The training model of high level Chinese Medicine Talents has been the focus of debate in Chinese Medicine over the years.Through reviewing the history of high level Chinese Medicine Talents training in China since 1949,we have summarized the characteristics and analyzed the deep level problems impacting the quality of talents training.The strategies which we have proposed in this study will have high significance not only in the theory but in a realistic sense.

Objective To screen the liver cell proteins interacting with the novel protein encoded by the 2.2 kb singly spliced variant of hepatitis B virus genome. Methods The splicing-specific gene TPss generated by the 2.2 kb singly spliced variant of HBV genome was amplified by PCR and cloned into the bait vector pGBKT7. After exclusion of self-activatian capacities of TPss protein, a two-hybrid library screening was performed using a pre-transformed human liver cDNA library to screen the liver cell proteins interacting with TPss. Mammalian two-hybrid assay was also done to further confirm the interactions between the bait and prey proteins in Huh7 and HepG2 hepatacytes. Results TPss gene with the size of 336 bp was successfully amplified and cloned, and the TPss protein expressed well in AHI09 yeast cells. Four liver cell proteins interacting with TPss, i. e. , cathepsin B, epoxide hydrolase 1, cathepsin D and fibrinogen gamma chain, were screened by yeast two-hybrid assay and further confirmed by mammalian two-hybrid assay. Conclusion TPss could interact with liver cell proteins.

Influenza A virus can create acute respiratory infection in humans and animals throughout the world, and it is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that influenza A virus infection induces rapidly host innate immune response. Influenza A virus triggers the activation of signaling pathways that are dependent on host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs). Using a variety of regulatory mechanisms, these signaling pathways activate downstream transcript factors that control expression of various interferons and cytokines, such as type I and type III interferons. Thus, these interferons stimulate the transcript of relevant interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and expression of the antiviral proteins, which are critical components of host innate immunity. In this review, we will highlight the mechanisms by which influenza A virus infection induces the interferon-mediated host innate immunity.
Cytokines ; immunology ; DEAD Box Protein 58 ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza, Human ; immunology ; Interferons ; immunology ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; immunology

BACKGROUND:A number of in vitro experiments have confirmed that the tricalcium silicate not only can be closely integrated with the dentin through self-curing process, but also can induce dentin remineralization in the physiological environment, thereby effectively blocking the dentinal tubules.
OBJECTIVE:To further verify the effects of tricalcium silicate solution on the occlusion of dentinal tubules.
METHODS:Thirty-six dentinal discs were made of free first premolars from orthodontic patients, and divided into three pretreatment groups randomly. The teeth were soaked in pretreatment solution for 2 minutes, namely 0.29 mol/L ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid, 6%citric acid, and rinsed ultrasonical y with deionized water 20 minutes, respectively. Every above-mentioned group was randomly assigned into experimental group (tricalcium silicate), control group (sodium fluoride) and blank group, and corresponding materials in each group were used to coat the outer dentinal tubules (2 minutes/time). Then, the dentinal discs were saved in artificial saliva in a 37 observed using scanning electron microscope. Diameter and area of open dentinal tubules were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After pretreatment, the dentinal tubules were at open state;except for the blank control group to maintain the original state, acid etching and ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid pretreatment solutions had a stronger capacity of demineralization, which led to the dentinal tubules open. After the dentinal tubules were treated with sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate, there were varying degrees of sediments, and open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate groups were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The dentinal tubule treated with tricalcium silicate was almost entirely closed homogeneously, and occasional y, a single open dentinal tubule was seen. Open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the tricalcium silicate group were significantly lower than those in the sodium fluoride group (P<0.05). The findings verify that dentin occlusion using tricalcium silicate is superior to that using sodium fluoride;and dentin tubule pretreatment with acid etching or ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid is beneficial to desensitization effects.

