The elastic-plastic indentation properties of materials with varying ratio of hardness to Young's modulus (H/E) were analyzed with the finite element method. And the indentation stress fields of materials with varying ratio H/E on the surface were studied by the experiment. The results show that the penetration depth, contact radius, plastic pileup and the degree of elastic recovery depend strongly on the ratio H/E. Moreover, graphs were established to describe the relationship between the elastic-plastic indentation parameters and H/E. The established graphs can be used to predict the H/E of materials when compared with experimental data.

Nonunion or delayed union remains one of the major complicatio ns of fractures. Repair of fractures involves a sequence of dynamic events which ultimately restore the integrity of bone and its biomechanical properties, incl uding such methods as surgery, internal fixation, bone grafting, external fixati on, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and high-energy extracorporeal shock wa ve. The preferred management of nonunion and delayed union is autologous bone gr afting. However, the supply of suitable bone is limited and it often results in additional morbidity to the donor site. Recently some advances have been made in the therapeutic principle for nonunion or delayed union. It is aimed at providi ng non-invasion, less complication, and safe treatment. This article introduces the development of some effective and safe therapies for nonunion or delayed un ion.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of cytology and telomerase activity in the exfoliated cells of cardia obtained from endoscopic brushing in the cardiac cancer.Methods The technique of the qualitative TRAP siver staining and quantitative TRAP PCR ELISA were employed to detect telomerase activity in the exfoliated cells of cardiac obtained from endoscopic brushing in 72 cases with cardial lesions,cytological diagnosis was made at the same time.Results Telomerase activity with cardiac cancer group(1\^521?0\^192)was significantly higher than that with cardialitis group(0\^065?0\^014).Positive rate of telomerase activity detected in cardiac cancer group(88\^89%)was significantly higher than that with cardialitis group(11\^11%).Positive rate of telomerase activity detected in cardiac cancer group(88\^89%)was significantly higer than cytological examination(77\^78%).The diagnostic rate of cardiac cancer was improved to 93\^33% if telomerase activity and cytology were examined at the same time.Conclusion Results show that the combination of cytology and telomerase activity in the exfoliated cardiac cells may be an effective and sensitive method in the diagnosis of cardiac cancer.This research can be a basis for the mass screening of cardiac cancer.

AIM:To look for a suitable signal peptide which may effectively conduct hepatopoietin(HPO)secretion,various recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed.METHODS:Different exogenous signal sequences were spliced with HPO cDNA by PCR,and the spliced genes were cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmids.The different recombinants were respectively tansfected into COS-7 cells by Lipofectamine 2000 method and the secretion of HPO was analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS:Western blotting analysis indicated that the signal peptides from interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1ra)and an artifical signal peptide did not secret HPO directly and effectively,but the signal peptide from murine Ig kappa secreted HPO directly with great efficiency.The molecular weight of the secreted HPO was 30 kD,which means that the secreted HPO existed in homodimer.CONCLUSION:Secreted recombinant expression plasmid is successful constructed.The result may pave the way for the gene therapy of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of Survivin gene and biological characteristics in human esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of Survivin gene was detected in 62 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical technique.Results The positive rate of Survivin expression in esophageal carcinomas was 79 0%,which was higher than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissues(6 5%,P0 05). The positive rate of Survivin expression in lymph node metastasis group (93 1%) was higher than that in the group without lymph node metastasis (66 7%,P

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) on DNA synthesis and cell cycle in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods The SGC-7901 cells were treated with MG-132, a specific inhibitor of UPP. The effect of MG-132 on cells DNA synthesis was assayed by 3 H-thymidine( 3H-TdR)incorporation. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry(FCM). Results After treated with MG-132, DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells was significantly inhibited, the ratio of G 0/G 1 phase cells increased, and the ratio of G 2/M phase and S phase cells decreased. Conclusions MG-132 can significantly inhibit DNA synthesis of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and induce G 1 blocking. The data indicated that inhibiting UPP may be a new strategy to treat gastric cancer.

Objective Acute poisoning is frequently encountered at emergency department. This study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of patients with acute poisoning who were treated at the Emergency Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, China. Method We retrospectively analyzed the gender, age, causes of poisoning, types of poisons, poisoning route, emergency diagnoses, outcomes, and prognoses of these patients.Results Altogether 2867 patients with acute poisoning were treated from January 2004 to December 2009. The ratween 18 and 40 years old. The incidence of acute poisoning was as high as 11.33% in January each year. The incidence of poisoning was in a descending order: alcohol poisoning (54.55%), medication poisoning (25.95%), pesticide poisoning (5.65%), and drug poisoning (4.88%). Most (56.44%) of the patients with drug poisoning were under 25 years and their mean age was significantly lower than that of patients with medication poisoning or alcohol poisoning ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Approximately 69.54% of the patients were followed up after emergency treatment, 30.39% were hospitalized, and four patients died. Conclusions Acute poisoning is largely alcohol poisoning and medication poisoning in a city. The emergency green channel "pre-hospital emergency care-emergency department-hospital treatment" can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with acute poisoning.

