OBJECTIVE:To study the adsorbability of plastic transfusion bottle and infusion set to diazepam. METHODS:With the reference of plastic-bottled 5% glucose injection,HPLC was used to determine the changes of mass concentration of diazepam adding into plastic-bottled 5% glucose injection at different time;disposable plastic infusion set was connected to simulate intrave-nous infusion and determine the changes of mass concentration of diazepam in the liquid effluent at different time. RESULTS:The mass concentration of diazepam in glass infusion bottles group was higher than in plastic transfusion bottles group. The adsorbabili-ties of solutions showed the strongest at the time of 15-20 min. The mass concentration of the effluent liquid from the glass bottle group was about 80% of the original concentration and plastic bottle group was about 67%. As the time went on,the adsorbability was gradually saturated at 60 min and the concentration rose again;the mass concentration of the effluent liquid from the glass bot-tle group returned to 95%of the original concentration at 80 min and the plastic bottle group was about 75%of the original concen-tration. CONCLUSIONS:Both plastic infusion bottle and infusion set have strong adsorbability to diazepam. It is suggested that the dosage of diazepam should be increased by 25% to 33% while plastic-bottled 5% glucose injection is used as solvent for intrave-nous drip.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of high frequency color Doppler ultrasound combined with gastrointestinal filling in infants with duodenal obstruction . Methods One hundred infants who were suspected with duodenal obstruction underwent both gastrointestinal ultrasound and upper gastrointestinal tract ,put the surgical results as the ?gold standard ,the values of ultrasonic and upper gastrointestinal tract in the diagnosis of pediatric congenital duodenal obstruction were compared . Results The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and upper gastrointestinal tract in duodenal obstruction was 100%and 94% respectively ,the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0 .041) . The accuracy rate of obstruction location was 98 .04% and 84 .31% respectively , also was considered to denote statistical significance ( P = 0 .023 ) . The total diagnostic accuracy of congenital disorders caused by duodenal obstruction was 89% and 49% respectively ,and P = 0 .001 implies statistically significant difference . Conclusions There is a high diagnostic accuracy in high frequency ultrasound combined with gastrointestinal filling in children with congenital duodenal obstruction ,and the diagnosis of some diseases is better than that of the upper gastroenterography .

Objective To explore the clinical value of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) in liver tissue stiffness of normal children.Methods Totally 243 normal children were examined by SWE.The data of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were recorded and analyzed.The differences of LSM between different genders and hepatic segments were compared.According to the age,243 normal children were divided into pre-school group,school age group and adolescent group;and the differences of LSM between 3 groups were compared.The consistency was analyzed in different operators.Results The mean value of LSM in normal children was (4.21±0.70)kPa,and the 95％ confidence interval was (4.11,4.31)kPa.The success rate of segment S5 was higher than that of segment S4 (100％ [243/ 243] vs 79.83％ [194/243]),and the mean value of LSM in segment S5 was lower than that in segment S4 (P＜0.05).The mean value of LSM increased with age,and the boys' was a slightly higher than the girls',but there were no statistical differences between them (all P＞ 0.05).LSM had good consistency in different operators,the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.92.Conclusion SWE could be an objective and quantitative assessment in liver stiffness of children.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the classification, property of skull repair material and the processing of related complications in the application of repairing and remodeling the skull.METHODS: The PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI Database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was searched by the first author using key words of "codubix, synmesh, and bone cement" both in English and Chinese. Articles whose content is related to the types, property, biocompatibility and its application effect of skull repairing materials were selected. In the same field, the articles published by authoritative journals or different races were preferred. The repetitive or obsolete literatures were excluded. After that 26 documents were included in this paper.RESULTS: The bone cement exhibited good histocompatibility, however, it is difficult to be absorbed, thus, it only be used for repairing part of skull defects. The study found that titanium had good biocompatibility and could combine with the skull. Its application had a promising prospect, but there are many inadequacies. With the continuous deepening of bio-engineering, bone tissue engineering, and cartilage tissue engineering, it will provide a broader perspective for the study of skull repair