Glaucoma is a kind of disease with irreversible degeneration of optic nerve and visual field defects,and the mechanism of optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma has undefined at present;meanwhile,the treatment of glaucoma has not been achieving satisfying outcomes in clinical practices.It has been well known that stem cells have the ability to self-proliferate and differentiate.Recently,with the deepening of stem cell research,it is possible for humans to use stem cells to treat glaucoma.There are two methods of stem cell transplantation for glaucoma:stem cell replacement therapy for trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cell replacement therapy,so this article will give a review on the progress of stem cells in the treatment of glaucoma.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the domestic wire-reinforced epidural catheter on complications related to anesthesia during labor analgesia.Methods A total of 2 407 parturients,aged 18-40 yr,weighing 50-100 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective operations under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia,were divided into 2 groups using a random number table:comnon epidural catheter group (group Ⅰ,n=1 203) and wirereinforced epidural catheter group (group Ⅱ,n=1 204).After successful epidural puncture,the appropriate amount of local anesthetics was injected into the subarachnoid space,and the corresponding epidural catheter was then inserted,and the depth was 3 em.Paresthesia during catheterization,unexpected catheter displacement,difficult extubation,catheter bending,epidural bleeding,successful insertion at first attempt,successful insertion time,the number of successfully delivered doses and consumption of patientcontrolled analgesia solution were recorded.The patients were followed up after operation for nerve damage.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the incidence of paresthesia during catheterization,unexpected catheter displacement and catheter bending was significantly decreased,the occurrence of epidural bleeding was reduced,the success rate of insertion at first attempt was increased,successful insertion time was shortened,the incidence of difficult extubation was increased (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the number of successfully delivered doses,consumption of patient-controlled analgesia solution or incidence of nerve damage after operation in group Ⅱ (P＞0.05).Conclusion Complications related to anesthesia are reduced when the domestic wire-reinforced epidural catheter is used for labor analgesia.

Objective To investigate effects of thoracoscopic sternal elevation by using a steel bar(Nuss procedure) in the treatment of pectus excavatum in children.Methods Under the assistance of thoracoscopy,a substernal tunnel was created using a blunt dissector via a right thoracic incision.Then a steel bar was inserted under the sternum.After the bar was placed in position,it was turned over to elevate the deformed sternum and the anterior chest wall.Results The operation was completed successfully in all the 11 cases.The operating time ranged 50~85 min(mean, 67 min).The intraoperative blood loss ranged 5~20 ml(mean,10 ml).The surgical outcomes were classified as "excellent" in 9 cases,"good" in 1 case,and "fair" in 1.Follow-up observations for 2~15 months(mean,6.4 months) in 8 cases showed satisfactory appearance.Conclusions Thoracoscopic Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum in children is a minimally invasive technique with limited surgical trauma,minimal blood loss,simple performance,rapid recovery,and good cosmetic results,being worthy of recommendation.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of glutamine on parenteral alimentation in patients with severe craniocerebral injury in ICU. Methods 120 patients with severe brain injury in our hospital from November 2013 to November 2014 were selected as the research object.According to the random number table method, the 120 patients were divided into experimental group and control group, 60 cases in each group.The patients in the experimental group received glutamine parenteral nutrition support, while the control group received conventional parenteral nutritional support.The serum total protein, albumin, the complications and malnutrition-inflammation score(MIS) scores of the two groups were compared.Results The serum total protein and serum albumin levels of the experimental group post-treatment were significant higher than those in the control group (P<0.001).The complication rate in the experimental group was 15.0%, significantly lower than the control group of 55.0%(χ2 =21.099,P<0.001).The patients of normal MIS score in the experimental group were obviously superior to the control group ( 70.0% vs.33.3%, χ2 =16.151, P <0.001 ). Conclusion Adding glutamine to parenteral nutrition support therapy in the treatment of patients with severe craniocerebral injury can effectively improve the nutritional status after operation and strengthen nutrition support.

Objective:To probe into the mechanism of the formation of neuroma and stump pai n,and the development of nerve fibres after the proximal ends of peripheral nerv e were bridged by pedicled skeletal muscle.Methods:Forty Wister white rats were randomly divided into experimental group an d control group.The left sciatic nerves of all the rats were transected at the s ame level,and the distal parts of nerves were cut off. The proximal end of the t ransected sciatic nerve in th experimental group was longitudinally divided into two parts,and the two ends were bridged by pedicled skeletal muscle.The proxima l ends of sciatic nerves were left in situ.The sciatic nerves were detected afte r 16 weeks.Results:In experimental group,the regenerated nerve fibres grew into skeletal mu scle bridge via anastomosis and distributed among the skeletal fascicle,and ther e was no formation of neuroma.Conclusion:The pedicled skeletal muscle bridging of the proximal ends of the amp utated peripheral nerves may prevent the formation of neuroma.

