Glaucoma is a kind of disease with irreversible degeneration of optic nerve and visual field defects,and the mechanism of optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma has undefined at present;meanwhile,the treatment of glaucoma has not been achieving satisfying outcomes in clinical practices.It has been well known that stem cells have the ability to self-proliferate and differentiate.Recently,with the deepening of stem cell research,it is possible for humans to use stem cells to treat glaucoma.There are two methods of stem cell transplantation for glaucoma:stem cell replacement therapy for trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cell replacement therapy,so this article will give a review on the progress of stem cells in the treatment of glaucoma.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the domestic wire-reinforced epidural catheter on complications related to anesthesia during labor analgesia.Methods A total of 2 407 parturients,aged 18-40 yr,weighing 50-100 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective operations under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia,were divided into 2 groups using a random number table:comnon epidural catheter group (group Ⅰ,n=1 203) and wirereinforced epidural catheter group (group Ⅱ,n=1 204).After successful epidural puncture,the appropriate amount of local anesthetics was injected into the subarachnoid space,and the corresponding epidural catheter was then inserted,and the depth was 3 em.Paresthesia during catheterization,unexpected catheter displacement,difficult extubation,catheter bending,epidural bleeding,successful insertion at first attempt,successful insertion time,the number of successfully delivered doses and consumption of patientcontrolled analgesia solution were recorded.The patients were followed up after operation for nerve damage.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the incidence of paresthesia during catheterization,unexpected catheter displacement and catheter bending was significantly decreased,the occurrence of epidural bleeding was reduced,the success rate of insertion at first attempt was increased,successful insertion time was shortened,the incidence of difficult extubation was increased (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the number of successfully delivered doses,consumption of patient-controlled analgesia solution or incidence of nerve damage after operation in group Ⅱ (P＞0.05).Conclusion Complications related to anesthesia are reduced when the domestic wire-reinforced epidural catheter is used for labor analgesia.

Fifty-four patients with greater occipital neuralgia were treated by faceup and rotationally pulling manipulation of cervical vertebra plus acupuncture on Fengchi (GB 20), Tianzhu (BL 10), Anmian (Ex-HN), Jiaji (Ex-B 2, C1 and C2), Naokong (GB 19), Yuzhen (BL 9) and Waiguan (TE 5) and all got effectiveness.

Objective To study the correlation between ?-fibrinogen gene variation (-455G/A) and plasma fibrinogen level and cerebral infarction.Methods 86 hypertension patients with cerebral infarction(infarction group),85 hypertension patients without cerebral infarction(hypertension group) and 90 healthy people(control group) were enrolled in this trial. The polymorphism of ?-fibrinogen gene-455G/A located at the start of transcription from all subjects was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Plasma fibrinogen level was measured with prothrombin time (PT) assay.Results The fibrinogen level in infarction group(4.82?0.26 g/L) was significantly higher than that in control group(4.37?0.19 g/L)( P 0.05).The A-455 allele frequency in infarction group was significantly higher than those in control group and hypertension group (all P 0.05). Conclusion Plasma fibrinogen level is affected by the ?-fibrinogen gene -455G/A polymorphism. The fibrinogen A-455 allele may be an independent risk factor of cerebral infarction.

The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proved effective in clinical practice for thousands of years. To standardize the clinical protocols of TCM is absolutely necessary for enhancing the research quality of TCM and expanding the international influence of TCM. The standardization research on clinical protocols of TCM should be based on the basic theory of TCM and in the light of good clinical practice (GCP) principles. The clinical criteria for both diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of disease are also needed. To include all symptoms, tongue manifestations and pulse presentations into case report form, and to compare the differences in these clinical parameters between effective and non-effective cases by multivariate analysis may be helpful to find more specific indications for therapeutic protocol of TCM. Furthermore, It is suggested that two or more clinical trials on one therapeutic protocol are needed to identify its accurate indications.

After the necessity to compile n the union catalog of minority nationality medical documents in Yunnan Province was analyzed according to the scattered collection of minority nationality medical information resources and no available standard minority nationality medical documents catalog, how to compile it was discussed from the aspects of the collection and catalog organization of literature information resources, and quality control of bibliographic data, in order to construct the support system for minority nationality medical information resources.

Mitral effective regurgitant orifice area was measured by using color Doppler flow convergenee method,and its value on quantilarian of mitral insufficiency Was evaluated.The results showed that the parameter was correlated well with regurgitant volume,regurgitant fraction,color Doppler jet beginning width and jet area(r=0.89、0.84、0.82 and 0.67 respectively,P<0.001～0,0001).The accurate rate in differentiating mild and moderate from severe mitral regurgitation was 95.7% with the effective regurgitant orifice area≥30mm2.The effective regurgitant orifie area is a good parameter in quantification of naitral insufficiency.

The value of flow convergence and jet parameters in quantification of mitral regurgitation was estimated.The resultS showed that there were excellent correlations between mitral regurgitant flow convergence volume and mitral regurgitant volume,regurgitant fraction(r=0.87～0.93,P<0.0001).The correlations between jet parameters and regurgtant volume,regurgitant fraction were different,jet beginning width:r=0.88 and 0.81(P<0.0001),jet area : r=0.72 and O.50 and 0.61(P<0.05)and the ratio of jet area to left atrial area:r=0.27 and 0.29(P>0.05).The accurate rates of regurgitant flow convergence volume and jet beginning width in differentiating the grades of mitral regurgitation were 91.3～95.7%and 82.6～95.7%respectively.Mitrai regurgitant flow convergence volume is an accurate and reliable parameter in the quantification of mitral regurgitation.Jet parameters are of relative value in semiquantitation of mitral regurgitation,especially the jet beginning width.

Flow convergence is a new method of color Doppler flow quantification.The effect of instrumental settings on flow convergence was investigated in an in-vitro model.The result showed that the flow convergence volume increased from 1.67±1.01 l/min to 2.20±1.35～2.30±1.43 l/min(P< 0.0001)when aliasing limit(same concept as Nyquist frequency)was changed from 23 cm/s to 12cm/s. There was no significant effect on flow convergence volume with the change of other instrumental settings,including Color gain,frame frequency,paket size,transmit power,transducer frequency,etc. Color Doppler flow convergence is influenced by aliasing limit.mainly because that the isovelocity surfaces in acceleration region developed by different aliasing limits are not always in the shape of hemisphere.The result suggested that besides the selection of aliasing limit fits to a hemispherical isovelocity surface,flow convergence is rarely affected by the other instrumental settings,and therefore is a relatively stable parameter of flow quantification.

Objective To explore effect of swan-like memory connector (SMC) on bioelectric potential changes during the course of experimental fracture healing and its relation with fracture healing. Methods Bilateral humerus of 33 New Zealand rabbits were osteotomized in midshaft. One random side was fixed with SMC and the other one plated by the four-hole dynamic compression plate (DCP). The bioelectric potential changes of the fractured humerus in eight animals were determined using modified Friedenberg's technique,at eight time intervals (prefracture,postfracture,postfixation immediately,1, 2,4,8 and 12 weeks after surgery). The rabbits were killed at the 1st,2nd,4th,8th and 12th weeks respectively postoperatively and the humerus in 5 rabbits harvested for HE sections. Results The bioelectric potential of fracture site remained invariably negative all the time in the Group SMC. However,the bioelectric potential began to recover from the 2nd week after operation and reached the normal level of prefracture at the 4th week in the Group DCP,with a significant difference compared with the Group SMC ( P