Objective To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of peripheral arterial obstructive disease(PAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients. Methods A total of 401 patients with T2DM(201 men and 200 women),mean aged was(63.4?8.8)years.PAD was diagnosed by an ankle-brachial index(ABI)≤0.9 on either leg.Results Overall prevalence of PAD was 19.4%,without significant sexual difference.Univariate analyses disclosed age,hypertension,systolic blood pressure(SBP),low dense lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and T2DM duration as significant risk factors.In multiple Logistic regression,age,SBP,LDL-C and T2DM duration were independent risk factors with respective odds ratios(95% confidence intervals,CI) of 1.94(1.20-2.60),1.12(0.88-1.43),1.32(0.97-1.63) and 1.27(0.96-1.73) respectively.Conclusions Prevalence of PAD in T2DM patients is(19.4)% and the major risk factors were older age,higher SBP,higher LDL-C and T2DM duration.This implies that it is very important to prevent the incidence of PAD for better glucose,lipid and blood pressure control early.

Objective Acute poisoning is frequently encountered at emergency department. This study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of patients with acute poisoning who were treated at the Emergency Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, China. Method We retrospectively analyzed the gender, age, causes of poisoning, types of poisons, poisoning route, emergency diagnoses, outcomes, and prognoses of these patients.Results Altogether 2867 patients with acute poisoning were treated from January 2004 to December 2009. The ratween 18 and 40 years old. The incidence of acute poisoning was as high as 11.33% in January each year. The incidence of poisoning was in a descending order: alcohol poisoning (54.55%), medication poisoning (25.95%), pesticide poisoning (5.65%), and drug poisoning (4.88%). Most (56.44%) of the patients with drug poisoning were under 25 years and their mean age was significantly lower than that of patients with medication poisoning or alcohol poisoning ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Approximately 69.54% of the patients were followed up after emergency treatment, 30.39% were hospitalized, and four patients died. Conclusions Acute poisoning is largely alcohol poisoning and medication poisoning in a city. The emergency green channel "pre-hospital emergency care-emergency department-hospital treatment" can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with acute poisoning.

Objective To study the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic mild hypothermia in patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest using a meta-analysis.Methods We searched the MEDLINE (1966-April 2012),OVID (1980 to April 2012),EMBASE (1980 to April 2012),Chinese bio-medical literature & retrieval system (CBM) (1978 to April 2012),Chinese medical current contents (CMCC) (1995 to April 2012),and Chinese medical academic conference (CMAC) (1994 to April 2012).Studies were included (1) the study design was a randomized controlled trial (RCT); (2) the study population included patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest,and received either conventional post-resuscitation care with normothermia or mild hypothermia; (3) the study provided data about good neurologic outcome and survival till hospital discharge.Relative risk (RR) and 95％ corfidence interval (CI) were used to pool the effect.Results The study included four RCTs with a collected total of 417 patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest.Compared to conventional post-resuscitation care with normothermia,patients in the hypothermia group were more likely to have good neurologic outcome (RR =1.43,95％ CI 1.14 ～ 1.80,P =0.002) and were more likely to survive till hospital discharge (RR =1.32,95％ CI 1.08 ～ 1.63,P =0.008).From all over the studies there was no significant difference in reported adverse events between the normothermia and hypothermia group (P ＞ 0.05).There did not exist heterogeneity and publication bias.Conclusions Therapeutic mild hypothermia improves neurologic outcome and survival in patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest.

