Objective To establish a quantitative method for Astraloside in Xingnao Zaizao Capsules by HPLC-ELSD. Methods HPLC-ELSD separation was achieved on Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (250 mm?4.60 mm, 5 ?m) and mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water (36∶64). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, drift tube temperature was 105 ℃, and gas flow rate was 2.7 L/min. Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.486～2.43 ?g (r=0.999 7). The average recovery rate was 100.5% (n=6), RSD was 0.3%. Conclusion The method is rapid, accurate and reliable, and the method can be used as the quality standard for Xingnao Zaizao Capsules.

Objective To explore the lung developmental disorder of rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) via investigating the GDM rat fetal lung structures and expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins (SP)-B,SP-C,thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 and pleiomorphic adenoma gene like (PLAGL)-2.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were used to construct the GDM model.Twenty GDM rats were used as GDM group and 20 normal pregnant rats as control group.Cesarean section was performed on day 21 of gestation and random blood sugar was detected,and fetal rats were counted and weighed.Ultrastructure of the fetal lungs was studied by transmission electron microscopy.Sixty fetal rats were selected randomly in each group,and 360 paraffin sections were made from fetal lungs.One hundred discontinuous paraffin sections were picked up in each group to observe morphological and structural changes under optical microscope.The other one hundred discontinuous paraffin sections were picked up in each group to detect the location and expression of SP-B,SP-C,TTF-1 and PLAGL-2 protein by immunohistochemistry.Nine fetal rats were selected randomly to detect the expression level of SP-B,SP-C,TTF-1 and PLAGL-2 proteins in fetal lung tissues by Western blotting.Twenty seven fetal rats were selected randomly to detect the mRNAs level of SP-B,SP-C,TTF-1 and PLAGL-2 by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Independent sample t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results The average random blood glucose level in GDM group was significantly higher than that in control group [(26.8± 2.8) vs (4.9± 0.5) mmol/L,t=-34.05,P=0.00].The average weight of fetal rats in GDM group was higher than that in control group [(5.6±0.6) vs (5.2±0.5) g,t=-1.97,P=0.03].Alveolar number (10.1 ± 1.6 vs 12.1 ± 1.3) and alveolar area [(986.9 ± 5.5) vs (1 257.3± 5.0) μ m2] in GDM group was less than that in control group (t=9.84 and 27.53,both P ＜ 0.05).Alveolar septum [(11.5±6.2) vs (9.9±4.3) μm] in GDM group was higher than that in control group (t=-2.17,P ＜ 0.05).Microvillus in type] cells were short and the number of lamellar bodies was significantly decreased in GDM group.SP-B,SP-C,TTF-1 and PLAGL-2 proteins were distributed in the cytoplasm in granular form.The average value of absorbance of SP-B,SP-C,TTF-1 and PLAGL-2 proteins in GDM group was 1.15±0.12,1.23±0.06,0.87±0.21 and 1.21 ±0.18 respectively;and that in control group was 1.22±0.05,1.31 ±0.14,1.12±0.09 and 1.33 ±0.07 respectively.The value in GDM group was lower than that in control group (t=2.40,2.35,4.89,and 2.77 respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of SP-B,SP-C,TTF-1 and PLAGL-2 proteins in GDM group was 0.57± 0.09,0.45±0.03,1.50±0.04 and 1.11 ±0.04 respectively;and that in control group was 0.81 ±0.03,0.66±0.04,1.69±0.05 and 1.46±0.07 respectively.The value in GDM group was lower than that in control group (t=1 1.77,11.09,8.80 and 13.37,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).The mRNA level of SP-B,SP-C,TTF-1 and PLAGL-2 in GDM group was 0.60±0.04,0.79±0.04,0.81 ±0.03 and 0.79±0.05 respectively;and that in control group was 1.06±0.19,1.03±0.24,1.03±0.18 and 1.02±0.19 respectively.The value in GDM group was lower than that in control group (t=6.80,2.98,3.54 and 3.54 respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The protein expression level of SP-B and SP-C in fetal lungs of GDM rats decreases obviously,possibly because of the down-regulation of the gene expression of TTF-1 and/or PLAGL-2.The pathological changes in fetal lungs of GDM rats might be associated with the descending level of SP-B and SP-C protein.

Objective To investigate circulating level of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods We enrolled 104 consecutive patients with AF (67 are paroxymal AF and 37 are persistent AF) that presented to our hospital between August 2012 and June 2013. Subjects without AF (n=67) was used as controls who were matched for sex, age and atherosclerotic risk factors enrolled in the same period. Serum GDF-15 con-centration was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Echocardiography and laboratory parameters were compared among three groups. The correlation of GDF- 15 and hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as well as the risk factors of development of AF were also analyzed. Results No significant difference in age, history of hypertension, coro-nary heart disease, and stroke was found among three groups (P>0.05). GDF-15 had significant difference between pa-tients with paroxysmal AF and controls [(1 473.14±628.52)μg/L vs (1 233.592±262.76)μg/L, P=0.012]. GDF-15 level was correlated with hs-CRP (rs=0.172,P=0.044). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that high GDF-15 is a risk factor of devel-opment of paroxysmal AF/AF (OR:1.002, 95%CI:1.000-1.003, P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with AF have a higher se-rum level of GDF-15 compared with controls and GDF-15 level is a risk factor of development of paroxysmal AF/AF.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different seminal rhizomes on the growth, quality and quantity of Curcuma longa root.