Objective To evaluate the efifcacy and safety of Xiyanping in the treatment of hand-foot and mouth disease. Methods Based on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Chinese Bio-medicine Database (CBM), China Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), VIP database and Wanfang database were searched. All of the randomized controlled trials (RCT) of Xiyanping versus ribavirin were included. The data were extracted and evalu-ated by two reviewers independently. Risk assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias and software Revman5.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results Twenty-four RCT and 3314 patients were included. Comparing to ribavirin, Xiyanping showed better therapeutic outcomes regarding to total effective rate, durations of fever and rash elimination (RR=1.17, 95%CI:1.12~1.23;MD=-1.56, 95%CI:-2.10~-1.02;MD=-1.41, 95%CI:-1.90~-0.93). Side effects were rare in both groups and could be recovered after drug withdrawal. Conclusions The current evidence suggests that Xiyanping is superior to ribavirin in the treatment of hand-foot and mouth disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of virtual simulation teaching method in the comprehensive experimental teaching.Methods In experimental teaching of nursing,simulation medical records were compiled,plans were implemented,experiment guidance materials were preliminarily formed and teaching effect was evaluated.Results The application of virtual simulation teaching in nursing comprehensive experiments reflected the comprehensiveness of teaching content,and the comprehensiveness of knowledge,ability and capacity.It could train students creative ability,exploring spirit,enhance the sense of professional and humane care consciousness,train the communication skills and strain capacity,make active teaching atmosphere,improve the quality of teaching.Conclusions This teaching method can make students achieve mastery through a comprehensive multi-disciplinary knowledge,improve the ability of solving practical problems,help nurses to develop the comprehensive professional quality.

Objective To explore the effect of specific labeling method in improving the mixed placing of medical waste in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods Medical waste classification of 34 trash cans in the NICU of a hospital between July and December 2014 were investigated,July-September was pre-implementation phase of spe-cific labeling,October-December was post-implementation phase,mixed placing of medical waste between pre-and post-implementation phase was compared.Results A total of 504 cases of medical waste classification in NICU were investigated,252 cases respectively in pre-and post-implementation phase,74 cases of mixed placing were found. Mixed placing rates before implementing specific labeling was higher than after implementing (25.40%[64/252]vs 3.97%[10/252],χ2 =46.187,P <0.001 );before implementing specific labeling,57 cases of infectious waste and non-infectious waste were mixed placing,after implementing specific labeling,only 8 cases of infectious waste and non-infectious waste were mixed placing.Mixed placing were mainly performed by trainees for in-service training and interns,accounting for 39.06% before implementing and 50.00% after implementing.Conclusion The specific labeling for standardizing and managing of medical waste can improve the classification of medical waste in NICU, significantly improve the compliance of all kinds of health care workers to the standard handling of medical waste.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect for percutaneous microwave ablation of type I substernal goiter under the guidance of ultrasound . Methods Thirteen patients with type I substernal goiter were selected . All patients underwent percutaneous microwave ablation treatment under the guidance of ultrasound . Thirteen patients with 47 medals nodules were performed ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation . Intraoperative heat blocking blood flow was used to prevent severe hemorrhage .Liquid isolation belt and leverage from methods were used to effectively prevent surrounding important structures against heat damage .Small amount of residual method was used to avoid tracheal collapse . All patients were followed up post‐operative 1 ,3 ,6 ,12 months by monitoring of thyroid nodule volume change , adverse reactions , and postoperative complications . Results Thirteen patients with 47 medals nodules were successfully performed percutaneous microwave ablation guided by ultrasound . Among them ,2 patients performed the second treatment for too large volume of goiter ,tracheal displacement and poor physical tolerance of older . The postoperative ultrasound contrast and color Doppler showed that the lesions were completely inactivated . No obvious complications occurred in all 13 patients , and no permanent hoarseness occured . The symptoms of cervical oppression and discomfort disappeared for all patients within 1-4 months after surgery . Thirteen patients were followed up for 12 months after the operation . The thyroid function was normal and the volume reduction rate of thyroid nodules was (85 ± 31)% . Conclusions Percutaneous microwave ablation of type I substernal goiter under ultrasonic guidance is a safe and effective method to reduce the thyroid nodules with no serious complications . It is worth to be popularized in clinical practice .