Objective To investigate the protective role of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) in rat models of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Cardiopulmonary resuscitation model was established after cardiac arrest induced by ventricular fibrillation.Male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups according to random number table:control group,CORM-2 group,inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) group and Sham group,in which the equal volume (1 mL) of 0.2％ DMSO,50 μmol/kg CORM-2,50 μmol/kg iCORM-2 and 0.2％ DMSO were respectively administered into the rats of these groups after resuscitation.The ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured to detect the myocardial function by echocardiography at 12 hours after resuscitation.Mitochondrial respiration was assessed with Clark oxygen electrode at the same time.Western blot was used to determine the ratio of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) to cytoplasmic cyt c as well as caspase-3 level.Multiple comparisons were made by analysis of variance.Results Compared with the control group,higher EF and MPI,higher state Ⅲ respiration rate and respiratory control rate (RCR) of mitochondria,and decreased ratio of mitochondrial cytc/cytoplasmic cyt c and lower caspase-3 level were observed in the CORM-2 group (P ＜ 0.05).However,there were no significant differences in above biomarkers found between iCORM-2 group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The CO released from CORM-2 might improve mitochondrial respiration and PRMD by inhibition of myocardial apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Flemingia philippinensis. METHODS:The properties and micro-scopic characteristics were observed;TLC was adopted for qualitative identification of genistin and genistein;the moisture,total ash and extract were detected;HPLC was adopted for contents determination of genistin and genistein:the column was Thermo BE-TASIL C18 with mobile phase of Acetonitrile-0.5% glacial acetic acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 261 nm,column temperature was 25℃,and the injection volume was 10μl. RESULTS:The properties and micro-scopic characteristics of F. philippinensis and F. macrophylla showed strong specificity. TLC spots of genistin and genistein we- re clear and well separated,with no interference in negative control. The moisture was 3.69%-8.37%,total ash was 1.72%-6.74%,and extract was 5.89%-19.65%. The linear range was 0.012 9-2.588 μg for genistin(r=0.999 9)and 0.004 6-0.923 2 μg for genistein (r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;recoveries were 99.63%-101.87%(RSD=0.82%,n=6)and 97.19%-100.34%(RSD=1.23%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and specif-ic,and can be used for the quality control of F. philippinensis.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia for different lengths of time on cerebral edema and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) so as to explore possible mechanism for better application of mild hypothermia.Methods ICH models were made in rats by stereotaxically injecting autologous artery blood into right caudate nucleus.Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into 5 groups (n =8 each):sham-operated (sham),normothermic (NT),hypothermic-1 hour (MH1),hypothermic-2 hours (MH2),hypothermic-4 hours (MH3).Normothermic and sham-operated animals were kept at (37.0-± 0.2) ℃ of body temperature.Animals in the hypothermic groups received immediately and rapid cooling after ICH and kept at (33.0 ± 0.5) ℃ of body temperature for 1,2 and 4 hours respectively.Rats were sacrificed at 48 hours after cerebral hemorrhage.Then brain water content and BBB permeability were determined.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.Results The content of brain water,Evans blue concentration in brain,and the mRNA expression and protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were noticeably higher in NT group than those in sham group (P ＜0.01).There were statistically significant difference in the expression of HIF-lα mRNA and protein but little difference in other indicators between MH1 group and NT group.Compared with NT group,MH2 group and MH3 group brought about an improvement in BBB permeability and remarkable down-regulation of protein levels and expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF mRNA,whereas there were no statistically significant difference in expression of indicators between the two groups.Conclusions Mild therapeutic hypothermia induced rapidly and immediately after ICH could limit the development of brain edema in rats by down-regulating expression and protein levels of HIF-1 α mRNA,and in turn suppressing the evaluation of VEGF mRNA and protein expression.The brain edema was effectively reduced in animals treated with hypothermia for 2 hours' or 4 hours ' duration with little difference in magnitude of reduction in brain edema between these two modalities of hypothermia.

Objective To explore the incidence,features and outcomes of in-hospital sudden cardiac death (SCD) in order to determine the predictors of survival. Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with cardiac arrest hospitalized from January 2008 through December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Information on genders,age,types of arrhythmia was collected and further analyzed to determine these factors associated with the occurrence and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Results The overall incidence of SCD was 47.3 / 100 000 per year and 17.4％ of them.survived at discharge.The occurrence rate was higher in male than that in female (66.7％ vs.33.3％,P ＜0.01 ),whereas difference in gender did not affect the discharge rate ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Survivors from in-hospital cardiac arrest were significantly younger than non-survivors (man:62.57 ± 12.83 years vs.75.56 ± 10.55 years; women:60.36 ± 13.24years vs.69.53 ± 11.72 years,P ＜ O.01 ).From 62 ECG records of SCD patients,the incidence of nonshockable rhythms was higher than that of shockable rhythms.Compare to the non-shockable rhythms,the shockable rhythms brought a higher rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (54.5％ vs.24.5％,P ＜0.05),whereas survival rates at discharge between two groups were not statistically different ( 18.2％ vs.18.4％,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Non-shockable rhythms were more common in patients suffering from in-hospital cardiac arrest.Although defibrillation treatment contributed benefit to ROSC among patients with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia,high-quality CPR and post-cardiac arrest care may play a more critical role in the outcomes of in-hospital sudden cardiac death.

