Objective:To explore influence of nitroglycerin atomizing inhalation on vascular endothelial function in patients with pulmonary heart disease (PHD)onset.Methods:A total of 94 patients with PHD onset visiting to our hospital were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and atomizing inhalation group (inhalation group,received nitroglycerin atomizing inhalation based on routine treatment).Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP),blood gas analysis and score of clinical symptoms were observed.Results:Compared with routine treat-ment group,after treatment,there were significant reductions in mPAP [(27.97±3.42)mmHg vs.(23.21±3.34) mmHg],arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO2 ,(49.66±8.21)mmHg vs.(45.37±8.12)mmHg],en-dothelin-1 [ET-1,(53.45±15.11)pg/L vs.(46.21 ± 15.35)pg/L]level,and clinical symptom score [(7.69± 2.65)scores vs.(5.41±2.49)scores];and significant rise in arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2 ,(76.14± 8.65)mmHg vs.(82.01±8.41)mmHg]and NO level [(63.94±12.85)μmol/L vs.(70.94±13.95)μmol/L],to-tal effective rate (63.83% vs.87.23%),P <0.05 or <0.01 in inhalation group.Conclusion:Nitroglycerin atomi-zing inhalation can significantly improve vascular endothelial function,raise therapeutic effect in treatment of pul-monary heart disease.

Objectives:In order to observe the effect of colonic carcinoma growth on amino acid metabolism. Methods:Levels of tumor tissue 20 free amino acids were measured from 18 patients with colonic carcinoma, and the normal colonic mucosa was used as controls.Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used for the determination.The correlations between tumor volume and tumor tissue 20 free amino acids were analysed. Results:The contents of colonic carcinoma tissue free glutamine,methionine,arginine,threonine,valine,leucine,phenylalanine,aspargine and serine were significantly increased and the contents of tumor tissue free alanine and tryptophan were significantly decreased when compared with those of normal colon mucosa( P

Objective To observe the differences of metabolite ratios among mild cognitive impairment (MCI),Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and normal cognitive state (NC)patients in the hippocampus.Methods According to the clinical features,patients were divided into three groups:MCI group (n=30),AD group (n=28)and NC group (n=30).All the patients were examined by 1 H MRS and compared the ratios of NAA/Cr,Ins/Cr,NAA/Ins,Cho/Cr of both the left and right side of the hippocampus.Results The NAA/Cr in MCI group and AD group were much lower than that in NC group (P <0.05).The Ins/Cr and NAA/Ins in MCI group and AD group showed significant differences compared with NC group (P <0.05).On Ins/Cr and NAA/Ins of the left side,there were significant differences among three groups (P <0.05).Conclusion 1 H MRS as a non-invasive diagnostic technique has higher sensitivity in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis between MCI and AD patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of hippocampal volume (HV)measurement with MMSE score in varying different degrees cognitive impairment.Methods 30 Alzheimer’s disease(AD)patients,30 mild cognitive impairment (MCI)patients and 30 normal controls(NC)were recruited,HV was measured by Siemens Tim-avanto 3.0T super conductance magnetic resonance.Standardized HV and MMSE scores of three groups were comprehensive analyzed.Results The left and right sides and the total HV of AD group were lower than the MCI and the NC group,with significant differences by statistical analysis (P <0.05).The HV had no significant differences between the MCI and the NC group.The MMSE scores of AD group were lower than the MCI and the NC group,with significant differences by statistical analysis (P <0.05),the score had no significant differences between the MCI and the NC group.Conclusion HV measurement with MMSE score would be helpful to provide effective basis for the AD diagnosis,the sensitivity in the diagnosis of MCI is not high.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of wrist-ankle acupuncture plus auricular point sticking in treating pre-exam anxiety syndrome.MethodSixty patients with pre-exam anxiety syndrome were randomized into a treatment group to receive wrist-ankle acupuncture plus auricular point sticking (30 cases, 11 cases dropped out) and a control group to receive auricular point sticking (30 cases, 1 dropped out). In the treatment group, the bilateral Upper 1 zones were punctured regarding the wrist-ankle acupuncture, and for the auricular point sticking, Heart (CO 15), ear Shenmen (TF 4), Endocrine (CO 18), Adrenal Gland (TG 2p), Subcortex (AT 4) were selected. In the controlgroup, the same auricular points were treated. For both groups, the intervention began from 1 week prior to the exam, 3 d as a treatment course, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 2 successive courses. The Sarason Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) and autonomic function test were used to assess the anxiety severity before and after treatment. ResultThe total effective rate was 84.2% (16/19) in the treatment group versus 82.8% (24/29) in the control group, and the difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The TAS score dropped significantly in the control group after intervention (P<0.01).ConclusionWrist-ankle acupuncture plus auricular point sticking and auricular point sticking alone both can effectively improve the symptoms of pre-exam anxietysyndrome.

