoracic aorta and its related mechanisms.Methods The end
othelium-dependent relaxation of acetylcholine was per-formed in the absence or presence of GW0742 at differ-ent concentrations under high glucose condition.The structure of aorta was observed by HE staining.Moreo-ver,the content of NO was also measured by nitrate re-duction method.The mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and West-ern blot,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation was impaired by high glucose.Meanwhile,the structures of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were also in-terrupted.Furthermore, the expressions of PPARβmRNA and protein reduced while the NF-κB p65 ex-pression increased significantly which occurred in par-
allel with decreasing eNOS expression and NO concen-tration (P <0.01 ).GW0742 (0.01 ,0.1 ,1 μmol· L -1 )restored the relaxation of acetylcholine in a dose-dependent manner,and reversed the mRNA and pro-tein expression of PPARβ,NF-κB p65 and eNOS,as well as NO content (P <0.01 ).Conclusion GW0742 attenuates the injury of endothelial dysfunc-tion induced by high glucose,which may be,at least partly,mediated by the up-regulation of PPARβ,then the down-regulation of NF-κB,and the activation of eNOS-NO signal pathway.

Aim To investigate the effects and mecha-nism of nuclear factor-κ B inhibitor, PDTC, on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion ( GCIR ) rat hippocam-pus. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Daw-ley rats were randomly divided into one control group receiving sham operation and three experimental groups all receiving global cerebral ischemia for 20 min. In PDTC 100 mg·kg-1 group ( P100 ) and PDTC 200 mg ·kg-1 group ( P200 ) , PDTC 100 mg · kg-1 or PDTC 200 mg·kg-1 was injected ip one hour before ischemi-a respectively. Spatial learning and memory function of rats were tested using Morris water maze. HE staining was employed to observe pathological changes of hipp-ocampal neurons. Expression of COX2 was measured by Western blot, and the content of PGI2 and TXA2 in
rat hippocampus was detected by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay. Results A significant increase of es-cape latency was observed in GCIR group compared to the sham operation group(P<0.05). PDTC 100 mg· kg-1 and PDTC 200 mg · kg-1 significantly reduced escape latency ( P <0.05 ) and histopathological injury in CA1 region of hippocampus. PDTC 100 mg · kg-1 and PDTC 200 mg · kg-1 also reduced COX2 expres-sion, PGI2 content, TXA2 content and PGI2/TXA2 . Conclusion Pretreatment with PDTC can protect hip-pocampus from GCIR injury through inhibition of COX2 expression and PGI2/TXA2 .

The objectives of this study are as follows:1) to explore the expression level of alpha hydroxybutyric acid dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and its prognostic significance;and 2) to analyze the relationship amongα-HBDH, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG), so as to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic sig-nificance. Methods:The expression levels of serumα-HBDH, LDH, andβ2-MG were examined in 104 patients with NHL before and after treatment. The relations among the levels of serum LDH,α-HBDH, andβ2-MG, as well as their connection with the patients' age, gender, disease stage, and pathological type, were explored. Results:Serumα-HBDH level increased in 35%of the patients and showed a significant correlation with LDH andβ2-MG. Significant differences were observed forα-HBDH andβ2-MG at different stages but not for LDH. Significant differences were observed betweenα-HBDH and LDH for different pathological types, but none was found inβ2-MG. The three serum enzymes did not exhibit any significant difference for different ages and genders. Levels of serum LDH andα-HBDH showed considerable difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment of patients. Serumβ2-MG level did not show any significant change after two or three cycles of chemotherapy. Conclusion:The expression level of serumα-HBDH increases in patients with NHL, is positively correlated with the levels of LDH andβ2-MG, and is highly relevant to disease stage and pathological type, regardless of the patients' age and gender. Serumα-HBDH is expected to be a new NHL indicator for tumor load, disease severity, and prognosis.