Objective To investigate the protective effects of chitooligosaccharides on chemical hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) in mice.Methods Liver injury model was established by administration of CCl_4 in mice.The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in hepatic tissue were measured.The hepatic histological changes were observed by optical microscope. Results Chitooligosaccharides(given at 167,500mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)for 7 days) remarkably inhibited the rises of serum ALT and AST,and decreased the content of MDA in hepatic tissues in mice,meanwhile increased the activities of SOD in hepatic tissues.Furthermore,the pathological changes were also significantly improved in the mice of treating group.Conclusion Chitooligosaccharides had protective effects on the acute hepatic injury induced by CCl_4 in mice.

In the event of public health emergencies,information publicity is necessary and important.Currently,China's information publicity system in public health emergencies has achieved a certain success in the building of legal system;however,there are still a lot of constraints,in particular the lack of subjective consciousness of government officials,seriously affecting the implementation of information publicity.Therefore,for further improvement in the information publicity,the driving mechanism should be standardized and specified.

Objective To investigate the circadian rest-activity and sleep-wake rhythm patterns in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Method Actigraphy and daily record of sleep were used to study the circadian rest-activity and sleep-wake rhythm patterns of the patients with MCI and of 20 age-matched normal people (control group). Results Compared with control group, the time in bed was significantly longer in MCI group (P

Objective To study the early diagnostic value of CT for children with cerebral palsy.Methods CT manifestations of 124 cases with cerebral palsy were analysed retrospectively. Results 96 cases of the 124 cases showed a recognisable abnormality,the abnormal rate of CT was about 77.42％ ,and the most common abnormality was cerebral atrophy.Spastic type was the most common clinical type(71.77％ ).The less of the age,the higher of the abnormal rate of CT. Conclusion Although CT isn't the main basis of the diagnosis of cerebral palsy,it's helpful for us to find the pathological changes,and to find the eliology and location.It also provided basis for us to judge the prognosis of cerebral palsy.So CT has significant value in the early diagnosis of cerebral palsy.

The object of medical research is human life,thus the understanding level of human being determines medical mode and the development of medical science.The origin of Marx's theory on human being is the realistic human,which provides methodological basis for reflecting on the biomedical faults from a logical perspective.Marx held that technology is the objectization of the essential power of human being,while technology under the context of capitalist production relations has been turned into certain means to control workers.Tend of dissimilation also arises in some modern medical fields,thus serious reflection and criticism are in great need.The overall development of human being is the core content in Marx's theory on human being.Since modern medicine is during the transition from bio-medical model to bio-psycho-social medial model,the new medical model calls for an overall development of main body in all aspects including qualification,ability,and social relations,etc.

Objective To determine the dose-effect curve of fentanyl with respect to the suppression of somatic or hemodynamic responses to skin incision when plasma propofol concentration was maintained at 3 ?g?ml-1 by target-controlled infusion (TCI) .Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients aged 31-65 yrs undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Anesthesia was induced with TCIs of fentanyl and propofol. The patients were randomized to receive fentanyl by TCI at a target plasma concentration of 1.0, 1.5, 2.25 or3.38 ng?ml-1 . The target plasma propofol concentration was set at 3 ?g?ml-1 in all patients. The patients were intubated when the patients failed to respond to verbal command and eyelash reflex was lost. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 1 mg?kg-1. MAP, HR, ECG and SpO2 were monitored before and during anesthesia. The duration between the start of TCIs and skin incision was longer than 30 min for fentanyl and 15 min for propofol to ensure that the effect-site drug concentrations reached the steady-state. The changes in BP and HR and body / limb movement and other signs of inadequate depth of anesthesia like lacrimation, flushing and sweating during and immediately after skin incision were recorded. The fentanyl plasma concentrations (predicted target concentration) at which 50% of the patients did not respond to skin incision (Cp50) were calculated. Results The Cp50 of fentanyl based on somatic response was 1.84 ng?ml-1 . Its 95% confidince interval ranged from 1.46 ng?ml-1 to 2.33 ng?ml-1 . The Cp50 of fentanyl based on hemodynamic response was 2.67 ng?ml-1 with a 95% confidence interval from 1.96 ng?ml-1 to3.62 ng?ml-1. Conclusion When anesthesia is induced with TCIs of propofol and fentanyl, if target plasma propofol is set at 3 ?g?ml-1 , target fentanyl plasma concentration should be set at least at 5.12 ng?ml-1 to ensure adequate depth of anesthesia for skin incision.

