BACKGROUND: Nowadays complex bone defects have become a great challenge to orthopedists. A synergistic contribution of various growth factors and a crosstalk between their signaling pathways have been suggested as determinatives for the overall osteogenic outcome.OBJECTIVE: To develop calcium phosphate cement (CPC) incorporated with γ-polyglutamic acid/carboxymethyl chitosan (PGA/CMCS), and to evaluate its physical and chemical properties and sustained-release function. METHODS: The γ-PGA/CMCS polymer composites were prepared by graft copolymerization and spray freeze drying methods, and then loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) growth factor. CPC served as control group, and γ-PGA/CMCS-CPC containing different contents of rhBMP-2 as experimental groups. A γ-PGA/CMCS-CPC scaffold with regular blade-like crystalline structure was fabricated by injection compression molding. Before mixed with the liquid phase, the solid additives were properly mixed by wet method of CPC solid and the γ-PGA/CMCS carrier, then the pre-blended mix was freeze-dried. The setting time and compressive strength of bone cement in each group were detected, and the microstructure of the material surface was observed under scanning electron microscopy. In vitro release of rhBMP-2 was investigated. The effect of bone cement extracts on cell proliferation was determined through MTS assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: γ-PGA/CMCS-CPC had the same physicochemical properties to the CPC. Initial and final setting time, compressive strength of bone cement had no significant differences among groups. The scanning electron microscope results showed that the γ-PGA/CMCS-CPC scaffold was covered by regular blade-like crystalline structure and the γ-PGA/CMCS particles were uniformly dispersed in the CPC crystals. A sustained release of rhBMP-2 was observed from the γ-PGA/CMCS-CPC. The cell experiments exhibited that the samples with regular blade-like crystalline structure had better cell response compared to CPC control groups with irregular crystalline structure. These findings indicate that γ-PGA/CMCS-CPC can maintain good physicochemical properties, and release growth factor or drug to promote bone formation.

This study aims to save cost of sampling for estimating the area under the amlodipine plasma concentration versus time curve in 24 hours (AUC(0-24 h)). Limited sampling strategy (LSS) models was developed and validated by mutiple regression model within 4 or fewer amlodipine concentration values. Absolute prediction error (APE), root of mean square error (RMSE) and visual predict check were used as criterion. The results of Jackknife validation showed that fifteen (9.4%) of the 160 LSS based on regression analysis were not within an APE of 15% by using one concentration-time point. 156 (97.5%), 159 (99.4%) and 160 (100%) of the 160 LSS model were capable of predicting within an APE 15% by using 2, 3, 4 points, separately. Limited sampling strategies have been developed and validated for estimating AUC(0-24 h) of amlodipine. The present study indicated that the implemention of both 5 mg and 10 mg dosage could enable accurate predictions of AUC(0-24 h) by the same LSS model. This study shows that 12, 4, 24, 2 h after administration are key sampling time points. The combination of (12, 4), (12, 4, 24) or (12, 4, 24, 2 h) might be chosen as sampling hours for predicting AUC(0-24 h) in practical application according to requirement.

This article reviews the recent studies on H2O2 adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When the cell exposed in the H2O2 sub-lethal doses, the plasma membrane permeability decreased, meanwhile the plasma membrane fluidity is minished. These changes resulted in a gradient across the plasma membrane, which conferring a higher resistance to oxidative stress. Recent work has also shown that the yeast cells adapted to H2O2 would lead to several changes in the expression of genes coding the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipid profile and in the organization of lipid microdomains of the plasma membrane, which finally decreased its' permeability and fluidity. The reorganization of the plasma membrane might be the major mechanism of the H2O2 adaptation. Once the yeast cells adapted to the external H2O2, changes in plasma occurred. The H2O2 dependent signaling pathways in the plasma membrane might be activated by high levels of H2O2. But the details of the signaling events should still be further studies.
Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cytology ; drug effects ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and collapse with intravertebral vacuum sign.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical and radiological data of 31 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures and collapse with intravertebral vacuum sign treated by PKP from June 2009 to June 2011.Vertebrae body variation,visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) before operation,during follow-up at postoperative one week and at postoperative 3-6 months were used as outcome measurements.Results All the patients went through operations successfully and presented significant mitigation of low back pain in 24 hours after operation.The vertebrae body height at postoperative one week [(17.2 ±4.2) mm] and at postoperative 3-6 months [(16.8 ±5.1)mm] were statistically different from that before operation [(11.4 ± 1.7) mm,P ＜0.01],while there was no statistical difference between the two follow-ups (P ＞ 0.05).VAS and ODI at postoperative one week [(2.8 ± 1.7) points and (31.6 ± 8.4) points] were statistically different from those before operation [(8.6 ± 1.3) points and (78.3 ±8.5) points,P＜0.01].VAS and ODI at postoperative 3-6 months [(2.3 ±0.8) points and (23.7 ± 2.3) points] presented statistical differences from those before operation (P ＜ 0.01),but no statistical differences from those at postoperative one week (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PKP obtains satisfactory clinical outcomes,for it relieves low back pain and restores vertebral body height.