Objective To investigate the vasopressin (VP) response to increasing osmotic pressure in the late-phase of septic shock patients.Methods Thirty-seven septic shock patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical Unive~ity from January 2012 to September 2013 were enrolled.All patients received 3％ hypertonic saline solution infusion.Serum concentrations of VP and sodium were measured before and after hypertonic saline solution infusion.Patients with ratio of difference in VP and sodium before and after infusion of 3％ hypertonic saline (△VP/△Na) ≤0.5 pg/mmol were defined as nonresponders,and who ＞0.5 pg/mmol defined as responders.The age,acute physiological and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score,blood pressure,albumin level,vasoactive drug between the two groups were also analyzed.Results VP level in the nonresponsive group (n=20,54.05％) was markedly lowered before (ng/L:10.41 ± 1.70 vs.18.25 ± 5.90,t=5.29,P＜0.01) and after (ng/L:11.36 ± 1.90 vs.24.33 ± 5.46,t=9.33,P＜0.01) 3％ hypertonic saline solution infusion,compared with that in the responsive group (n =17,45.95％).All patients in the two groups were given dopamine (DA) or norepinephrine (NE) for maintaining blood pressure,and the dose in the nonresponsive group were higher than those in the responsive group [DA (μg· kg-1· min-1):14.91 ± 3.78 vs.8.64 ± 1.69,t =-5.02,P＜ 0.01 ; NE (μg· kg-1· min-1):1.03 ± 0.48 vs.0.38 ± 0.12,t=-3.12,P＜0.01].Three patients were given DA plus NE in the nonresponsive group while patients in the responsive group received only single drug therapy.The age,APACHE Ⅱ score,blood pressure,albumin level,sodium level before and after hypertonic saline solution infusion between the two groups were not statistically different.Conclusion VP secretion to osmotic challenge was impaired and decreased in the late-phase of septic shock,prompting dysfunction in VP synthesis.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets,and to optimize its formulation and technology. METHODS:The single factor test and compatibility test were used to optimize the fillers,disintegrating agents,adhesive,lubricants and prepa-ration technology;using sticking situation and disintegration time as indexes,the orthogonal test was used to optimize the amount of disintegrating agents [low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose(L-HPC)],lubricants(hydrogenated vegetable oil and PEG6000), and the optimal technology was validated. The dissolution of prepared tablet and imported tablet(Plavix)in water,pH 2.0 hydro-chlorate buffer,pH 4.5 phosphate buffer(PBS)and pH 6.8 PBS were investigated,and influential factor test was conducted. RE-SULTS:Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets were prepared with dry granulating. The optimal formulation (1 000 tablets) was as follows as clopidogrel bisulfate 97.8 g,mannitol 84 g,amylum pregelatinisatum 36 g,L-HPC 8 g,hydrogenated vegetable oil 8 g, PEG6000 6 g;no tablet compressing sticking situation was found in prepared tablets and it owned medium disintegration time;ac-cumulative dissolution curves of prepared tablets in 4 kinds of medium were similar to those of Plavix;there were no significant dif-ference in results of influential factor test between prepared tablet and Plavix. CONCLUSIONS:Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets are prepared successfully,and the formulation is reasonable,practical,stable and controllable in quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia for different lengths of time on cerebral edema and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) so as to explore possible mechanism for better application of mild hypothermia.Methods ICH models were made in rats by stereotaxically injecting autologous artery blood into right caudate nucleus.Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into 5 groups (n =8 each):sham-operated (sham),normothermic (NT),hypothermic-1 hour (MH1),hypothermic-2 hours (MH2),hypothermic-4 hours (MH3).Normothermic and sham-operated animals were kept at (37.0-± 0.2) ℃ of body temperature.Animals in the hypothermic groups received immediately and rapid cooling after ICH and kept at (33.0 ± 0.5) ℃ of body temperature for 1,2 and 4 hours respectively.Rats were sacrificed at 48 hours after cerebral hemorrhage.Then brain water content and BBB permeability were determined.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.Results The content of brain water,Evans blue concentration in brain,and the mRNA expression and protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were noticeably higher in NT group than those in sham group (P ＜0.01).There were statistically significant difference in the expression of HIF-lα mRNA and protein but little difference in other indicators between MH1 group and NT group.Compared with NT group,MH2 group and MH3 group brought about an improvement in BBB permeability and remarkable down-regulation of protein levels and expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF mRNA,whereas there were no statistically significant difference in expression of indicators between the two groups.Conclusions Mild therapeutic hypothermia induced rapidly and immediately after ICH could limit the development of brain edema in rats by down-regulating expression and protein levels of HIF-1 α mRNA,and in turn suppressing the evaluation of VEGF mRNA and protein expression.The brain edema was effectively reduced in animals treated with hypothermia for 2 hours' or 4 hours ' duration with little difference in magnitude of reduction in brain edema between these two modalities of hypothermia.