Objective:To analyze whether medical insurance and environment protective behaviors could alleviate the influence of environmental pollutions on individual health status.Methods:Using the data of CGSS(2010) to conduct the empirical analysis based on Logit model.Results:Residents' choice on medical insurance and environment protective behaviors could alleviate the damage of environmental pollutions on health.Compared with the young and middle-aged,the elderly effectively alleviated the damage brought by environment pollutions through participating medical insurance.Compared with the low-educated individuals the high-educated inviduals' choices for environment protective behavior could effec tively release the damages brought by environmental pollutions.Conclusion:The government should advocate environmental protective behaviors,provide full coverage of medical insurances to let individuals alleviate the damages of environmental pollutions by their rational choice.More emphasis should be paid to the damage of environmental pollutions on the elderly group and individuals with lower education.

Objective To study the role of changes of oropharyngeal microflora in pathogenesis of post-traumatic ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods Forty-five patients with post-traumatic VAP treated with intubation and mechanical ventilation were involved in the study.Microbiologic cultures and drug-sensitivity test of oropharyngeal secretions,subglottic secretions,sputum from deep airway and gastric fluid samples were performed at days 1,3,7 and 14 after mechanical ventilation.The stool samples were collected to detect the coccus and bacillus ratio and the fungus.The concordance rate of microflora among subglottic secretions,sputum,gastric fluid and oropharyngeal secretions were compared. Results The main pathogens for VAP patients were gram-negative bacilli.The study showed an increase in aspects of the positive rate of etiology cultures of subglottic secretions,sputum and gastric fluid samples,the concordance rate of microflora among subglottic secretions,sputum,gastric fluid and oropharyngeal secretions and the number of ESBL + and multi-resistant bacteria,along with the prolonged mechanical ventilation. Conclusions The changes of oropharyngeal microflora are closely associated with the development of VAP.The enterobacteria in the gastric cavity always reversely colonize in the oropharynx and the retrograde stomach-pharynx-lower respiratory tract infection is a major infection route of VAP.

0.05), higher than those in the nighttime (t=3.63,3.16;P

Objective To comparethe effects of four different emergency fixation methods for the open tibiofibular fractures on the treatment and prognosis of the multiple trauma patients. Methods A comparative study was carried out on the effect offour different early fixation methods on the fracture and the multiple trauma in aspects of the short-term indicators including mortality rate,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),fat embolism syndrome(FES),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),ICU stay and the long-term indicators including wound healing time,fracture healing time,rate of joint function recovery and fracture complications in 43 multiple trauma patients. Results The locked intramedullary nail wag better than the other fLxation methods including the calcaneal traction,the gypsum external fixation and the internal fixation with steel plate and extemal fixation support in most indexes(P<0.05,0.01). Conclusion The locked intramedullary nail can significantly decrease the incidence rate of complications and obtain sound fracture healing for the patients with multiple trauma combined with open tibiofibular fractures(types Gnstilo Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲa).

Objective To explore the risk factors of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with traumatic fractures so as to provide references for prevention of DVT. Methods A total of 1 068 patients with traumatic fractures were involved in the study to analyze the incidence of DVT under 43 risk factors including general state, injury type, fracture condition and operation and screen significant factors for multiple factor analysis. Results The total incidence rate of DVT in 1 068 patients was 12.0%. The univariate analysis showed that male patients at age ＞60 years, with BMI≥25 kg/m2, history of smoking, lack of exercises, history of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease had higher incidence rate of DVT. In different injury types, the fall injury caused the highest incidence rate of DVT (45.6%). There were different DVT rates for different fracture position,with the highest incidence rate of DVT for femur shaft fracture (20.5%). The incidence rate of DVT was 51.7% for fractures of more than three parts, 14.2% for fractures of two parts and only 3.7% for sole part. The incidence rate of DVT for comminuted fractures was higher than the overall rate. The operation duration, massive transfusion during operation and epidural anesthesia were related with the increase of incidence of DVT. Multivariate analysis found nine independent risk factors and showed that the more risk factors were, the higher incidence of DVT was. Conclusions The risk factors of DVT for traumatic fractures include age ＞60 years, BMI≥25 kg/m2, history of smoking, fall injury, more than three parts of fractures, comminuted fractures, operation duration ＞ 2 hours, massive transfusion during operation and epidural anesthesia.