Objective To study the effectiveness and safety of methods of transurethral bipolar plasmakinetie prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia with large volume.Methods The transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic prostatectomy with Nesbit (Nesbit group,45 cases)and prying-up technique (pryhag-up group,60 cases)were performed in 105 patients of the prostatic volume of more than 60 g.The results could be obtained by comparing operative time,intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and the time of postoperative sustained washing of the bladder between the two groups.Results In Nesbit group,the efficiency of average cutting gland was (0.79±0.17)g/min,the average intraoperative blood loss was (3.87± 1.09)ml/g,the decrease in postoperative Hb within 24 hours was (6.84±3.96)g/L,the average time of postoperative continuous washing of the bladder was 72 hours,8 patients were given by blood transfusion.In prying-up group,the corresponding data were(1.16±0.20) g/min,(1.60±0.64)ml/g,(3.87±2.33 )g/L,36 hours respectively,none of patients was given by blood transfusion.There were statistically significant in two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The adoption of prying-up is more favorable compared with Nesbit method in the aspects such as less blood loss,shorter operating time,less lotion,more thorough resection of the gland,higher security.It is conducive to delivering lecture,and it enables the standard operational procedure available.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban in the preven-tion of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery. METHODS:Totally 276 patients with high risk factors after spinal surgery were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The patients in the two groups were used elastic stockings to physi-cally prevent deep venous thrombosis from the postoperative first day to continue 3 months;based on it,control group was subcuta-neously injected with 1 low molecular weight heparin from the postoperative first day,once a day. Observation group was orally treated with 1 Rivaroxaban tablet,once every night. The treatment course for 2 groups was 2 weeks. The clinic data was observed, including clinical efficacy,superficial femoral vein diameter(FSV),popliteal vein diameter(POPV),prothrombin time(PT),fi-brinogen degradation products(FIB)and D- dimer(DD)before and after treatment,incidence of deep venous thrombosis and ad-verse reactions. RESULTS:There were no significant differences in the total effective rate and deep venous thrombosis and inci-dence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). After 3 months,compared with before,there were no significant differences in the FSV and POPV between 2 groups (P>0.05);POPV in control group was significantly lower than before and observation group, there was statistical significance(P<0.05). After 1 week,compared with before,there was no significant difference in the PT be-tween 2 groups(P>0.05);the FIB and D-D were significantly higher than before,there was statistical significance(P<0.05), however,there were no significant differences between 2 groups(P>0.05);after 4 weeks,PT in 2 groups was significantly high-er than before,there was statistical significance(P<0.05),however,there were no significant differences between 2 groups(P>0.05);FIB and D-D were significantly higher than before,and observation group was lower than control group,there was statisti-cal significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban in the pre-vention of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery are good. However,rivaroxaban is better than low molecular weight heparin in improving blood coagulation function.

Objective To introduce a new modified percutaneous dilational tracheostomy and compare the application effect of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy with modified percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in the treatment of critically ill patients. Methods A total of 60 critically ill patients undergoing tracheotomy were selected , and they were randomly divided into two groups according to the methods of tracheotomy. Sex, age, weight, body mass index, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, operation time, incision size, intraoperative blood loss, incision healing time, incidences of complications after operation were compared between the two groups. Results There were not statistically significant differences of in sex, age, weight, body mass index, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation between percutaneous dilational tracheostomy group and modified percutaneous dilational tracheostomy group (P>0.05). Operation time, incision size and intraoperative blood loss of modified percutaneous dilational tracheostomy group was statistically significantly shorter than that of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy group [(5.80 ± 1.19) min vs. (7.65 ± 1.05) min, (8.33 ± 3.30) ml vs. (11.33 ± 4.34) ml, (1.08 ± 2.96) cm vs. (1.27 ± 2.54) cm] (P<0.05). The incision healing time and incidence of complications after operation of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy group had no statistical significance compared with modified percutaneous dilational tracheostomy group (P>0.05). Conclusions The modified percutaneous dilational tracheostomy can save operation time, and reduce intraoperative blood loss, so it can be widely used.

