ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the non-fasting triglyceride and glucose （TyG） index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy during the third trimester in high altitudes. MethodsThis study selected clinical and laboratory data of 774 Tibetan singleton pregnant women who delivered at Chaya People's Hospital of Qamdo city in Xizang autonomous region， from January 2023 to April 2025. The non-fasting TyG index was calculated from non-fasting triglyceride （TG） and random plasma glucose （PG）. Based on the tertiles of the non-fasting TyG index values， the individuals were split into three groups （corresponding to non-fasting TyG index of 8.89 and 9.21， respectively）. The baseline clinical characteristics， lipid levels and the occurrence of developing hyperglycemia in pregnancy were compared among the three groups. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA， Kruskal-Wallis H test， Chi-square test， or Fisher exact test and the relationship between the non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy were examined using multivariate logistic regression models and curve fitting. ResultsA total of 774 Tibetan singleton pregnant women were included， with a average age of 27.3 ± 6.1 years， a pre-delivery body mass index （Pre-BMI） of （25.2±2.3）kg/m² ， a proportion of 26.7% （207/774） primigravid women， the mean non-fasting TyG index was 9.1 ± 0.4。Thirty pregnant women were diagnosed with hyperglycemia in pregnancy， with a detection rate of 3.9% （30/774）. Statistically significant differences in serum total cholesterol （TC）， TG， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were identified when comparing different non-fasting TyG groups （all P values <0.05）. Subsequent trend test analysis indicated that the levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， and PG gradually increased with elevated the non-fasting TyG index （ F_{trend TC}=95.61， P<0.001； F_{trend TG}=1 051.91， P<0.001； F_{trend LDL-C} = 97.20， P < 0.001； F_{trend TG}=195.20； P<0.001）. After adjustment for maternal age， pre-delivery BMI， altitude， TC， LDL-C， and HDL-C， multivariate Logistic regression models revealed independent positive associations between non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy （Model 1： OR=2.72， 95% CI： 1.13-6.53， P=0.026； Model 2： OR=2.56， 95% CI： 1.01-6.50， P=0.048； Model 3： OR=2.72， 95% CI： 1.06-6.97， P=0.037； Model 4： OR=4.02， 95% CI： 1.42-11.40， P=0.009） and the incident of hyperglycemia in pregnancy showed an increasing tendency as increasing with the non-fasting TyG index， however， this association did not statistical significance （P _trend >0.05）. Curve fitting by restricted cubic splines （RCS） were used to assess linearity between non-fasting TyG and hyperglycemia in pregnancy， and there was a linear dose-response relationship between non-fasting TyG and hyperglycemia in pregnancy （P _{for non-linear} = 0.515）. ConclusionNon-fasting TyG index in the third trimester is a risk factor for hyperglycemia in pregnancy among the Tibetan singleton pregnant women at high altitudes and there was a possible linear dose-response relationship between the non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: Exposure to rare earth elements (REEs) has been linked to various systemic diseases, but their impact on the offspring blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the gut-brain axis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) on the BBB integrity of offspring rats, and to evaluate the potential protective role of bifidobacterium tetrad viable tablets (BTVT) against Nd₂O₃-induced intestinal and BBB damage. METHODS: Healthy adult SD rats were mated at a 1:1 male-to-female ratio, with the day of vaginal plug detection marked as gestational day 0. A total of 60 pregnant rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: Control, 50 mg/(kg·d) Nd₂O₃, 100 mg/(kg·d) Nd₂O₃, 200 mg/(kg·d) Nd₂O₃, and 200 mg/(kg·d) Nd₂O₃ + BTVT group. Treatments were administered by daily oral gavage throughout pregnancy and lactation. On postnatal day 21 (weaning), offspring feces, brain, and colon tissues were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to assess structural changes in brain and intestinal tissues. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Evans Blue (EB) dye extravasation assessed BBB permeability. Gene and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB), respectively. Neodymium levels in brain tissue were determined via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: HE staining revealed that maternal Nd₂O₃ exposure caused mucosal edema, increased submucosal spacing, and lymphocyte infiltration in offspring colon, as well as neuronal degeneration and vacuolization in brain tissue. BTVT intervention alleviated these changes. GC-MS analysis showed that levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid significantly decreased, while valeric acid and isovaleric acid increased in offspring of Nd₂O₃-exposed mothers (P<0.05). BTVT significantly restored levels of acetic, propionic, and isobutyric acids and reduced valeric acid content (P<0.05). EB permeability was significantly elevated in Nd₂O₃-exposed offspring brains (P<0.05), but reduced with BTVT treatment (P<0.05). RT-PCR and WB showed downregulation of occludin and ZO-1 expression following Nd₂O₃ exposure (P<0.05), which was reversed by BTVT (P<0.05). ICP-MS results indicated significantly increased brain neodymium levels in offspring from all Nd₂O₃-exposed groups (P<0.05), while BTVT significantly reduced neodymium accumulation compared to the 200 mg/(kg·d) Nd₂O₃ group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to Nd₂O₃ during pregnancy and lactation disrupts intestinal health and BBB integrity in offspring, elevates brain neodymium accumulation, and induces neuronal degeneration. BTVT effectively mitigates Nd₂O₃-induced intestinal and BBB damage in offspring, potentially through modulation of the gut-brain axis.