Objective To investigate the distribution of alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) gene polymorphisms and the relationships of AHSG gene polymorphisms with atherosclerosis as well as serum bone related biochemical mark-era. Methods Blood samples of 344 hospitalized female patients, aged 20 ～ 80 years, were sampled for serum bone alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked N-telopeptide of collagen type Ⅰ, cross-linked C-telopeptide of collagen type Ⅰ , osteoprotegrin and leptin were determined by ELISA. Serum TC,TG and calcium content were detected. Poly-morphism of AHSG gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) of restriction enzyme Sac Ⅰ. BMD (Norland XR-36) of the anteroposterior spine (AP), supine lateral spine (Lat) and femoral neck (FN) were measured. Morphological changes in the aorta and bone of type GG patient were detected by pathological microscopy. IMT were measured by color doppler ultrasound equipment(SEQUOIAS12). Results (1) The genotype frequency of CC, CG, and GG were 59.7%, 25.1% and 15.2% respectively in all elderly female patients. There were significant difference in blood lipids, Ca~(2+) and serum bone relative biochemical markers to different AHSG genotypes. (2)There were significant differences in the BMD of the AP, Lat, FN and IMT and the serum biochemical markers among the CC, CG and GG genotypes. (3)GG-female patients bone tissue pathology section verify the AHSG polymorphism genetic mutation and atherosclerosis, osteoporosis development of the relationship. Conclusion There was close relationship among AHSG polymorphism variation and the incidence of arteriosclerosis and osteoporosis in elderly female.

Objective To investigate the distribution of alpha2-HS glycoprotein(AHSG) gene polymorphisms and the relationships of AHSG gene polymorphisms with atherosclerosis as well as serum bone related biochemical markers.Methods Blood samples of 344 hospitalized female patients,aged 20～80 years,were sampled for serum bone alkaline phosphatase,cross-linked N-telopeptide of collagen typeⅠ,cross-linked C-telopeptide of collagen type Ⅰ,osteoprotegrin and leptin were determined by ELISA.Serum TC,TG and calcium content were detected.Polymorphism of AHSG gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphisms(PCR-RFLP) of restriction enzyme Sac Ⅰ.BMD(Norland XR-36) of the anteroposterior spine(AP),supine lateral spine(Lat) and femoral neck(FN) were measured.Morphological changes in the aorta and bone of type GG patient were detected by pathological microscopy.IMT were measured by color doppler ultrasound equipment(SEQUOIA512).Results(1) The genotype frequency of CC,CG,and GG were 59.7%,25.1% and 15.2% respectively in all elderly female patients.There were significant difference in blood lipids,Ca2+ and serum bone relative biochemical markers to different AHSG genotypes.(2)There were significant differences in the BMD of the AP,Lat,FN and IMT and the serum biochemical markers among the CC,CG and GG genotypes.(3)GG-female patients bone tissue pathology section verify the AHSG polymorphism genetic mutation and atherosclerosis,osteoporosis development of the relationship.Conclusion There was close relationship among AHSG polymorphism variation and the incidence of arteriosclerosis and osteoporosis in elderly female.

Objective To study the characteristics of epidemiology among the emergency patients with acute drugs poisoning in emergency center of Fujian Province.Methods Retrospective study was used to collect data of patients with acute drugs poisoning from 2004 to 2009,and data of patients 'gender,age,cause of poisoning,poison type,emergency diagnosis,medical treatment,etc.were analyzed.Results The epidemiological reports of 744 cases of acute drugs poisoning patients were collcected from 2004 to 2009,the male-to-female ratio was 1:4.2,the average age was 33.0,high incidence group was at ages 18 ～29 (50.3％ ).The most visiting time was in Spring (April to June).Eighty-eight point three percentage of poisoning was intentional.Central nervous system drugs,in particular sedative/hypnotic drugs (64.5％ )was the most common agents associated with poisoning.The poisoned patients were divided into three groups with mild ( 51.5％ ),moderate ( 33.2％ ) and severe ( 15.3％ ) according to the patient' s condition.Thirty-seven percentage poisoned patients were discharged after treatment followed up for observation,and 28.3％ patients were hospitalized,no patients died.Conclusions The majority of acute drugs poisoning among patients from city were sedative/hypnotic drugs.Reasonable grading and different treatment according to the condition of acute drugs poisoning would be helpful to improve the survival rates of acute poisoning and reduce medical costs.