ObjectiveTo enhance the fund efficiency of dental research programs supported by National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) and to reveal the achievements and progresses of the funds.MethodsThe data of programs in dental and craniofacial field supported by NSFC from 1999 to 2006 and completed between 2003 and 2009 were collected based on the final reports by the investigators.The data of personnel training,research publication,patent,awards,and academic communication at domestic and international levels were all collected and analysed. Results There were 307 grants in total,including 185 general programs,73 Young Scientists Funds,13 regional funds,3 Key Programs,1 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and 32 others.An average of 4 postgraduate students was trained by each program.In general,the outcomes of general programs were better than those of Young Scientists Fund,and the latter was better than regional fund.There was steady increase each year in the amount of papers published in SCI journals,and about half of the investigators published SCI papers.In addition,9 patents were registered and 13 prizes were won, and the investigators participated 610 domestic and international exchanges.Conclusions The continuously increase of NSFC support in dental field has led to substantial achievement,although patent application,the quality of papers and novel ideas need to be improved.

BACKGROUND:It is confirmed that astrocytes can differentiate into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation, suggesting that Schwann cells may also differentiate into neurons by gene regulation.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of Schwann cells differentiating into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation.
METHODS:Rats Schwann cells were isolated, purified and identified. Then the Schwann cells were transfected with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus. To induce neuronal differentiation, the Schwann cells were cultured in serum-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for 2 weeks. The morphology of induced cells was observed by microscope, and myelin basic protein and neuron-specific enolase were detected by immunocytochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After transfection with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus and induced differentiation, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that 12.56%of the induced cellexpressed neuron-specific enolase, but the control group did not express neuron-specific enolase. Neurogenin2 gene-transfected Schwann cells can express neuron-specific enolase, suggesting Neurogenin2 gene may regulate transdifferentiation of Schwann cells into neurons.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD86 on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) peripheral B cells and the effect of triptolide (TL) on it.Methods The percentage of CD86 + B cells was detected by flow cytometer when the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was freshly seperated or after cultured with TL in different concentration for 48 hours.Results The percentage of CD86 + B cells of SLE patients was higher than that of normal controls either when the PBMC was freshly separated ( P

Objective To study the differences of clinical and histopathologic features between ischemic colitis (IC) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which can make for the differential diagnosis and treatments. Methods Comparative analysis were focused on the clinical and histopathologic data of IC patients (20 cases) and UC patients (30 eases). Results The onset duration of IC [(5±7) d] was significantly shorter than that of UC [(953±1354) d]. IC patients tended to have history of cadiovascular diseases or abdominal surgery (65%). The typical clinical manifestations of IC were sudden onset of abdominal pain (85%), hematochezia (60%)and diarrhea (50%), but UC usually presented with abdominal pain (83%), diarrhea (63%), bloody mucopurulent stool (57%) and tenesmus (20%). Colonoscopy showed longitudinal ulceration (60%)on the mesenteric side, the segmental lesions usually involved only 1/4-1/2 of the perimeter of the lumen (80%), and the boundary of lesions was clear (75%) in IC patients. On the contrary, the ulcer of UC was usually map-like (43%), the lesions usually involved the entire lumen (90%), and the pseudopolyp (37%) was another colonoscopic feature of UC. The histopathologic study revealed that dilation and hyperaemia of vessels (90%) were common in IC. Severe edema of mucosa (95%) was usually presented in IC, and the thickened vascular wall (50%) was the histopathologic characteristic of IC.Crypt abscesses (47%) usually appeared in UC. Conclusions The histopathologic characteristics and differences of colonoscopic findings and clinical features provide strong bases for the differentialdiagnosis between IC and UC.