Objective To detect the blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices of the F1 generation of Rongshui miniature pig ( RMP) .Methods The blood of 43 female and 42 male RMPs of 4 th month old, and 36 RMPs of 12th month old ( half male and female) were extracted from jugular vein.And the blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices were detected by blood analyzer and automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In the same month-old RMP, no significant difference between male and female were found in most indices of blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices.On the other hand, many indices were difference between 4th month old and 12th month old RMPs of same gender.Compared with the 4th month old RMP, the 12th month old RMP decreased significantly in WBC and PLT, increased in HGB ( P <0.05 ) while RBC was the same ( P >0.05 ) .Serum ALT, AST, ALP, CK (male), LDH(male), A/G, BUN, GLU (female), CHOL (male) and K+decreased significantly (P <0.05), while serum TP, TBIL, CR and Ca2+increased significantly (P <0.05),but serum CHOL, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were not different.86.4%(19/22) biochemical and electrolyte indices in RMP were in/or close to the range of normal value of human.Conclusion Most of the blood parameter, blood biochemical and electrolyte indices of RMP were close to human’ s normal value.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between ATPase Family AAA Domain Containing 3A (ATAD3A) expression level in gastric cancer tissue and chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis.Methods:Eighty-six patients with advanced gastric cancer admitted to Shandong Second Rehabilitation Hospital from June 2020 to July 2021 were included in this study. Gastric cancer tissue and paracancer tissue samples were collected. ATAD3A expression level in gastric cancer tissue was detected using immunohistochemical staining with the SP method. ATAD3A expression was compared between gastric cancer tissue and paracancer tissue. The relationship between ATAD3A expression and clinical pathological parameters was analyzed. The relationship between ATAD3A expression level in gastric cancer tissue and chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis was analyzed.Results:The ATAD3A-positive expression rate in the gastric cancer tissue was 75.58% (65/86), which was significantly higher than 43.02% (37/86) in the paracancer tissue ( χ2 = 18.89, P < 0.001). The expression level of ATAD3A in gastric cancer tissues was not correlated with gender, age, tumor diameter, clinical stage or lymph node metastasis (all P > 0.05). The proportion of low differentiation and distant metastasis in patients with ATAD3A-positive expression was significantly higher than that in patients with ATAD3A-negative expression ( χ2 = 5.71, 6.17, both P < 0.05). The total response rate of chemotherapy in patients with ATAD3A-positive expression was 60.00% (39/65), which was significantly lower than 85.71% (18/21) in patients with ATAD3A-negative expression ( χ2 = 4.55, P = 0.033). Of 86 patients, 59 were sensitive to paclitaxel and 56 to capecitabine. The sensitivity of paclitaxel and capecitabine in the ATAD3A-positive group was lower than that in the blank control group ( χ2 = 6.17, 5.19, both P < 0.05). After 1 year of follow-up, the cumulative survival rate in patients with ATAD3A-positive expression was 43.08% (28/65), which was significantly lower than 71.43% (15/21) in patients with ATAD3A-negative expression ( χ2 = 5.24, P < 0.05). The survival time of patients with ATAD3A-positive expression was (8.47 ± 2.13) months, which was significantly shorter than (13.62 ± 1.49) months for patients with ATAD3A-negative expression ( t = 6.29, P < 0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed low differentiation ( HR = 6.22, 95% CI: 1.537-25.240), distant metastasis ( HR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.396-4.742), and positive expression of ATAD3A ( HR = 10.60, 95% CI: 2.631-42.715) were independent factors that affect the survival time of patients with gastric cancer after chemotherapy ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:ATAD3A is expressed in gastric cancer tissue. Its expression level is closely related to chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis. It provides an important reference value for the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of X-ray guided endoscopic gastrojejunostomy using stent in treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction ( GOO ) . Methods Six hospitalized patients with malignant GOO underwent X-ray guided endoscopic gastrojejunostomy using stent in the department of gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University between March 2017 and June 2017. The technical success rate, clinical success rate, procedure time, adverse events and follow-up were recorded and analyzed in this retrospective study. Results The stent was successfully placed in the 6 patients with 100％ ( 6/6) technical success rate. The mean procedure time was 91. 7±51. 8 min. After the procedure, all patients were fed liquid or semi-liquid diet, and the GOO score system was increased from 0-1 before operation to 2-3 after operation. The clinical success rate was 100％(6/6). Peritonitis was observed in 2 patients during operation, and resolved by abdominal drainage. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 1 patient after operation, which was resolved with conservative treatment. During a mean follow-up period of 78. 6 days (range 32-100 days), there was no recurrence of obstruction symptoms except that 1 patient died because of tumor progress 60 days after procedure. Conclusion The X-ray guided endoscopic gastrojejunostomy using stent is feasible and safe to treat malignant GOO with a reliable short-term efficacy.