AIM:To investigate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( Mp)-induced interleukin-1β( IL-1β) pro-duction in RAW264.7 cells is through the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species (ROS).ME-THODS:RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups.In normal group , RAW264.7 cells were treated without Mp.In model group, RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1∶10 multiplicity of infection ( MOI) of Mp.In NAC group, RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine ( NAC) at a concentration of 5 mmol/L for 30 min before infection with Mp.The RAW264.7cells were infected with Mp (1∶10 MOI) for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h in model group and NAC group , respectively.The intracellular ROS level was analyzed by flow cytometry .The mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were determined by Western blot.The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1βin the supernatant were measured by ELISA .RESULTS:Compared with normal group , the production of ROS were significantly increased at 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were increased at 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the protein levels of NL-RP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were increased at 16 and 24 h after infection, and the releases of IL-1βwere increased at 24 h after infection in model group (P<0.01).Compared with the model group, the level of ROS in NAC group decreased, so as the expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 at mRNA and protein levels and the releases of IL-1βin the superna-tant at the corresponding time points .CONCLUSION:Mp may stimulate the ROS production to activate NLRP 3 inflam-masome in RAW264.7 cells.

The level of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in the population with new-onset diabetes was detected and its influential factors were analyzed.The concentrations of hsCRP increased with age in the population with new-onset diabetes( Ptrend＜0.01 ).The percentage of subjects with hsCRP levels ＞3 mg/L was 18.8％in men and 26.7％ in women.A logistic regression analysis indicated that age,gender,body mass index,waist circumference,fasting plasma glucose,and triglyceride were the influential factors of hsCRP levels in diabetic population( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).A variety of cardiovascular factors affected hsCRP level and a strong association existed between hsCRP and abdominal obesity.

Parkinson′s disease (PD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, which has the effects on the patients′ quality of life and brings a huge burden to the society and family. The pathological feature of PD is the abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain of substantia nigra-striatum, mediating the death of dopaminergic neurons. However, further studies have found that α-syn mediates the abnormal function of astrocytes leading to the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and the release of inflammatory factors caused by microglia, which are related to the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels as a whole named neurovascular unit can better reflect the pathophysiological environment of PD and reveal the PD pathogenesis. Studies have detected the ways of α-syn transmission, such as prion-like, tunneling nanotubes, exosomes, are connected with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. The Braak stage and the prospective cohort of early PD provide a view that the peripheral α-syn to the central nervous system may be an another important way to mediate the pathogenesis and progression of PD. The research about the abnormal aggregation and spread of α-syn can provide the new theory for the pathogenesis of PD and the new disease modifying therapy of PD. This article reviews the role of abnormal aggregation and transmission of α-syn in the pathogenesis of PD.

