Objective To explore the effect of laryngeal mask airway used in gynaecological laparoscopy and the nursing experience. Methods 80 selected patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy were divided into two equal-sized groups for airway management with the laryngeal mask airway group(L group)and the control group(C group). MAP、HR、SPO2、PETCO2 of all patients were observed at before induction, at airway insertion, at pneumoperitoneum, at airway removal. The ratio of postoperative nausea、vomiting、laryngismus、pharyngalgia、cerchnus、back streaming and aspiration were recorded. Results MAP and HR increased significantly in C group than L group at airway insertion and removal. SPO2 and PETCO2 had no significant difference in two groups at any time. The ratio of postoperative nausea、pharyngalgia、cerchnus was respectively higher in C group than L group. The ratio of laryngismus、vomitiong、backstreaming and aspiration in L group was similar with C group. Conclusions Laryngeal mask airway is an effective airway device for gynaecological laparoscopy, it has low incidence of complication, and make nursing care easy during operation.

Objective To discuss the practical significance and clinical therapeutic effects of shoulder arthroscopy technique in the diagnosis and treatment of glenoid labrum injury. Methods In order to have an accurate diagnosis of glenoid labrum injury of the shoulder, X-ray, arthrography, MRI and arthrog-raphy and arthroscopy techniques were used respectively for thirty-six cases of glenoid labrum injury. Under shoulder arthroscopy, the injured glenoid labrum was partially resected in twenty-eight patients affected with single glenoid labrum injury. The injured glenoid labrum of five SLAP cases were treated with debridement under shoulder arthroscopy, and then the affected shoulder was immobilized by zero-degree traction. The injured glenoid labrum of three Bankart cases also underwent debridement under shoulder arthroscopy, and then treated with improved Bristow operation through limited incision. Results After 2-year follow-up, according to the standard criterion of U. S. Michasel Reese Medical Center, the total pain score and the total joint function score were 75 and 25 respectively; the patients' average score was 65 and 20 postoperatively, compared with 35 and 10 preoperatively. The clinical symptoms of all these cases were greatly improved and the unstable symptoms disappeared postoperatively in eight SLAP injury or Bankart injury patients and they all returned their preoperative activities. Conclusion Glenoid labrum is one of the most frequent parts of shoulder joint to be injured. Shoulder arthroscopy is a necessary and effective advanced technique for a definite diagnosis and treatment of glenoid labrum injury. There is some difficulty to carry out operation with arthroscopy and some specific instruments, however, it is necessary for the surgeon to understand and handle the technique.

0.05)respectively.[Conclusion]The technique of radiographic assessment to define the anteromedial OA of the knee is not easy to perform,but it can be used,by well trained doctors,in the most knee OA cases with high accuracy.The MR imaging gives more information about cartilage defects and can be used in some doubted cases.

Objective To study the anticoagulant effects of Pheretima extracts and analyze the effective constituents. Methods Antithrombotic effects of Pheretima extracts were observed by determining the coagulation time, bleeding time of mice and the recalcification time of rabbit plasma in vitro, meanwhile the content of free amino acid in the extracts were determined. Results Pheretima extracts could prolong the coagulation time, bleeding time of mice, and the recalcification time of rabbit plasma in vitro. The content of free amino acid was rich in Pheretima extracts. Conclusion Free amino acid in Pheretima extracts may be the main anticoagulant effective constituents.

Objective To investigate the protective role of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) in rat models of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Cardiopulmonary resuscitation model was established after cardiac arrest induced by ventricular fibrillation.Male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups according to random number table:control group,CORM-2 group,inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) group and Sham group,in which the equal volume (1 mL) of 0.2％ DMSO,50 μmol/kg CORM-2,50 μmol/kg iCORM-2 and 0.2％ DMSO were respectively administered into the rats of these groups after resuscitation.The ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured to detect the myocardial function by echocardiography at 12 hours after resuscitation.Mitochondrial respiration was assessed with Clark oxygen electrode at the same time.Western blot was used to determine the ratio of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) to cytoplasmic cyt c as well as caspase-3 level.Multiple comparisons were made by analysis of variance.Results Compared with the control group,higher EF and MPI,higher state Ⅲ respiration rate and respiratory control rate (RCR) of mitochondria,and decreased ratio of mitochondrial cytc/cytoplasmic cyt c and lower caspase-3 level were observed in the CORM-2 group (P ＜ 0.05).However,there were no significant differences in above biomarkers found between iCORM-2 group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The CO released from CORM-2 might improve mitochondrial respiration and PRMD by inhibition of myocardial apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of deciduous dental caries among preschool children in Chongqing city and to compare the oral health status of preschoolers from public and private kindergarten.

METHODSAccording to the criteria recommended by The Third National Oral Health Investigation, the deciduous caries of 5 030 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old from 40 private kindergartens and 16 public kindergartens in Yuzhong district of Chongqing were examined. The prevalence of dental caries and the mean dmft and filling rate were calculated. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software package.