METHODSingle factor randomized block design was applied, plant samples were collected and investigated periodically, and dry weight, production and the main active ingredient content were measured.

RESULTThe difference seminal rhizomes affected the growth, quality and quantity of C. longa root.

CONCLUSIONThe bigger and stronger rhizomes should be chosen as seeds.

Sichuan Province is located across several major geomorphic units,such as the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,Hengduan Mountains,the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,Qinling Bashan Mountains,and Sichuan Basin.The complex ecological environment has created rich plant species.Based on the results of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Sichuan Province,according to the plant catalog in the,The results indicate that Sichuan has a total of 42 families,65 genera,and 116 species(including sub species)of medicinal plants under national key protection,there are 9 species such as lotus leaf fern under first level protection,and 107 species such as golden haired dog under second level protection.The distribution of rare and endangered medicinal plants in Sichuan Province has obvious regional characteristics,with the highest distribution in Leshan and Ganzi,and obvious vertical distribution.There are as many as 57 species distributed in high-altitude areas such as Ganzi Prefecture and Aba Prefecture.The endangered reasons for the key protected medicinal plants in Sichuan Province are mostly caused by human destruction and environmental damage.It is suggested to strengthen the protection of rare and endangered medicinal plant resources and develop and utilize them reasonably.

Objective To Provide basic information for the development of traditional Chinese medicine in the region by collating medicinal plant resources in Southern Sichuan Economic Zone.Methods The list was formed in Southern Sichuan Economic Zone by collecting and verifying Medicinal Plant Resources in 28 Counties(Districts)of the Southern Sichuan Economic Zone.The species composition,family structure,life type,threated degree of the medicine plants resources,the medicinal parts of key medicinal plants included,main cultivated medicinal herbs in the pharmacopoeia were statistically analysed for searching for the diversity of medicinal plant resources.Results The medicinal plant resources included 201 families,979 genera,2555 species.Herbaceous medicinal plants accounted for the largest proportion in both species and quantity.There are 270 species listed in the Chinese pharmacopoeia and 72 threatened and protected species among the medicinal plant resources.Conclusion The diversity of medicinal plant resources in the South Sichuan Economic Zone is prominent,and it can be reasonably developed,utilized,and protected.It is suggested to formulate effective protection measures for wild medicinal plant resources based on regional environmental characteristics,and rationally and sustainably develop and utilize high-quality medicinal plant resources with local characteristics.

Objective Investigate the types and reserves of key Chinese medicinal materials in Sichuan Province,and provide scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Sichuan Province.Methods Using a combination of field sample survey,market visit survey,and cultivation visit survey,we investigated the varieties and reserves of key Chinese medicinal materials in 183 county-level administrative regions in Sichuan Province.Results Sichuan Province has included 358 key varieties in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,including 133 key medicinal materials under market investigation and 225 key medicinal materials under field investigation.The investigation discovered 325 key plant medicinal materials,14 key animal medicinal materials,14 key mineral medicinal materials,and 5 key fungal medicinal materials.We have completed a survey on the quantity and weight of 134 key Chinese medicinal materials,and calculated the reserve information of 134 key medicinal materials through the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Census Database System.Conclusion Sichuan Province has abundant types of key traditional Chinese medicine resources,accounting for 51.3%of the total number of key varieties in the country.The resource reserves are large,exceeding 20 million tons,but some varieties of resources are severely damaged and urgently need to be protected.

Objective To compare the changes of the Chinese Materia Medica resources(CMMR)in Sichuan based on the data of the 3rd Chinese Materia Medica Resource Inventory(CMMRI,1983-1986)and the 4th CMMRI(2011-2022).Methods Using new techniques,after field investigation,collection and identification of the specimens of the animals,plants and minerals.The data of the CMMR in Sichuan found in the 4th CMMRI were analysed and compared with the data of 3rd CMMRI.Results ①9055 species of CMMR were found in Sichuan during the 4th CMMRI,including 8272 species of medicinal plants,745 species of medicinal animals and 38 species of medicinal minerals.Compared with the 3rd CMMRI,the number of CMMR found in Sichuan have greatly increased.The number of medicinal plants increased 5018 species,the number of medicinal animals increased 637 species and the number of medicinal minerals increased 5 species,too.②The medicinal plants is the main part of the CMMR,and the higher plants(7774 species)has the absolute advantage of the CMMR.The top 20 families which have plenty of plant species include Compositae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,etc.③ Based on the data of the CMMR of the 183 counties in Sichuan,the reserves of 235 species of wild CMMR in Sichuan is about 36.72 million ton.There were 49 CMMR which have reserves beyond 100 thousand tons,such as Arisaematis rhizoma,Epimedii folium,Cimicifugae rhizoma,Acori tatarinowii rhizoma,Gentianae macrophyllae radix,Polygoni multiflori radix etc.④In 2021,there were 215 species of CMMR cultivated in Sichuan,the main species were Aurantii fructus,Chuanxiong rhizoma,Polygonati rhizome,Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome.The planting area was 8.17 million and the production was 1.26 million ton.⑤All 183 countries were found CMMR,the number of the species of CMMR in 30 countries exceeded 800,including 16 countries which had more than 1000 kinds of CMMR,such as Emeishan,Hongya,Muli etc.The total types of the CMMR(up 118.31%),the reserves of the wild CMMR(up 119 times)and the number of the counties(up 3 times)which had plenty of CMMR,showed a marked increase over the 3rd CMMRI.8 new species were found in the the 4th CMMRI,such as Codonopsis atriplicifolia,Tongoloa tagongensis,Allium xinlongense,etc.Conclusion The species,the reserves of the CMMR and the resource rich countries in Sichuan are the top 3 in China and Sichuan is worthy of the title of"Hometown of Traditional Chinese Medicine".The compositions and types of the family,genus and species of the CMMR in Sichuan have significantly increased.The basic information of the CMR in Sichuan was clearly found out during the 4th CMMRI,and beneficial for the sustainable development and utilization of the CMMR in Sichuan.

