Objective To investigate the safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) with submucosal injection for colon polyps.Methods A total of 30 sets of fresh sigmoid colon from healthy pigs were assigned to control group to receive direct APC,and to treatment group to receive APC with submucosal injection,respectively.After same time and energy of APC,each specimen was sampled for pathological evaluation and the damage extent was determined as mucosa,submucosa (superior 1/3,middle1/3,inferior 1/3),and muscularis propria.Ten cases of colon sessile polyps with diameter of about 1-2 cm,elevated within 3mm by endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS).Direct APC or APC with submucosal injection were performed,respectively,and the difference was observed by EUS.Results In 30 cases of control group,the injury depth of 5 cases reached to the muscularis propria and of 25 cases to submucosa layer,among which 4 cases showed damage to superior submucosa 12 middle submucosa and 9 inferior submucosa.In 30 cases of treatment group,there was no damage to muscularis propria.The injury depth of 26 cases reached submucosa layer,among which 22 cases showed damage to superior submucosa,4 middle submucosa.The results showed significant difference between two groups (P ＜0.01).In patients who underwent APC with submucosal injection,EUS showed effective isolation of mucosa and muscularis propria.It confined the injury to the mucosal layer.Without treatment of submucosal injection in advance,it seemed easier to damage the submucosa and muscularis propria.Conclusion Submucosal injection can protect the colon injured by APC,and may reduce the risk of colon perforation by APC for colon polyps.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation process of Xiangsha Liujun Granule. METHODS: By the orthogonal design. taking the rates of recovery of volatile oil, Ginsenoside Re and qualified granules as the indexes, we optimized the oil extracting conditions, the decocting conditions and the conditions of granulation by spayer. RESULTS: The optimum oil ex- tracting conditions for four kinds of herbs(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae etc.) were that water was 30 times of herbs in weight, soaking time was 3 hours and extracting time 15 hours. The optimum decocting conditions for four kinds of herbs(Fuling etc.) were that water was 15 times of herbs in weight, soaking time was 3 hours and decocting time 4 hours, herbs were decocted twice. The optimum conditions of granulation by sprayer were that the fliud extract was 2 times of Dextrin in weight, the rel- ative density of the fliud extract was 1. 30(measured at 25℃), the voltage of sprayer was 120 volts, the period of shaking bag was 65 times(shaking bag back and forth twice in each period). CONCLUSION: The results of the experiment make it clear that the preparation process of Xiangsha Liu jun Granule is stable and feasible.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of Glut1, HIF-1α and Ki-67 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship between their expression and clinicopathological features.MethodsImmunohistochemical study (EnVision method) for Glut1, HIF-1a and Ki-67 were performed on tissue microarray which consisted of 171 cases of HCC, 55 cases of adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues, and 22cases of normal liver tissues.ResultsThe expression rate of Glut1 ,HIF-1α and ki-67 in 171 cases of HCC was 15.2％, 19.9％ and 66.1％, respectively, which was much higher than that in the adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues (1.8％ ,1.8％and 5.5％) and normal liver tissues(all negative).The expressions of Glut1 and HIF-1α were positively correlated with the differentiation degree of HCC and TNM stage(P ＜0.01, P ＜0.05).The expression of ki-67 was positively correlated with the differentiation degree of HCC.There was a significant positive correlation between the expressions of Glut1 and HIF-1α in HCC (r1 =0.553, P ＜0.05), the expressions of Glut1 and HIF-1α were positively correlated with ki-67(r2 =0.560,r3 =0.613, P ＜0.05).ConclusionsGlut1, HIF-1α and ki-67 may play a role in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC in some degree.Combined detection of Glut1, HIF-1α and Ki-67 may be helpful to judge the degree of malignancy and potential metastasis and evaluate the prognosis.

Objective:To explore how coping style and social support influence the quality of life in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, which act respectively as the internal and external mediating ways. Methods:A total of 283 patients with impaired glucose tolerance from 6 Three-A hospitals in China were surveyed with self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale, trait coping style questionnaire, social support scale, and WHOQOL-BREF.
Results:Biographic data failed to predict the quality of life in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, while anxiety, depression, social support and coping style significantly influenced their quality of life.