materials.CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of materials for skull repairing, and this paper only introduces some of the widely used ones. Actually, the selection of repairing materials should consider the pathogenetic condition, economic condition, local equipment and technical levels. If possible, titanium mesh and titanium screw are preferred, which is characterized by easy operation, few complication and beautiful appearance: When using autogenous bone or bone cements, if related complications can be reduced and handled effectively, the results will be satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the effect of quetiapine (QUE) on the memory and doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice with cuprizone (CPZ)-induced schizophrenia in C57BL/ 6 mice.Methods 1％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a vehicle to dissolve QUE.Three group of mice,16 in each of three groups,were treated with vehicle (control group),0.2％ CPZ alone (CPZ group) or 0.2％ CPZ combined with 10 mg· kg-1 · d-1 QUE (QUE+CPZ group) for six weeks,respectively.Spatial working memory was evaluated by Y-type maze test 24 hours after the completion of the treatment period.The number of DCX positivenew neurons was calculated by immunofluorescence staining assay.The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.Results (1) Y-maze test:CPZ group achieved a much lower percentage of correct alternation than control group ((22.70±6.70) ％ vs (57.69 ±6.70)％) in Y-maze test (P＜0.05).The percentage of correct alternation in CPZ + QUE group ((54.69± 10.06) ％) was significantly increased compared with CPZ group (P＜0.01).CPZ mice exhibited significant spatial working memory impairment.(2) Immunofluorescence staining:the number of DCX-positive cells in the hippocampus of the CPZ group (6342.85± 1801.72) was significantly decreased compared with that in control group (19428.57±2507.13) (P＜0.01),and it was reversed by QUE intervention (15928.57±2049.97).(3) RT-PCR:the Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA expression in CPZ group were significant lower than that in sham and CPZ + QUE group,(Notch1 (0.97±0.29) vs (0.23±0.20),P＜0.01);Hes1 (1.00±0.41) vs (0.38±0.30),P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between sham group and CPZ + QUE group.Conclusion QUE is helpful to relieve CPZ-induced cognitive impairment and decreases expression of DCX in hippocampal,which may be related with activation of Notch1 pathway.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of microRNA (miR)-155-5p on myocardial pyroptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, IRI group, agomir-NC group, miR-155-5p agomir group, antagomir-NC group, and miR-155-5p antagomir group, with 10 rats in each group. Echocardiography was used to measure the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) of rats. Enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in serum, as well as the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in myocardial tissue of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in rat myocardial tissue. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of miR-155-5p and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) messenger RNA (mRNA) in myocardial tissue of rats. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-155-5p and SIRT1. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of SIRT1, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved cysteine aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Cleaved Caspase-1), and gasdermin D (GSDMD) proteins in myocardial tissue of rats. Results Compared with the sham group, the LVEDD and LVESD of rats in the IRI group were increased, LVEF and LVFS were decreased, serum levels of CK-MB, LDH, and cTnT were increased, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α levels in myocardial tissue were increased, myocardial tissue structure was severely damaged, myocardial fibers were disordered, relative expression of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1, and GSDMD proteins were increased, and the relative expression of SIRT1 protein was decreased (all P<0.05/5). Compared with the IRI group, the rats in the miR-155-5p agomir group had increased LVEDD and LVESD, decreased LVEF and LVFS, increased serum levels of CK-MB, LDH, and cTnT, increased myocardial tissue levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, aggravated myocardial tissue lesions, increased relative expression of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1, and GSDMD proteins, and decreased relative expression of SIRT1 protein, and the rats in the miR-155-5p antagomir group had decreased LVEDD and LVESD, increased LVEF and LVFS, decreased serum levels of CK-MB, LDH, and cTnT, decreased myocardial tissue levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, reduced myocardial tissue lesions, decreased relative expression of NLRP3, Cleaved Caspase-1, and GSDMD proteins, and increased relative expression of SIRT1 protein (all P<0.05/5). miR-155-5p was negatively correlated with the expression levels of SIRT1 in rat myocardial tissue, and SIRT1 was a target gene of miR-155-5p. Conclusions miR-155-5p may participate in the regulation of myocardial IRI in rats by targeting the downregulation of SIRT1 and promoting NLRP3-mediated myocardial pyroptosis.