The principle of the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve, along with constructing curve, a cutoff value between therapeutic and non-therapeutic concentration, formula for calculation, and statistic analysis, was introduced. Illustrated by an example, ROC was an important tool in analysis of the fixed effect model. It can beapplied to determine the relationship between a blood concentration and its action, probability of certain concentration producing therapeutic action, and high or low limit of therapeutic window, etc.

In clinical and experimental therapeutics, the quantitative analysis of drug interaction will supply a tool for optimizing and evaluating a combination in the study of compound drug, the design of combination drug therapy, and the evaluation of traditional medicine formulae. This paper listed the systematic methods of the quantitative analysis, including the weighted modification method for optimizing constituents, doses and ratio in combination, the parameter method and the reflection method for dynamic analysis of drug interaction, and a comprehensive method for multiple response indexes. The software CoDrug about these methods also was introduced.

Qualitative data are often converted to quantitative data by ranking in pharmacodynamical statistics. Some common questions were listed and discussed with examples in this paper, including ranking method and the selection of statistical method.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of antisense human telomerase RNA(hTR) gene on implanted hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.Methods: HepG2 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c nude mice at the axilla to establish implanted hepatocellular carcinoma model.The retrovirus plasmid containing antisense telomerse RNA(PLXSN-hTR-BamHⅠ) was injected into the tumor(0.2 ml every time,5 times).Retrovirus plasmid containing sense telomerase RNA(PLXSN-hTR-EcoRⅠ) and normal saline were inoculated as control groups.Tumor volume was determined and the inhibitory rate was calculated.Tumor necrosis was observed by histological analysis and cell apoptosis was analyzed by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results: Tumor growth in antisense hTR group was significantly inhibited compared with the two control groups.The tumor inhibitory rate(26.78%) of antisense hTR group was significantly higher than that of sense hTR group(1.93%,P

Objective To compare the survival of Schwann cells and the effects of induce axon regeneration after peripheral nerve grafted into spinal cord Methods A total of 30 adult,female Wistar rats were used in this study,and a 5 mm cord defect of the left lateral column was made at T 1 3 vertebral level The defect was grafted randomly using vascularized (group VN) or free peripheral nerve (group PN) respectively 8 weeks after surgery,the survival and proliferation of Schwann cells were assessed by histological,histomorphometric analysis Results In group VN,peripheral nerve segment was well innervated,plenty of Schwann cells were survived and proliferated In this group,anti NF,S 100 positives fibers were significantly greater than group PN Conclusion The vascularized peripheral nerve could prompt the survival and proliferation of Schwann cells and support the regeneration of central injured axons to certain degrees

Objective To investigate the satisfaction status of patients in the Community Health Service Center,and to provide the basis data for reform and development of the Community Health Service Center in future. Methods 481 patients and 9 Community Health Service Center in Shenyang were randomly recruited in this study by the cluster sampling survey.Several trained interviewers used questionnaires to collect requisite information.Results In the all community health professionals,including technical level,therapeutic efficacy,preventive health service, service attitude and requirement satiation,the trust status of patients was the highest,the rates of satisfaction and very satisfaction got to 92.8%.The satisfaction status for preventive health service was the lowest,only 67.7%.In analysis on influencing factors,medical insurance of patients was the important factor for their satisfaction status.There were significant differences in technical level (χ2 =22.61 ,P <0.01 ),therapeutic efficacy (χ2 =21 .52,P <0.01 ), preventive health service (χ2 =1 4.35,P <0.05),service attitude (χ2 =22.43,P <0.01 ),requirement satiation (χ2 =22.30,P <0.01 ),the trust status of patients (χ2 =1 7.81 ,P <0.01 ).In addition,age and education degree also were the factors on the satisfaction status of patients.There were significant differences among different age group in therapeutic efficacy (χ2 =33.38,P <0.01 ),preventive health service (χ2 =24.43,P <0.05 ),requirement satiation (χ2 =26.55,P <0.01 ),the trust status of patients (χ2 =22.39,P <0.05 ).There were significant differences among different education degree in therapeutic efficacy (χ2 =1 5.79,P <0.05),service attitude (χ2 =1 4.63,P <0.05)and the trust status of patients (χ2 =1 3.50,P <0.05).Conclusion The satisfaction status of patients for service attitude is the highest and age,education degree and medical insurance of patients are the important factors influencing satisfaction status of patients.