Conclusion:The fact that emotional disorder, social support and coping style influence the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes also exists in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with early onset of reduced bone mineral density,which can lead to spinal deformity and even fracture,affecting patients′ quality of life seriously. To improve the compliance and long-term quality of life for AS patients, it is neccessary to enhance the awareness and knowledge of this disease among community primary health care providers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin (Gly) on human neutrophil elastase (HNE)- induced mucin (MUC) 5AC overproduction in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), and the potential signaling pathway involved in this process. METHODS: The cultured cells were divided into 3 groups: a control group, cultured in serum-free DMEM medium; an HNE group, pretreated with HNE alone; and a Gly group, incubated with HNE and Gly. After stimulation with a variety of Gly concentrations, the cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method. The mRNA expressions of p38, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65, inhibitory κBα (IκBα) and MUC5AC were detected by real-time PCR. The phosphorylation levels of p38 (p-p38), NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) and IκBα (p-IκBα) were measured by Western blot while the levels of MUC5AC protein were analyzed by emzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA and protein in the HNE group were both significantly increased. There was a significant increase in p-p38 and p-NF-κB p65, while the production of IκBα was much lower than that in the control group. Gly significantly inhibited the increase of MUC5AC, p38 and NF-κB p65, but increased the activity of IκBα. CONCLUSION Glycyrrhizin can inhibit MUC5AC overproduction via p38-NF-κB p65/IκBα signaling pathway.
Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; pharmacology ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Elastase ; metabolism ; Mucin 5AC ; biosynthesis ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; Phosphorylation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the hippocampal lipidome in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress(CUS).Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were randomly assigned to the following 3 groups ( n=8 for each group): sham group, CUS group and CUS+ rTMS group. The sham group received only sham stimulation and rats in the CUS and CUS+ rTMS group were subjected to CUS stimulation. Then, rats received 5 Hz rTMS (5 Hz, 1.26 Tesla) or sham rTMS for 7 days. After the last stimulation, all rats underwent sucrose preference test, open filed test and forced swimming test so as to observe the effect of rTMS on depressive behavior. Then, rats were sacrificed, and the levels of lipid composition in hippocampus were determined by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and analyzed by lipid search software version 4.1 and SIMCA-P 14.1.The software of SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Univariate analysis of variance was used for comparison among groups, and Tukey test was used for multiple comparison. Results:(1)There were significant differences in open field test, sugar preference test and forced swimming test among the three groups( F=6.853-7.466, all P<0.05). In the open field experiment, the exploring time and percentage of movement distance in central area of rats in CUS group((50.72±6.38)s, (11.41±1.55)%) was significantly less than that of sham group ((86.06±7.31)s, (18.60±1.21)%) and CUS+ rTMS group((79.87±7.87)s, (16.74±1.27)%)(all P<0.05). The results of sucrose preference test showed that the percentage of sucrose intake of rats in CUS group ((37.63±6.06)%) was significantly lower than that in sham group ((68.30±6.39)%) and CUS+ rTMS group ((62.68±5.50)%)(both P<0.05) . In forced swimming test, the immobility time of rats in CUS group ((137.60±13.36)s) was significantly longer than that of sham group ((80.57±10.36)s)) and CUS+ rTMS group ((86.14±11.49)s) (both P<0.05). (2)The levels of lipid composition in hippocampus were significantly different in the three groups( F=3.826-15.440, all P<0.05). The contents of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ((20 850±956.56)×10 7, (24 133.33±1 242.04)×10 7), phosphatidylinositol (PI) ((788.78±136.11)×10 7, (953.65±131.26)×10 7), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) ((340.29±35.66)×10 7, (275.32±35.78)×10 7), creatine phosphate (CerP) ((239.65±18.14)×10 7, (293.82±38.28)×10 7), sphingosine (So) ((22.96±4.04)×10 7, (15.36±3.87)×10 7), diglyceride (DG) ((3.35±0.85)×10 7, (4.57±1.02)×10 7) and monoglyceride (MG) ((6.71±0.82)×10 7, (7.94±0.91)×10 7)in hippocampus of rats in CUS group were significantly higher than those of sham group(all P<0.05), while the phosphatidic acid(PA) ((424.52±33.38)×10 7, (509.22±42.09)×10 7) and acyl carnitine(AcCa) ((2.68±0.33)×10 7, (3.39±0.33)×10 7) decreased(both P<0.05). Compared with CUS group, the contents of PE(21 816.67±928.26)×10 7, PI(83.16±91.52)×10 7, LPC(323.59±33.91)×10 7, CerP(236.39±32.02)×10 7, So(23.35±4.46)×10 7, DG(3.16±0.85)×10 7 and MG(7.03±0.26)×10 7 in the hippocampus of CuS+ rTMS group decreased, while the contents of PA(421.55±44.28)×10 7 and ACCA(2.56±0.32)×10 7 in the hippocampus of CUS+ rTMS group increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The levels of glycerophospholipids, glyceroglycerides, sphingolipids, fatty acids and other lipids in the hippocampus of CUS model rats are abnormal. And the 5 Hz rTMS intervention can ameliorate the depression like behavior and the disturbances of lipid in hippocampus of CUS model rats.

