BACKGROUND:Stem cell transplantation provides a new approach to treat chronic renal disease.Specific marking and in vivo tracing of stern cells are the basis of studies in this field.However,the marking methods appropriate for all cells remain uncertain.OBJECTIVE:To observe the in vivo location and differentiation of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and green fluorescence protein (GFP)-Iabeled cells in adriamycin nephrosis rats so as to explore an efficient labeling and tracing method for metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMCs) derived from embryonic rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Grouping comparative observation was performed at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from April to December 2007.MATERIALS:A total of 60 female SD rats,weighing 180-220 g,of dean grade,were used to establish models of adriamycin nephrosis.METHODS:DAPI and MMCs infected with GFP and DAPI were respectively injected into addamycin nephrosis via the tail vein.DAPI and GFP distribution in the frozen sections was detected at 1,3,and 5 weeks,postoperatively.In addition,GFP expression in renal tissues was detected by ABC immunoenzymatic staining method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:DAPI and GFP-labeled Cell grafts in adriamycin nephrosis rats were compared.The changes of GFP-transfected MMCs at different time points were observed.RESULTS:DAPI positive cells were observed in tubular structures after 1 weeks of injection of DAPI-labeled cells and DAPI alone,and remained existing at 5 weeks,but the florescence was reduced with time.GFP-transfected MMCs were able to survive and integrate into tubular structures after 1 week,and remained existing at 5 weeks.Moreover,the fluorescence was not reduced.ABC immunoanzymatic staining showed that only a few GFP-positive MMCs appeared in glomerular tufts,and mainly distributed in cytoplasm.Semi-quantitative evaluation of GFP show that the positive cell rate in rats with early application was greater than that with advanced application,and the positive rate was increased with time.CONCLUSION:Liposome mediated GFP gene transfer was an efficient labeling in vitro and suitable tracing method for cell differentiation experiment in vivo,suitable for short-term tracing and observation of transplanted cells.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT) initially with urinary calculus .Methods The clinical data of 26 patients who diagnosed as PHPT ini-tially with urinary calculus were retrospectively reviewed .Results There were 22 cases with bilateral urinary calculus and 4 cases with unilateral relapsed urinary calculus .Ultrasonography , CT and radionuclide were helpful to determine the location of the neoplasia .24 cases underwent percutaneous nephroscope or ureteroscopy pneu-matic ballistic lithotripsy , 2 cases discharged ureteral calculi by themselves .All patients were performed surgical treatment of PHPT , which was confirmed by intraoperative frozen pathology and postoperative pathological exami -nation.There was great improvement of clinical symptoms after surgical procedures .The preoperative serum calci-um, urine calcium and parathyroid hormone elevated , while serum phosphate decreased .The postoperative indi-cators were just the opposite .The difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Laboratory investigations and imaging studies are very important to diagnose PHPT initially with urinary calculus .The para-thyroid surgery can remarkably reduce the calculus recurrence and improve renal function .

This paper summarizes clinical experience in treating depression with a combined approach of acupuncture and herbal medicine under the guiding principle of deficiency and excess. Given the complex pathogenesis of depression， it is proposed that syndrome differentiation based on deficiency and excess should serve as the overarching principle. Acupuncture is prioritized， supplemented by Chinese herbal medicine. Acupuncture is based on the spirit-regulating protocol； for excess syndromes， it is combined with the calming and restoring protocol， while for deficiency syndromes， it is combined with the five zang organs tonification protocol. In cases of mixed deficiency and excess， the two protocols are alternated， and adjustments are made dynamically throughout the treatment based on syndrome evolution. Herbal prescriptions are also guided by the differentiation of deficiency and excess. For excess patterns， dispersion and clearance should be emphasized， focusing on soothing the liver， clearing heat， relieving irritability， regulating qi， transforming phlegm， and calming the mind； for deficiency patterns， tonification is emphasized， aiming to strengthen the spleen， nourish the blood， calm the spirit， tonify qi， and consolidate the root.