Animals ; Female ; Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology* ; Pregnancy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Male ; Neodymium/toxicity* ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/prevention & control* ; Lactation ; Maternal Exposure/adverse effects* ; Brain

This study， anchored in the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation and treatment principles alongside the clinical characteristics of sepsis in Western medicine， extensively gathers and meticulously dissects the latest research findings on sepsis animal models from both Chinese and international sources. Adhering strictly to TCM syndrome diagnostic criteria for sepsis， the study conducts a thorough evaluation of various animal models across multiple dimensions， including clinical manifestations， pathological changes， and biomarker expressions， so as to reflect the degree of resemblance these models have to human sepsis TCM syndromes. The results reveal that the colon stent implantation model exhibits a higher degree of congruence with both TCM and Western medicine standards， particularly aligning with the diagnosis of the "Fu-Qi obstruction syndrome". Conversely， the extraperitoneal sepsis model shows a higher degree of congruence with TCM， fitting more closely with the diagnosis of "acute deficiency syndrome" and emphasizing the core pathogenesis of Qi deficiency in sepsis. These findings not only augment the diversity of sepsis animal models but also highlight the necessity and potential of integrated TCM and western medicine research. Current sepsis animal models predominantly focus on western pathophysiological mechanisms， with limited direct incorporation of TCM syndrome differentiation elements. This underscores the need， in future study designs， to actively explore integrating TCM syndrome classification and intervention principles into model development. This could be achieved by manipulating model-inducing factors and observing more TCM-specific symptoms and signs among other strategies， so as to establish sepsis models that more closely resemble clinical reality and incorporate both TCM and western medical perspectives.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and mechanism of saffron floral bio-residues（SFB） in the treatment of hyperuricemia（HUA） combined with gouty arthritis（GA） in a compound compatibility setting. MethodScreening candidate control Chinese medicines for compound and SFB based on network target distance calculation and data analysis. After adaptive feeding of 80 SD rats for 7 days， 10 rats were randomly selected as the blank group， while the remaining 70 rats were intraperitoneally injected with 3% potassium oxonate and orally administered with 1% adenine for 14 consecutive days. On the 13^th day， rats were injected with 2.5% sodium urate solution into the right ankle joint cavity to induce swelling of the joint capsule on the opposite side， inducing a HUA combined with GA model. At the same time， the modeling rats were randomly divided into 7 groups， including the model group， benzbromarone group（positive drug， 0.02 g·kg^-1）， Tongfengshu tablets group（9 g·kg^-1）， Tongfengshu granules group（9 g·kg^-1）， SFB granules group（3.6 g·kg^-1）， Plantaginis Semen granules group（3.6 g·kg^-1）， and new formula group（SFB replacing Plantaginis Semen in Tongfengshu granules， 9 g·kg^-1）， with 10 rats in each group. Each treatment group was orally administered with the corresponding drugs according to body weight， while the control and model groups were given equal volume of distilled water by gavage once a day for 14 consecutive days. After 14 days of synchronous administration and modeling， changes in gait， ankle joint swelling and mechanical pain threshold in rats were observed， and serum uric acid， creatinine， urea nitrogen and xanthine oxidase（XOD） were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELSIA） was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 in rat serum， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver， kidney and ankle joints of rats， Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of uric acid transporter 1（URAT1）， glucose transporter 9 （GLUT9）， organic anion transporter 1（OAT1）， adenosine triphosphate（ATP） binding cassette transporter G2（ABCG2）， and liver XOD proteins. ResultThrough network pharmacology analysis， Plantaginis Semen was selected as a candidate control herb， and Tongfengshu tablets was used as a compound compatibility environment to explore the efficacy of SFB in reducing blood uric acid levels and treating GA. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the gait score and joint swelling degree of the model group were significantly increased， and the mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the gait score， joint swelling degree and mechanical pain threshold of rats in each medication group were improved to varying degrees. Biochemical indicators showed that compared with the blank group， the serum uric acid， creatinine， urea nitrogen and XOD levels of the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the serum uric acid and XOD levels of rats in each treatment group were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the blank group， the levels of serum TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in the benzbromarone group， Tongfengshu tablets group， Tongfengshu granules group and new formula group were significantly reduced（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group， the expression levels of URAT1 and GLUT9 proteins in renal tissue and OXD protein in liver tissue of the model group were significantly increased， while the expression levels of renal OAT1 and ABCG2 were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of renal URAT1 and GLUT9 in the SFB granules group， Tongfengshu granules group and new formula group were significantly decreased， while the expression levels of renal OAT1 and ABCG2 were significantly increased， and the expression of XOD protein in liver tissue was significantly decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Pathological analysis showed that focal infiltration of neutrophils， cell necrosis and nuclear fragmentation were observed in the liver tissue of the model group， sodium urate deposition crystals and tubular dilation appeared in renal tissue， synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared in ankle joint. Compared with the model group， the abnormal degrees of liver， kidney and ankle joint tissue of rats in each treatment group were alleviated. ConclusionThe new formula of SFB replacing Plantaginis Semen has the same effect in the treatment of HUA combined with GA. This study proposes a new strategy to investigate the efficacy of new resources of Chinese medicine in a compound compatibility environment， which can provide a new demonstration for the research and development of new resources of Chinese medicine.