OBJECTIVE:To study the interaction of baicalin with berberine for intestinal absorption in rats. METHODS: The mode was induced by in situ intestinal perfusion to observe the absorptive kinetics characteristic in rats’ intestine before and after mixing. RESULTS: The absorption rate constant (ka) and absorption rate (A) of baicalin alone were (0.068?0.002)h-1 and (5.92?1.39)% while those of baicalin mixed with berberine were (0.060?0.002)h-1 and (4.27?1.23)% , respectively. ka and A of berberine alone were (0.044?0.003)h-1 and (3.47?0.64)% while those of berberine mixed with baicalin were (0.057?0.006) h-1 and (5.18?0.83)%, respectively. There were significant difference in the absorption rate constant of baicalin after mixing(P

Objective To determine whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor PET/CT with 68Ga-exendin-4 is accurate in localizing insulinomas, by comparing with conventional imaging techniques.Methods In this prospective cohort study, patients with biochemically proven endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia from March 2014 to November 2016 were recruited consecutively.68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT, CT, MRI, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and SSTR imaging were performed before elective surgery.Surgical pathology results were considered as the gold standard.Sensitivity based on patient-analysis and positive predictive value (PPV) based on lesion-analysis were calculated and compared using χ2 test and generalized score test.Results A total of 109 patients were recruited (47 males, 62 females;average age (45.1±14.8) years), and 96 of them with insulinomas proved pathologically were included in the main assessment.Thirteen patients with positive 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT findings did not undergo surgical intervention.Based on patient-analysis, the sensitivities of 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT, CT, MRI, EUS and SSTR imaging for detecting insulinomas were 98.96%(95/96), 81.25%(78/96), 79.41%(54/68), 81.40%(35/43) and 21.84%(19/87), respectively.Based on lesion-analysis, the PPV of the above 5 methods were 100%(102/102), 97.56%(80/82), 95.16%(59/62), 83.72%(36/43) and 90.48%(19/21), respectively.68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity than others (all P<0.01) and higher PPV than MRI, EUS and SSTR imaging (all P<0.05).Conclusion 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT is a highly sensitive imaging technique for detection of insulinoma.

Objective To evaluate the influence of diabetes on cancer stage,treatment,and overall survival rate among newly diagnosed cancer patients,and the correlation between diabetes mellitus and cancer.Methods Total 16 890 newly diagnosed cancer patients were analyzed retrospectively.Morbidity rate of diabetes mellitus,stage of cancer,cancer treatment,survival rate,and comorbidities were collected and compared.Results 9.57% of those 16 890 cancer patients were suffering from diabetes by the time of cancer diagnosis.The prevalence of diabetes was high among patients with pancreas cancer (18.76%),renal cancer (16.76%),colorectal cancer (12.34%),and uterine cancer (10.97%).Colorectal cancer was often diagnosed at an advanced tumor stage.Compared with those without diabetes,diabetic patients with colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,and endometrial carcinoma were more likely to receive surgical treatment.Unadjusted analyses showed that the median survival time and percent alive at 3 years in cancer patients with diabetes were significantly reduced in all types of cancers,except for prostate cancer,as compared with those cases without diabetes.After adjustment for occurrence of cardiovascular disease,diabetic patients with colorectal,breast,endometrial,ovary,prostate,kidney,and lung cancers still had a 8%-55% increased risk of mortality compared to cancer patients without diabetes mellitus (P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalane of cancer in diabetes is higher than non-diabetics.Diabetic cancer patients are frequently treated less aggressively and have a worse prognosis compared to those without diabetes.

Objective To analyze the features of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT of blunt hepatic injury in rabbits. Methods The model of blunt hepatic injury was established in 40 New Zealand white rabbits with a steel ball falling down to the xiphoid process of the animals. Plain CT scan and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan (Hispeed spiral CT/2i, GE, America) of the liver were performed. Arterial,portal and balanced phases were respectively at 8-10 s, 35-40 s and 120-150 s after initiation of the contrast medium injection. The non-enhanced and enhanced images were compared in aspects of location and range of injury, tear of the liver capsule, active bleeding, involvement of the main hepatic veins and CT features of abdominal hemorrhage, which was further compared with the results of gross anatomy. Results The rate of plain CT scan was obviously lower than that of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan,which defined single tear in 13 patients, multiple lacerations in 18, liver subcapsular hematoma in seven,liver hematoma in nine, liver coated gap in 17, active bleeding in nine and main hepatic vein injury in five, with coincidence rates with the results of gross observation for 13/13,18/18,7/9,9/9,25/30,9/5and 5/4 respectively. According to Moore' s classification, CT/Laparotomy performed from grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅵ were 5/4 patients at grade Ⅰ , 15/13 at grade Ⅱ, 9/11 at grade, 5/6 at grade Ⅳ, 1/2 at grade Ⅴ, O at grade respectively. Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan, especially at portal and balanced phases, is of great value for diagnoses of liver injuries and determination of injury severity.