Aim To set up a novel animal model of intra-abdominal adhesion and to determine whether the tissue plasminogen activator activity (PAA) in exudate can be taken as an indicator to judge the formation of the adhesion. Methods　Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Each animal in both groups was opened the abdominal cavity via midline laparotomy without any disinfectant measures. 2-cm section from the cecal end was clamped and ligated, 1-cm cecum of the section was cut, and another 1-cm end from the ligated site was kept. After the content in the end was extruded, the cecum was put back without using any antibacterial agent. Before the skin closure, an effective combination AMD (allantoin, metronidazole and dexamethasone in combination), was given (ip) according to 1.5 ml per 100 g body weight (60.6 mg·kg-1). The control group was injected (ip) the same volume of normal saline. After 6 h, the exudate was extracted from drainage-tube, with the rats varying posture, and after 1 kw, the rats were killed for examining the intra-abdominal adhesion. The values of PAA of exudate in both groups were analyzed by the relative operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results　In the control group, all 20 rats formed the adhesions, the amount of exudate=(1.25±0.09) ml, the number of WBC(×103)=(23.1±6.6) mm3 and PAA=(0.9±0.4) IU·ml-1 in the exudate of abdominal cavity. In AMD group, however, there was not the adhesion formations (0/20), the amount of exuade was (0.52±0.04) ml (P<0.01), the number of WBC (×103) (10.6±4.2) mm3 (P<0.01), and PAA (23.1±6.6) IU·ml-1(P<0.01) in exuade.ROC analysis indicated that if PAA >1.24 IU·ml-1 in the exuade, the adhesion was difficult to form, and vice versa. Conclusion　This animal model can be taken as an effective tool to evaluate the human adhesion related to multi-links on the pathogenesis, and the PAA in exudate an indicator to judge intra-abdominal adhesion formation.

A novel type of carbon nanotube-coated Au nanoparticle and [bmim]BF4 composite modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated by a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The electrochemical performance of acetaminophen (ACOP) on the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The Nafion/GNPs/RTIL/MWNTs/GC electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of ACOP and accelerated electron transfer between the electrode and ACOP. For ACOP, the reversible electrochemical process was observed on the Nafion/GNPs/RTIL/MWNTs/GC electrode, while irreversible electrochemical process occurred on the GC electrode. For the Nafion/GNPs/RTIL/MWNTs/GC electrode, the anodic peak potential of ACOP was moved from 0.562 V to 0.413 V, with a potential drop of 149 mV. At the same time, the reduction peak potential was 0.384 V, and the potential difference was only 29 mV. It was shown that the modified electrode possessed higher electrocatalytic activity and more sensitive effect for the detection of ACOP than both MWNTs/GC electrode and GC electrode. The effects of the different experimental conditions on the electrochemical behaviors of ACOP were explored. Under the optimum conditions of preparation and experimental, the linear calibration curves of ACOP were obtained in a wide range of 2 x 10(-1) to 4.0 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) with a correlation coefficient 0.999 2 and a detection limit of 2.6 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1) (the ratio of signal to noise, 3:1). The recovery rate was 97.9%-100.8%. This method can be used to determine ACOP in paracetamol tablets with satisfactory results.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of mechanical perfusion preservation kidney transplantation in donor after cardiac death (DCD),and to explore the effect of mechanical perfusion preservation of DCD on renal function recovery.Methods The clinical data of 186 patients undergoing DCD kidney transplantation from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Sixty-eight DCD donor's kidneys were preserved by LifePortpreservation (low temperature mechanical perfusion group),118 DCD donor's kidneys were preserved by static low temperature preservation (static low temperature preservation group).The renal function recovery,the incidence of primary non-function,delayed graft function and infection,and the survival rate of patients and renal grafts were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender,age,hemodialysis ratio,dialysis time,BMI,warm ischemia time and cold ischemia time (P＞0.05).There was significant difference in creatinine value between the two groups at 1st week (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in creatinine at 3rd,6th,12th,24th and 36th month (P＞0.05).There was significant difference in the incidence of DGF between two groups (P＜0.05),but no significant difference in the incidence rate of PNF,AR and infection,and the survival rate of patient and renal graft between two groups (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in 1-and 3-year survival rate of the recipients and transplanted kidney between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion LifePort can significantly reduce the incidence of DGF as compared with static cold preservation.The resistance index and perfusion flow of the LifePort have important significance to assess the renal quality.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and side effects of icotinib combined with a subarachnoid space implantable pump for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from lung adenocarcinoma. Methods:Seven cases of LM from lung adeno-carcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation were included in the study from March 2011 to September 2015. With the aid of anesthetists, all patients were implanted with subarachnoid space implantable pumps to drain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and then treated with icotinib (125 mg, three times a day) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. After 4 weeks, the efficacy and tolerability of icotinib were evaluated on the basis of symptoms, tumor markers from CSF, and brain gadolinium-enhanced magnet-ic resonance imaging scans. Results:Among the seven patients evaluated, no patient had complete response, two patients had partial response, four had stable disease, and one had progression. The patient who was progressive died at a month after therapy. The sur-vival time of all the other patients was more than 4 months. The common adverse effects of icotinib were skin rash and diarrhea, main-ly in grades 1 and 2. No infection of the local subarachnoid drainage tube was found in the abdominal wall. Conclusion:Icotinib com-bined with a subarachnoid space implantable pump for the treatment of LM from lung adenocarcinoma may be effective, and the tox-icities are tolerable. This method could also obviously alleviate the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of the patients, worthy of further study.