Objective To investigate the effect of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula(左归降糖解郁方,ZJJF)on hippocampal neuron apoptosis in diabetic rats with depression and to ascertain whether its mechanism involves the regulation of JNK signaling pathway. Methods(i)A total of 72 specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into six groups,with 12 rats in each group:control,model,metformin(Met,0.18 g/kg)+fluoxetine(Flu,1.8 mg/kg),and the high-,medium-,and low-ZJJF dosages(ZJJF-H,20.52 g/kg;ZJJF-M,10.26 g/kg;ZJJF-L,5.13 g/kg)groups.All groups except control group were injected once via the tail vein with streptozotocin(STZ,38 mg/kg)combined with 28 d of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)to establish diabetic rat models with de-pression.During the CUMS modeling period,treatments were administered via gavage,with control and model groups receiving an equivalent volume of distilled water for 28 d.The effi-cacy of ZJJF in reducing blood sugar and alleviating depression was evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose,insulin,and glycated hemoglobin levels,along with behavioral assess-ments,including the open field test(OFT),forced swim test(FST),and sucrose preference test(SPT).Hippocampal tissue damage and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated using hema-toxylin-eosin(HE)staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)staining.Apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,and the ex-pression levels of JNK/Elk-1/c-fos signaling pathway were detected using Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).(ii)To further elucidate the role of JNK signaling pathway in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and the pharmacological ef-fects of ZJJF,an additional 50 SPF grade male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,with 10 rats in each group:control,model,SP600125(SP6,a JNK antagonist,10 mg/kg),ZJJF(20.52 g/kg),and ZJJF(20.52 g/kg)+Anisomycin(Aniso,a JNK agonist,15 mg/kg)groups.Ex-cept for control group,all groups were established as diabetic rat models with depression,and treatments were administered via gavage for ZJJF and intraperitoneal injection for SP6 and Aniso for 28 d during the CUMS modeling period.Behavioral changes in rats were evaluated through the OFT,FST,and SPT,and hippocampal neuron damage and apoptosis were ob-served using HE staining,Nissl staining,TUNEL staining,and transmission electron mi-croscopy(TEM).Changes in apoptosis-related proteins and JNK signaling pathway in the hippocampal tissues of rats were also analyzed. Results(i)ZJJF significantly reduced the high blood glucose,insulin,and glycated he-moglobin levels in model rats(P<0.01).It increased autonomous activity and decreased de-spair-like behaviors(P<0.01),improved the pathological damage of hippocampal neurons,increased the number of neuronal nuclei(P<0.01),and reduced the number of mechanocytes,vacuolar cells,and apoptotic neurons(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.01,respec-tively).ZJJF down-regulated the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3(P<0.01),up-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(P<0.01),and significantly inhibit-ed the overexpression of phosphorylated JNK(p-JNK),Elk-1,and c-fos(P<0.01).(ii)SP6 in-creased autonomous activity and reduced despair time in model rats(P<0.05),although it had no significant effects on sucrose preference(P>0.05).It increased the number of Nissl bodies in hippocampal neurons(P<0.01),reduced the protein expression levels of Bax(P<0.01)and caspase-3(P<0.05),and decreased the number of apoptotic neurons(P<0.05).SP6 also increased the expression level of Bcl-2(P<0.01),and inhibited the high expression levels of p-JNK,Elk-1,and c-fos(P<0.01,P<0.01,and P<0.05,respectively),suggesting that hip-pocampal neuronal apoptosis in diabetic rats with depression is associated with abnormal ac-tivation of JNK signaling pathway.Compared with ZJJF group,ZJJF+Aniso group showed a decrease in sucrose preference(P<0.05)and an increase in despair time(P<0.01)with more notable hippocampal neuronal damage.This group also exhibited a decrease in expression level(P<0.01)Bcl-2 and an increase in expression levels of Bax,caspase-3,p-JNK,Elk-1,and c-fos(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.05,respectively),indicating that the antidepressant effects of ZJJF,its improvement of neuronal apoptosis,and regulation of JNK signaling molecules could all be reversed by a specific JNK agonist. Conclusion ZJJF exerts a significant hypoglycemic effect and ameliorates the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the activation of JNK signaling pathway,which is a promising formula for the treatment of diabetic depression in clinical settings.

Objective To explore the improvement of cognitive impairment in patients with mild and moderate vascular cognitive impairment( VCI) treated with cerebralcare granule ( CG) and basic treat-ment.Methods From October in 2014 to December in 2016 year,143 cases of VCI patients were admitted from six hospitals in some areas of Hebei Province as the research objects,and divided into CG treatment group (experimental group,n=98) and conventional treatment group (control group,n=66).Three months and six months after treatment,the score of mental state examination ( MMSE) ,the Montreal cognitive assess-ment scale ( MoCA) and the daily living capacity scale( ADL) of the two groups were compared after 3 and 6 moths of treatment.Results ①The total score of MMSE in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group for six months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( ( 23. 76 ± 4.02) vs (21.52±5.13),P<0.05).②Six months after treatment,the total score of MoCA ((21.06±4.66) vs (18.32±5.20)) and visual spatial/executive function((3.05±1.37) vs (2.42±1.66)),calculation force ((2.24±0.84) vs (1.83±1.05)) and orientation ability((5.20±1.12) vs (4.06±1.35)) scores in the ex-perimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) .③Six months after treat-ment,the ADL score in the experimental group was lower than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant((24.96±8.74) vs (29.20±11.55),P<0.05);while there was no significant difference in the ADL score between the experimental group and the control group after 6 months (P>0.05).Conclusion CG can improve cognitive function in mild to moderate VCI patients,mainly in visual space/execution func-tion,calculation ability and orientation ability,and with the extension of treatment time,the curative effect is more obvious.