RESULTSMaxillary deciduous central incisors and mandibular deciduous molar were most prone to decay in 5,030 children. The prevalence of dental caries was 54.08% (2,720/5,030). The mean dmft score was 2.58 and the filling rate was 0.98% (127/12,993). The prevalence of dental caries and mean dmft increased gradually as the children were growing up (P < 0.05). The rate of filling teeth of the 6 year old group was higher than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference between males and females were noted (P > 0.05). The prevalence rate of deciduous dental caries among private kindergartens was 61.04% (1,656/2,713), with a mean dmft of 3.12 and filling rate of 0.35% (30/8,465). The prevalence rate of deciduous dental caries among public kindergartens was 45.92% (1,064/2,317), with a mean dmft of 1.95 and filling rate of 2.14% (97/4,528). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the prevalence rate, mean dmft, and filling rate between two kinds of kindergarten (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDeciduous dental caries of preschool children is an important problem in Chongqing city and the children from private kindergarten had very low filling rate.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Oral Health ; Prevalence ; Tooth, Deciduous

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on human renal tubule epithelial cell (HK-2 cells) fibrosis induced by ATP depletion/recovery and the role of transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in it.Methods HK-2 cells were seeded in 96-well plates,and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =36 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ATP depletion/recovery group (group D/R),propofol group (group P),and TAK1 over-expression group (group T).HK-2 cells were exposed to antimycin A for 1 h and then returned to normal culture medium to establish the model of ATP depletion/recovery-induced injury.At 1 h before ATP depletion,the cells were incubated for 1 h in the DMEM liquid culture medium containing propofol with the final concentration of 20 μmol/L in group P,and the cells were incubated for 1 h in the DMEM liquid culture medium containing propofol with the final concentration of 20 μmol/L and TAK1 with the titer of 2× 107 TU/ml in group T,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group D/R.At 12 h after ATP recovery,the cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,and cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and scored.The expression of TAK1 was detected using Western blot at 12,24 and 48 h after ATP recovery.The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA),fibronectin (FN),and collagen protein 1 (COL1) was measured at 48 h after ATP recovery.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the apoptosis score was increased,and the expression of TAK1,COL1,αSMA and FN was up-regulated after ATP recovery in D/R,P and T groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group D/R,the cell viability was significantly increased,the apoptosis score was decreased,and the expression of TAK1,COL1,αSMA and FN was down-regulated after ATP recovery in P and T groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the apoptosis score was increased,and the expression of TAK1,COL1,αSMA and FN was up-regulated after ATP recovery in group T (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol can reduce HK-2 cell fibrosis induced by ATP depletion/recovery,and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of TAK1 expression.

BACKGROUND: Aseptic loosening and infection are difficult to diagnose due to their similar clinical manifestations following total hip replacement.There lacks routine examinations or gold standard to diagnose peri-prosthetic infection.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of technetium-99m-labelled triphase isotope scinitigraphy in the diagnosis of peri-prosthetic infection following total hip arthroplasty.METHODS: A total of 11 patients with suspected peri-prosthetic infection were selected,with continuous hip pain,prosthesis loosening and abnormal serum indexes,including 7 males and 4 females,with an average age of 63.8(53-74)years.The average time of prosthesis usage was 14.5(0.5-30)years.The technetium 99m-labelled bone scintigraphy images were obtained to observe the density variation of the infection region during the blood flow phase,blood pool phase and late phase and compared with normal lateral limb.Time-radioactive uptake curve was made using software to analyze the diagnostic results.In addition,the diagnostic value of the triple-phase bone scinitigraphy was analyzed using the intraoperative frozen section results(neutrophil < 5 under 10 high power visual fields: no infection).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of 11 patients,2 cases showed negative result of triple-phase bone scinitigraphy,and intraoperative frozen section analysis showed < 5 polymorphonuclear cells per high-power field,who underwent one-stage revision surgery; 8 displayed positive result of tdple-phase bone scinitigraphy,and intraoperative frozen section analysis showed > 5polymorphonuclear cells per high-power field,who underwent two-stage revision surgery; 1 case showed negative result of triple-phase bone scinitigraphy but intraoperative frozen section analysis showed > 5 polymorphonuclear cells per high-power field,who also underwent two-stage revision surgery.Results show that positive results of triple-phase bone scintigraphy were related to peri-prosthetic infection,which has great value for revision surgery in combination with histopathological examination.

AIM:To investigate the potential role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathways in the radioresistance of esophageal cancer.METHODS:Radioresistant cell line Eca109R was established by repeating X-ray irradiation at dose of 60 Gy in total using Eca109 cells as parental cells.The radiosensitivity of the parental and radioresistant cells was confirmed by colony formation assay.The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.The intracellular protein levels of Shh and Gli1 were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence.RESULTS:The survival fractions at dose of 2 Gy for Eca109R cells and Eca109 cells were 0.937±0.013 and 0.499±0.042, respectively.The inhibitory rate of cell viability decreased gradually in the Eca109R cells (P<0.05), suggesting that the radioresistant cell line was successfully established.The results of Western blot indicated that the protein expression of Shh and Gli1 was much higher in the Eca109R cells than that in the Eca109 cells (P<0.05).Immunofluorescence staining showed that Gli1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and presented nuclear clustering in the Eca109R cells.The positive rate of Gil1 expression in Eca109 cells was 52.3%± 0.035%, while that in Eca109R cells was 87.6%±0.021% (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The radioresistance of esophageal cancer may be related to the activation of Shh signaling pathways with over-expression of Gli1 and other related proteins.

Objective To investigate the status of dental caries of deciduous teeth among preschool children from private kin-dergarten in Chongqing city.Methods According to the criteria recommended by The Third National Oral Health Investigation,the deciduous caries of 2 713 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years from 40 private kindergartens in Yuzhong district were examined.The prevalence of dental caries and the mean dmft were calculated.The results were analyzed using SPSS21.0 software package. Results The prevalence of dental caries was 61.04%.The mean dmft score was 3.12,the filling rate was 0.4%.The caries preva-lence of 3-,4-,5-,6-year-old children were found to be 42.51%,59.53%,67.76% and 74.85%,and the mean dmft score were 2. 71,3.68,3.96 and 4.09.The prevalence of dental caries and mean dmft increased gradually as the children was statistically signifi-cant(P <0.05).The caries prevalence of male and female children were 61.65% and 60.41%,the mean dmft were 3.11 and 3.13, the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion Deciduous dental caries of preschool children from private kindergartens was an important problem in Chongqing city,and the filling rate was very low.