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying molluscicides with drones against Oncomelania hupensis snails in marshland and lake areas, so as to provide new insights into field snail control in China. Methods A marshland and lake setting measuring approximately 12 000 m² was selected in Wanzhi District, Wuhu City on June 2023 as the test field, and assigned to four groups, of 3 000 m² in each group. Environmental cleaning was not conducted in groups A or B, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack-type sprayers and drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and environmental cleaning was conducted in groups C and D, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones and knapsack-type sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², respectively. O. hupensis snails were surveyed before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days post-treatment. The uniformity of chemicals was determined on the day of treatment, and the snail mortality, corrected snail mortality and density of living snails were calculated and compared among groups. The cost of molluscicides, labor fees of environmental cleaning and chemical treatment and cost of equipment were calculated, and the cost for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails was calculated 14 days post-treatment. Results The mean densities of living snails and mortality rates of snails were 1.82 to 2.85 snails/0.1 m² and 1.41% to 2.94% in groups A, B, C and D before chemical treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 55.75%, 49.32%, 85.94% and 87.50%, and 55.00%, 48.47%, 85.70% and 87.29% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment. There was a significant difference in the mortality of snails among the four groups 14 days post-treatment (χ² = 38.735, P < 0.005), and there was a higher snail mortality in Group D than in Group A (χ² = 16.876, P < 0.005), and higher in Group C than in Group B (χ² = 20.508, P < 0.005). The density of living snails reduced by 55.00%, 43.94%, 90.43% and 87.14% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The test for uniformity of chemicals showed that the mean dose of molluscicides were 57.34, 55.21, 40.19 g/m² and 32.37 g/m² in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, and the minimal standard deviation (7.07) and coefficient of variation (0.18) of mean doses were seen in Group C. The costs for chemical treatment were 0.33 Yuan in groups A and B and 1.53 Yuan in groups C and D, respectively. The costs for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails were 17.82, 22.47, 50.73 Yuan and 52.56 Yuan in groups A, B, C, and D 14 days post-treatment, respectively. Conclusions The molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones are comparable to manual spraying, and chemical treatment with drones are high in uniformity of molluscicides, time- and labor-saving, and feasible for applications in complex environments, which deserves widespread applications in the field of snail control.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of echocardiographic parameters among the many parameters of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography(2D-TTE) and three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) that can be used for early identification of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(FHCM) mutation gene carriers, and construct a Nomogram prediction model, in order to provide a diagnostic method for early identification of G+ P- patients for clinical practice.Methods:A total of 15 FHCM families admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from November 2017 to August 2022 were enrolled.Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing technology were used for gene detection, among which 54 were G+ P- and 75 were G-P-. Stratified random sampling was used to divide the subjects into training set ( n=90) and test set ( n=39) according to the ratio of 7∶3. Philips iE33 ultrasonic diagnostic instrument and TomTec offline software were used to obtain relevant ultrasonic parameters. Lasso regression and Logistic regression were used to screen echocardiographic parameters and obtain independent risk factors for early prediction of G+ P-, based on which a Nomogram prediction model was established. Results:①Lasso-Logistic regression showed that global longitudinal strain(GLS) ( OR=1.739, 95% CI=1.305-2.316) and left ventricular outflow trac velocity time integral(LVOT-VTI) ( OR=1.358, 95% CI=1.072-1.722) could be used as independent risk factors for early prediction of G+ P-. ②The Nomogram prediction model was established based on the above indicators. After 1000 internal verifications of Bootstrap self-sampling, the C-indices of the training set and the test set were 0.885 (95% CI=0.816-0.954), 0.878 (95% CI=0.764-0.992), which had good internal consistency. ③The results of the calibration curve showed that the risk of G+ P- predicted by the Nomogram model was basically consistent with the actual risk (training set P=0.990, test set P=0.961); the clinical decision curve shows that under different threshold probabilities, using this prediction model to provide patients with clinical decision-making could bring benefits to patients. Conclusions:Echocardiographic parameters GLS and LVOT-VTI can be used as independent risk factors to predict FHCM mutation gene carriers. The Nomogram prediction model has good discrimination, goodness of fit and clinical benefit in identifying whether the family members of FHCM patients carry the mutation gene, and it can provide a new idea and evaluation method for the early identification of FHCM mutation gene carriers by echocardiography.