The establishment of a traceability system for the entire industry chain of Chinese medicinal materials can enhance regional brand building,raise the quality awareness of medicinal material producers,standardize the production processes of Chinese medicinal materials,and ensure the production of high-quality medicinal materials.Sichuan Province has successfully implemented a provincial-level Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)tracing system that is interconnected across provinces,cities,and counties.This system enables the complete tracking of the entire supply chain,starting from seed and seedling cultivation,through planting and breeding,harvesting and processing,and finally to the production and distribution of decoction pieces in trade and medical institutions.This research provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in establishing the Chinese herbal medicine traceability system in Sichuan Province.It analyzes the existing challenges faced by participating enterprises,such as the hierarchy of involvement,information integrity,and the overall impact of the system.Moreover,the paper presents valuable insights and suggestions for the further development of the Chinese herbal medicine traceability system in Sichuan Province.These recommendations focus on enhancing the traceability scope,improving service capabilities,promoting data sharing,and establishing standardized norms and guidelines.

Background Exposure to heavy metals has potential adverse impacts on human health, and the concentration of heavy metals in abandoned mining areas may still be higher than that in general areas, so the health risk assessment in such areas cannot be ignored. Objective To explore the health risk of heavy metal exposure and the spatial distribution characteristics of associated main metals in a typical abandoned mining area. Methods Environmental samples of irrigated soil, rice, and drinking water were collected from 13 natural villages under the jurisdiction of a township in Liuzhou, Guangxi from November to December 2019, where a typical abandoned mining was located. Finally, 13 irrigation soil samples, 11 rice samples, and 13 drinking water samples were collected. The concentrations of six metals and metalloid elements in each environmental sample were detected by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), including cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). At the same time, 251 local residents were recruited for health risk assessment. Model parameters such as body weight, rice intake, and drinking water intake of local residents were obtained through field survey, and the median metal concentration of each environmental sample was taken as the risk assessment parameter of the region. The health risk of heavy metal exposure of local residents was assessed by using oral health risk assessment model of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The spatial distribution characteristics of health risks associated with heavy metals were evaluated by empirical Bayes interpolation method using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. Results The positive rates of Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn in the irrigated soil samples were 100.00%. The positive rate of Pb was 63.64% in the rice samples, while the rates of other metals were 100.00%. The positive rates of Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn in the drinking water samples were 53.85%, 76.92%, 92.31%, 15.38%, 84.62%, and 100.00%, respectively. The results of non-carcinogenic risk assessment of oral exposure to heavy metals suggested that the contribution of heavy metals causing non-carcinogenic risk from high to low was As (70.52%) > Cd (18.03%) > Zn (6.63%) > Cu (4.12%) > Pb (0.64%) > Cr (0.06%), and the corresponding estimated non-carcinogenic risk values were 3.54 × 10⁰, 9.05 × 10⁻¹, 3.33 × 10⁻¹, 2.07 × 10⁻¹, 3.23 × 10⁻², and 5.42 × 10⁻⁴, respectively. The results of carcinogenic risk assessment of oral exposure to heavy metals suggested that the contribution of studied metals from high to low was Cd (87.00%) > As (10.24%) > Cr (2.60%) > Pb (0.16%), and the estimated carcinogenic risks were 4.35× 10⁻³, 5.12 × 10⁻⁴, 1.30 × 10⁻⁴, and 3.08 × 10⁻⁷, respectively. Rice was the leading media associated with non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk (99.4% and 99.8% respectively). The spatial distribution characteristics of GIS showed no obvious regularity in the distribution of As in irrigated soil, rice, and drinking water. In rice and irrigated soil, the content of Cd in the villages adjacent to the mining area was obviously higher than that in the other villages, while in drinking water, the content in the villages far away from the mining area was higher. Conclusion As and Cd are the main heavy metals that increase the health risk of local residents in a typical abandoned mining area, and the distribution characteristics of the two heavy metals in different environmental media are not completely consistent.