Objectives To investigate the effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on the expression ot microRNA-191 (miR-191) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) in human normal hepatic cells (L-02 cells).Methods L-02 cells were exposed to different doses of NaAsO2 [0 (control group),5,25,50 and 75 μmol/L]for 24 h,or treated with 5 and 25 μmol/L NaAs02 for 0 (control group),12,24 and 48 h.The miR-191 inhibitor was used to suppress the expression of miR-191.qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression level of miR-191 and TIMP-3 mRNA,and the protein level of TIMP-3 was analyzed by Western blotting.Results Dose-effect study:There were significant differences in the expressions of miR-191,TIMP-3 mRNA and protein between the 5 groups (F =85.674,20.952,123.393,all P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of miR-191 in all groups (1.702 ± 0.124,2.077 ±0.234,2.145 ± 0.105,2.003 ± 0.077) were higher than that of control group (0.990 ± 0.035,all P ＜ 0.05);the mRNA expressions of TIMP-3 in 25,50,75 μmol/L groups (0.848 ± 0.067,0.804 ± 0.081,0.813 ± 0.076) were all lower than that of control group (0.996 ± 0.007,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of TIMP-3 between the 5 μmol/L group and control group (0.939 ± 0.133 vs 0.996 ± 0.007,P＞ 0.05),and the protein expressions of TIMP-3 in all groups (0.846 ± 0.093,0.611 ± 0.123,0.554 ± 0.098,0.529 ± 0.067) were lower than that of control group (1.006 ± 0.003,all P ＜ 0.05).Time-effect study:there were significant differences in the expressions of miR-191,TIMP-3 mRNA and protein between the exposure groups of 5 and 25 μmol/L (For 5 μmol/L:F =86.355,16.404,22.898,all P ＜ 0.05;For 25 μmol/L:F =104.321,20.123,52.321,all P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of miR-191 in all exposure groups of 5 and 25 μmol/L (1.392 ± 0.152,1.691 ± 0.167,2.018 ± 0.130 and 1.456 ± 0.167,1.946 ± 0.178,2.259 ± 0.256) were higher than those of control groups (1.001 ± 0.014,1.008 ±0.027,all P ＜ 0.05);the mRNA expressions of TIMP-3 in 48 h exposure group of 5 μmol/L and all exposure groups of 25 μmol/L (0.824 ± 0.093 and 0.897 ± 0.033,0.815 ± 0.089,0.709 ± 0.103) were lower than those of control groups (1.004 ± 0.018,0.997 ± 0.057,all P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of TIMP-3 between the 12,24 h exposure groups of 5 μmol/L and control group (0.952 ± 0.072,0.929 ± 0.121 vs1.004 ± 0.018,all P ＞ 0.05);the protein expressions of TIMP-3 in all exposure groups of 5 and 25 μmol/L (0.857 ±0.068,0.832 ± 0.106,0.691 ± 0.112 and 0.785 ± 0.097,0.620 ± 0.066,0.453 ± 0.075) were lower than those of control groups (1.006 ± 0.045,1.004 ± 0.078,all P ＜ 0.05).The treatment of miR-191 inhibitor:there were significant differences in the expressions of miR-191 and TIMP-3 protein between different groups (F =104.306,67.015,all P ＜ 0.05).The elevated expression level of miR-191 induced by NaAsO2 was significantly suppressed after transfected with miR-191 inhibitor (0.314 ± 0.094 vs 2.051 ± 0.371,P ＜ 0.05),which in turn up-regulated the protein expression of TIMP-3 (1.965 ± 0.277 vs 0.541 ± 0.183,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression level of miR-191 is elevated in response to NaAsO2 exposure,and miR-191 has subsequently suppressed the expression of TIMP-3,a potential target of miR-191.

Objective Investigate the effect of TrKA variation on the expression of neucleoprotein NF-?B P65 and apoptosis.Methods To construct the expression vector of TrKA small interfering RNA,the recombinant was transfected into MCF-7 cells.the stable cell line expressing TrKA small interfering RNA were selected by G418.The mRNA and protein of TrKA were tested by real-time PCR,Western-blot and Immunohistochemistry.The change of neucleoprotein NF-?B P65 was detected by WB,Flow cytometry was used to observe the cell apoptosis.ResultsThe expression vector of TrKA-siRNA was successfully constructed.The mRNA and protein of TrKA were decreased by 74.7% and 80.5% respectively(P