The influence of MRI on severity grading and activity staging in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) was evaluated.The results showed that MRI had a higher detection rate in abnormal extraocular muscle than NOSPECS scores(χ~2 = 19.37,P = 0.000).MRI had higher sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy in detection of active TAO than clinical activity score (100% vs 95.7%,88.2% vs 35.3%,96.9% vs 79.7%,respectively).Therefore,MRI improves early detection of atypical grade 4 cases.Signal intensity elevation in adipose suppressed T2WI is helpful to define active stage.

Objective To investigate basic fibroblast grow th factor (bFGF) and CDI05 in gastric carcinoma and its biological be-havior. Methods bFGF, microvessel density (MVD) and stomach cancer cell S phase fraction (SPF) in 60 samples from stomach cancer patients and 20 samples from normal stomach were detected with immunohistochemistry.. Apoptosis in stomach cancer was determined with TUNEL and apoptosis rate (AR) was calculated. Results bFGF protein expression, MVD and SPF in stomach cancer patients were obvi-ously higher than that normal health controls, but AR were lower, bFGF and MVD showed positive relationship with SPF, and negative with AR. Conclusion bFGF possibly increased the MVD state, promoted stomach cancer cell multiplication, suppressed stomach cancer cell ap-optosis.

Objective To analyze regional left ventricular systolic function before and after percutaneous translumial coronary angioplasty(PTCA),quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI)was used tO detect wall motion of left ventricule.Methods 20 patients with isolated left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)stenosis(≥70%)and 16 normal control subjects were included in this study.QTVI was performed one day before PTCA+stent,a week and a month after successful PTCA+stent.Peak systolic myocardial velocity(Vs)were measured with QTVI at different wall segments(basal and medial segments).Results Before PTCA+stent,Vs of all segments assigned by LAD were significantly lower than those of corresponding segments in normal subjects(P＜0.01).After PTCA+stent,the above segments showed a significant improvement of Vs in a week and a month(P＜0.01).Conclusion QTVI can quantitively detect changes of myocardiac motion and real-time quantify regional left ventricular systolic function before and after PTCA.

Objective To explore the value of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) on the typing and staging of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children.Methods Twenty-eight BO patients were recruited and underwent X-ray and MSCT from August 2012 to August 2015.The classification of MSCT signs and radiological manifestations in different stages of BO were discussed.Results Mosaic sign and bronchial wall thickening appeared in all cases and pulmonary atelectasis in 6 patients.MSCT signs were divided into 18 cascs of simple type and 10 of pneumonic type,respectively.Radiological imaging undergone after treatment for 2 ～ 4 weeks indicated that 20 patients turned normal,but 8 patients to chronic stage,including pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (7 cases),bronchoiectasis (6 cases),calcification in bronchial distal (3 cases) and pleural adhesions (2 cases).Conclusion Mosaic sign is a distinctive MSCT manifestation for BO in early phase,and CT typing and staging contribute to guiding the treatment.

Objective In order to explore the possibility of autologous transplantation of olfactory mucosa for spinal cord repair,the changes of autologous olfactory mucosa being transplanted into spinal cord and the effect of promoting axon regeneration in adult rats were investigated. Methods Forty male adult rats were divided into two groups randomly:olfactory mucosa transplantation and control groups.Olfactory mucosa (1*!mm+2) was taken from the posterior region of nasal septum,and this graft was transplanted into the posterior funiculus of cervical 1 segment of spinal cord and destructed the corticospinal tract(2*!mm?1^5*!mm).The control graft was derived from the respiratory lamina and then was grafted into the corresponding lesion.After being survived for 4-6 weeks,the animals were killed,the transplanted site was sectioned horizontally,immunofluorescence double labeled with the neurofilament(NF) and anti-NGFR-p75,investigated under the confocal microscope.Another set of slice was used immunohistochemistry to investigate the olfactory mucosa how to integrate with the surrounding tissue. Results The control lesions have the obvious hollow,no p75-positive reaction in the respiratory lamina and no NF-positive fibers grew through it;olfactory mucosa group showed that olfactory mucosa which is labeled p75-positive healed up with surrounded tissue,the hollow declined markedly,the labeled olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) soakage into the nerve tissue.OECs induced a fine,unbranched,elongative growth of the cut CST axons.The axons were regenerated through the graft and continued to reenter into the caudal host part.Conclusion Autologous olfactory mucosa may be the donor which could repair the spinal cord injury for clinical situations.