Objective:To investigate the abnormal changes of the nodal centrality of the whole-brain network in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) through the degree centrality (DC) technique of resting-state magnetic resonance and the predictive value for NT1.Methods:From September 2019 to November 2021, 18 NT1 patients who were first diagnosed and never accepted managements and 18 age-, sex-matched healthy controls recruited by advertisement in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were required for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical scale assessment, including Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Scale and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20). The differences in DC values between the NT1 patients and healthy controls were analyzed using the DC method. Then, the correlation between DC values in differential brain regions and clinical characteristics of NT1 was explored through Pearson correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the DC values in the differential brain regions for NT1 patients.Results:Compared with the healthy controls, the DC value of the right superior temporal gyrus was increased, while the DC values of the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and the right precuneus were decreased in the NT1 patients (all P<0.05, Gaussian random-field correction). The DC value of the right superior temporal gyrus in the NT1 patients was positively correlated with the ESS score ( r=0.82, P<0.001) and MFI-20 score ( r=0.48, P=0.040). The DC value of the right middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the disease course ( r=0.51, P=0.032). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of NT1 predicted by the DC value of the right superior temporal gyrus was 0.95. And the areas under the curve of non-NT1 predicted by the DC values of the left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and right precuneus were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. Conclusions:NT1 patients have abnormal resting-state DC in the default network, executive network core brain regions, and superior temporal gyrus. And the DC value in the right superior temporal gyrus may be a potential biomarker of NT1 patients.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of kinesiophobia in patients after heart valve replacement surgery and to analyze its influencing factors, and to provide reference for the intervention research of patients with cardiophobia after cardiac valve replacement.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method and convenient sampling method, 109 patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgery in department of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People′s Hospital from March 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were surveyed with the general questionnaire, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and Visual Analogue Scale.Results:After heart valve replacement, the score of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia was (46.90 ± 9.30) points. The score of Visual Analogue Scale was (5.83 ± 1.01) points. The score of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia was positively correlated with the score of Visual Analogue Scale ( r=0.46, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that patient′s age, cardiac function level, left ventricular ejection fraction, pain were the main influencing factors of Kinesiophobia ( t values were -2.37-4.34, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Medical staff should understand and accurately assess the status of patient′s kinesiophobia after heart valve replacement surgery, identify high-risk groups of kinesiophobia, and take targeted nursing measures to effectively alleviate postoperative pain, thereby reducing the incidence of kinesiophobia in patients, helping patients to carry out early functional exercise, and prorroting physical recovery.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improve-ment functions of flavonoid compounds on temozolomide(TMZ)-,aging-or AD model-induced dysregulation of hip-pocampal NSC lineage progression,retardancy of den-dritic spine maturation in new-born neurons,as well as impairment of hippocampal-related learning and memory.METHODS We applied 30-week-old neural stem cell(NSC)specific promoter Nestin-GFP and NestinCreERT2:Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato transgenic mice and 16-week-old AD model 5XFAD transgenic mice,together with hippo-campal microinjection(ih),endogenous fluorescence trac-ing and immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS Both fla-vonoid compound A and its functional derivative flavo-noid compound B dose-dependently improved TMZ-,aging-or AD-induced defects of hippocampal NSC lin-eage progression and the maturation of dendritic spines of newborn neurons,thereby improving hippocampus related learning and memory.CONCLUSION This paper provides a new idea and treatment strategy for the devel-opment of new flavonoids that can promote neurogene-sis for neurodegenerative diseases and aging.