Objective To observe the change of results of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) ,homocysteine (Hcy ) ,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP ) ,lipids and other indicators in the patients with normal group ,primary hypertension group ,type H hypertension group and type H hypertension ischemic stroke group ,and search the relationship between LP-PLA2 and type H-hypertension ischemic stroke .Methods From January 2015 to June 2017 ,continuous selected 103 patients with type H hypertension ischemic stroke group ,124 patients with type H hypertension group ,80 patients with primary hypertension group and 50 patients with healthy controls as normal group .Analyzed level of Lp-PLA2 ,Hcy ,hs-CRP and lipids in serum ,compared the difference with each group .A binary Logistic regression analysis was used to an-alyze its correlation with ischemic stroke .Results The serum concentration of total cholesterol(TC) ,low-den-sity lipoproteincholesterol(LDL-C) ,LP-PLA2 in type H hypertension group and type H hypertension ischemic stroke group was higher than primary hypertension group and normal group ,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0 .05) .The serum concentration of triglyceride (TG) in type H hypertension ischemic stroke group was higher than primary hypertension group and normal group ,the difference was statistically signifi- cant(P＜0 .05) .The serum concentration of Hcy in primary hypertension group ,type H hypertension group and type H hypertension ischemic stroke group was higher than normal group ,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0 .05) ;The serum concentration of Hcy in type H hypertension group and type H hypertension ischemic stroke group was higher than primary hypertension group ,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0 .05) ;The serum concentration of Hcy ,LP-PLA2 in type H hypertension ischemic stroke group was higher than type H hypertension group ,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0 .05) .The serum con-centration of hs-CRP in type H hypertension group was higher than primary hypertension group and normal group ,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0 .05) ;The serum concentration of hs-CRP in type H hy-pertension ischemic stroke group was higher than type H hypertension group ,primary hypertension group and normal group ,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0 .05) .Two element Logistic regression analysis , Lp-PLA2 were significantly related to type H hypertension ischemic stroke ( SE ＝ 0 .013 ,P ＜ 0 .05 ) . Conclusion LP-PLA2 is an inflammatory biomarker and it is closely related to the occurrence and develop-ment of type H hypertension ischemic stroke .

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the microglial activation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in vivo and in vitro.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were used for in vivo experiments. A SAH model was induced by intravascular puncture. They were randomly divided into solvent group, model group, and DHEA pretreatment group. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis level at 24 h after modeling. Iba-1/CD86 fluorescence double staining was used to detect the activation of microglia. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The primary cultured microglia was used for in vitro experiments and it was simulated SAH by hemoglobin stimulation. They were randomly divided into control group, model group, and DHEA pretreatment group. Iba-1/CD86 fluorescence double staining was used to detect the microglial activation, and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors.Results:In vivo model experiments showed that DHEA significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis ( P<0.01) and microglial activation ( P<0.01) after SAH modeling, and IL-6 expression level significantly decreased ( P<0.01), while IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS showed a downward trend, but there were no statistical differences. In vitro model experiments showed that DHEA could significantly inhibit microglial activation ( P<0.001) and the expression levels of various inflammatory factors ( P<0.001). Conclusions:DHEA pretreatment can reduce neuronal apoptosis and microglia activation after SAH, and it has neuroprotective effect.