Objective To evaluate effects of a fusion protein LTβR-Fc, which can block the herpesvirus entry mediator ligand (LIGHT-HVEM)signaling pathway, on ovalbumin-induced dermatitis in a mouse model. Methods Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups: blank control group treated with 100 μl of sodium chloride physiological solution, model group sensitized with 100 μl of sodium chloride physiological solution containing 100 μg ovalbumin, blocker group firstly blocked with 100 μl of sodium chloride physiological solution containing 100 μg LTβR-Fc followed by sensitization with 100 μl of sodium chloride physiological solution containing 100 μg ovalbumin at 24 hours after the blocking. Disease severity was evaluated by eczema area and severity index (EASI)score, and lesional size was measured on day 0, 4, 8, 12, 15, 20, 23, 27, 31 and 34 after the first sensitization. A total of three sessions of sensitization were carried out. At the end of treatment, all the mice were sacrificed after serum was obtained from their orbital cavities. Thereafter, tissue specimens were obtained from skin lesions, and single cell suspensions of the spleen were prepared. RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA expressions of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4)and IL-5 in murine lesions, ELISA to measure IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in culture supernatants of murine splenocytes, as well as ovalbumin-specific and total IgE and IgG1 levels in murine sera. Results LTβR-Fc significantly suppressed inflammatory response in the mouse model of dermatitis induced by ovalbumin. Compared with the model group, the blocker group showed significantly decreased lesion area and EASI score (both P < 0.05). In addition, a significant decrease was observed in the mRNA expressions of IL-4 (0.88 ± 0.25 vs. 1.81 ± 0.25, P < 0.05), IL-5 (0.75 ± 0.15 vs. 1.24 ± 0.26, P < 0.05)and IFN-γ (0.62 ± 0.09 vs. 1.11 ± 0.19, P < 0.05)in murine lesions, and in supernatant levels of IL-4 (9.58 ± 1.44 ng/L vs. 20.12 ± 5.39 ng/L, P < 0.05), IL-5 (11.37 ± 2.02 ng/L vs. 22.77 ± 4.07 ng/L, P < 0.05)and IFN-γ (16 167 ± 950.40 ng/L vs. 23 930 ± 44.20 ng/L, P < 0.05)in the blocker group compared with the model group. The serum levels of both total IgE and ovalbumin-specific IgE were significantly lower in the blocker group than in the model group(total IgE: 27 466.67 ± 2 052.64 μg/L vs. 32 277 ± 407.53 μg/L, P < 0.05; ovalbumin-specific IgE: 1 296.33 ± 32.72 μg/L vs. 2 323.33 ± 502.43 μg/L, P < 0.05), so were those of total IgG1 (0.46 ± 0.11 μg/L vs. 0.84 ± 0.11 μg/L, P < 0.05)and ovalbumin-specific IgG1 (0.62 ± 0.11 μg/L vs. 0.86 ± 0.07 μg/L, P < 0.05). Conclusion The fusion protein LTβR-Fc can alleviate symptoms of ovalbumin-induced dermatitis in the mouse model likely by suppressing the LIGHT-HVEM signaling pathway, suggesting that this signaling pathway may serve as a target for the treatment of dermatitis(such as atopic dermatitis).

Objective To establish blood purification system for rats and provide a safe and reliable experimental platform for further research of blood purification. Methods The right carotid artery and the contralateral jugular vein of adult male Sprague?Dawley rats were cannulated to creat vascular access for blood purification, by which continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration blood purification system was established. Blood flow, substitution fluid flow and ultrafiltration rate were regulated by rotary mini?pumps. Blood purification therapy continued for 4 hours on the basis of maintained anesthesia and effective anticoagulation. The safety of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration blood purification systems was evaluated by comparing the arterial blood gas, electrolyte indexes and blood glucose during the blood purification therapy. Closely monitoring the vital signs of rats, such as blood pressure and heart rate, and observing whether there were any side effects, such as massive haemorrhage, thrombogenesis and gas embolism in the therapeutic process. Results There were no obvious changes of arterial blood gas, electrolyte indexes and blood glucose during the blood purification therapy (P>0.05). The vital signs did not fluctuate acutely before and after the blood purification therapy (P>0.05). The incidence rate of side effects was very low. Conclusions
Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration blood purification system had no obvious adverse effects on healthy rats. Our blood purification system for rats appears to be safe and reliable.

Objective To determine the thermal conductivity under different temperatures and concentrations, and specific heat capacity under different concentrations of water extracts of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma; To establish the mathematical model of thermal conductivity-temperature, thermal conductivity-concentration, thermal conductivity-temperature-concentration and specific heat capacity-concentration of water extracts of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma. Methods Thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity were measured by the instantaneous double hot wire thermal conductivity meter and the electrothermal specific heat capacity meter. Excel, 1stOpt and MATLAB were used to analyze the experimental data. Results The method of using brix to facilitate and accurately characterize the concentration was established. The relationship between the thermal conductivity and the temperature and the concentration of water extracts of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma were all linearly negative (λ=a-bT, λ=a-bC), and the influence of temperature and concentration on the thermal conductivity had a certain interaction. λ=a-bC-cT-dCT could be used as the temperature and the concentration on the thermal conductivity of the integrated role model. And the specific heat capacity of the extract was negatively correlated with the concentration (cp=a-bC). Conclusion The thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity of the extract of water extracts of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma are different at different temperatures and concentrations, and the model can be used to characterize the changing law of thermodynamics of the extracts. It can provide guidance significance for the thermal characteristics analysis in TCM pharmaceutical process and TCM production equipment selection and design, and production process control.

Objective To investigate the effect of Gab2 on extracellular adhesion of colon cancer cells.Methods SW620 and HCT116 were selected to establish the stable cell lines of Gab2 high expression and Gab2 low expression in two colon carcinoma cell lines.The experiment NOD/SCID mice were divided into 3 groups, 10 rats in each group.The control group included scr/MGC803 inoculation of colon cancer cells, Gab2 reduction group included Gab2 colon cancer cells with reduced inoculation of siGab2/MGC803, and elevated Gab2 group included Gab2/MGC803 colon cancer cells with elevated Gab2 inoculation.Cell migration, tumor size, invasion and cell apoptosis were observed.Results After the treatment, cells transference number calculation results showed that cell migration in GAB2 reduced group was significantly lower than that in GAB2 increased group and control group (P<0.05).NOD/SCID mice were sacrificed 40 days after inoculation, in the comparison of weight of mice before and after inoculation, the Gab2 decreased group was significantly lower than the Gab2 increased group and the control group, and the control group was significantly lower than the Gab2 increased group.In comparison of tumor volume, Gab2 increased group were significantly higher than the Gab2 decreased group and the control group.In Gab2 decreased group, tumor volume inhibition rate was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression were positively correlated with GAB2 protein expression.Conclusion Gab2 can effectively regulate the number of cell migration in vitro, significantly inhibit the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells in mice, and inhibit the growth and metastasis of colon cancer by regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein.

Objective To investigate the effect of Gab2 on extracellular adhesion of colon cancer cells.Methods SW620 and HCT116 were selected to establish the stable cell lines of Gab2 high expression and Gab2 low expression in two colon carcinoma cell lines.The experiment NOD/SCID mice were divided into 3 groups, 10 rats in each group.The control group included scr/MGC803 inoculation of colon cancer cells, Gab2 reduction group included Gab2 colon cancer cells with reduced inoculation of siGab2/MGC803, and elevated Gab2 group included Gab2/MGC803 colon cancer cells with elevated Gab2 inoculation.Cell migration, tumor size, invasion and cell apoptosis were observed.Results After the treatment, cells transference number calculation results showed that cell migration in GAB2 reduced group was significantly lower than that in GAB2 increased group and control group (P<0.05).NOD/SCID mice were sacrificed 40 days after inoculation, in the comparison of weight of mice before and after inoculation, the Gab2 decreased group was significantly lower than the Gab2 increased group and the control group, and the control group was significantly lower than the Gab2 increased group.In comparison of tumor volume, Gab2 increased group were significantly higher than the Gab2 decreased group and the control group.In Gab2 decreased group, tumor volume inhibition rate was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression were positively correlated with GAB2 protein expression.Conclusion Gab2 can effectively regulate the number of cell migration in vitro, significantly inhibit the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells in mice, and inhibit the growth and metastasis of colon cancer by regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein.

Patients with end-stage renal disease have a 30％-50％ incidence of hyperparathyroidism.Renal hyperparathyroidism causes multiple systemic diseases,which affect the life quality of patients,and seriously endangers patients' life.Now there are two major treatments,Cinacalcet and surgery.This article is aimed to discuss the characteristics of the two methods and review the latest research on renal hyperparathyroidism.It is advised that Cinacalcet may apply to:1,patients with mild to moderate secondary hyperparathyroidism;2,patients who do not accept the surgery;3,patients with surgical contraindication.And surgical procedures are applicable to:1,patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation;2,patients with invalid Cinacalcet treatment;3,patients who cannot tolerate the side-effect of Cinacalcet;4,patients unable to undertake economic burden of Cinacalcet.However,these conclusions still require higher levels of clinical trials to be validated.