Objective To estimate the effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure (BP) of children and adolescents by using meta-analysis. Methods The articles of the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) on the DASH diet were collected and selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the blood pressure change associated with DASH diet in children and adolescents. Results Eight RCT papers involving experimental group for 838 and the control group for 1 222 were included. All the papers had high methodological quality. According to comparative analysis between the lowest tertiles of DASH Score and highest tertiles of DASH Score, the DASH-style pattern led to lower systolic BP(SBP) (WMD=-2.29 mmHg, 95%CI:-3.20--1.38) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)and diastolic BP(DBP) (WMD=-2.18 mmHg, 95%CI:-3.00--1.35) levels. Comparing with pre-DASH diet, the DASH diet was more effective in lowing SBP (WMD=-5.83 mmHg, 95%CI:-9.55--2.11)and DBP(WMD=-2.78 mmHg, 95%CI:-4.74--0.83). Comparing with the routine care (RC), the DASH diet was proved more effective than RC in lowing SBP(WMD=-4.98 mmHg, 95%CI:-7.37--2.59) and DBP(WMD=-1.47 mmHg, 95%CI:-2.53--0.41) in children and adolescents. The DASH diet was more effective in lowing SBP(WMD=-3.25 mmHg, 95%CI:-5.46--1.05)than DBP in children and adolescents. Conclusion This research suggested that DASH diet had a positive clinical efficacy on blood pressure in children and adolescents, and caused a greater decrease in SBP than in DBP.

AIM To establish mice hyperuricemia model METHOD Yeast extract paste 7 5～30 g?kg -1 was given to mice by ig once daily for 7,14,21,28 consecutive days, and detected the level of uric acid in serum RESULT The serum uric acid level in mice were (271 8?53 2),(215 4?31 5),(195 9?56 0),(142 1?30 7) ?mol?L -1 in 30 g?kg -1 group after administration 1,2,3,4 weeks;and (226 8?40 7),(148 67?30 4),(176 9?27 0),(119 3?27 4) ?mol?L -1 in 15 g?kg -1 group after administration 1,2,3,4 weeks;In 7 5 g?kg -1 group the serum uric acid level was (117 0?29 0) ?mol?L -1 after 1 week, respectively CONCLUSION Yeast extract paste (15～30) g?kg -1 given by ig could form mice hyperuricemia model, and the hyperuricemia could last 1～2 weeks

Interferon-alpha is one of the most important drugs against hepatitis virus,and it can inhibit the replication of virus by inducing the expression of 2'-5'-OAS,PKR,MxA through Jak-STAT pathway in hepatocytes.The effects are also concerned with other signal pathways,such as MAPK,IRS-1/PI3K-p70S6 kinase pathways and so on.In order to prolong the half life of interferon-alpha and enhance its effectiveness,many other long-lasting interferons are developed,such as pegylated interferon,recombinant human serum albumin-interferon,and liposome interferon,which maybe take the place of interferon-alpha.The research and development of more long-acting and efficient interferons are becoming a more and more important way to the anti-virus treatment of hepatitis.

BACKGROUND: One unit of umbilical cord blood does not have a sufficient number of peripheral blood stem cells to meet the requirements of transplantation in adults. One solution of this problem is their ex vivo expansion, which requires not only a longer time and higher culture conditions, but also easily leads to the differentiation of stern cells, thus affecting the effects of transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To transduce human interleukin-3(IL-3) gene into umbilical cord blood CD34" cells and to observe IL-3 expression. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cell-genomics in vitro experiment was performed in the Chengde Medical College in 2008. MATERIALS: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy adult were provided by Chengde Blood Center, and umbilical cord blood was provided by Chengde Maternal and Child Care Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from each donor. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation and umbilical blood CD34+ cells were isolated using immunomagnetic beads method. IL-3 mRNA was extracted. IL-3 cDNA was synthesized by RT-PCR, and IL-3 cDNA was subcloned into eukaryotic expressing vector pcDNA3. In the experimental group, pcDNA3/IL-3 vectors were transduced into umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells, while in the control group, transfection was not performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detection of IL-3 level in umbilical cord blood CD34" cells suspension using ELISA kits. RESULTS: Theoretically, the amplified IL-3 cDNA was 616 bp, and actually, after agarose gel electrophoresis, the PCR products exhibited a strip with expected size under ultraviolet ray. Extraction of IL-3mRNA was successful and reversely transcripted cDNA was complete. A 616-bp inserted fragment was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis after double digestion with BamH Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ, and it was the same as IL-3 sequence. Within 1-7 days after transfection, IL-3 level in the umbilical cord CD34+ cells suspension was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t = 3.46, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-3 cDNA was successfully cloned, and eukaryotic expressing plasmid pcDNA3/IL-3 that could be effectively expressed within short term in umbilical cord CD34+ cells was successfully constructed.

BACKGROUND: A lot of important organs are worthless for clinical application because they are hard to store for a long time. In addition, tissues or organs which are dealt with cryopreservation also attack ischemia/reperfusion injury with the recovery of blood flow; especially, skeletal muscle is the most involved tissue.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective influence of edaravone on cellular membrane and mitochondria of replanted rat extremities following ischemia/reperfusion injury due to cryopreservation and rewarming.DESIGN: Randomized contrast animal study.SETTING: Basic Medical College of Southern Medical University; Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Cryopreservation Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital from April to November 2006. A total of 36 healthy adult male Wistar rats were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Medical College of Shandong University. All rats were randomly divided into control group, cryopreservation group and edaravone group with 12 in each group.METHODS: Femoral artery and vein of rats in control group were exposured, but extremities were not blocked. Rats in other two groups were used to establish ischemia/reperfusion injury models of replanted extremities. Before cryopreservation, their right hindlimbs were cut off and maintained in liquid nitrogen container for 1 month. After the operation mentioned above, the broken limbs were rewarmed, perfused with routine eluant and replanted. Four hours later, blood supply of extremities was recirculated and the samples were selected. Eluant in edaravone group contained 0.5 mg/kg edaravone. Samples of skeletal muscle were selected at the same time point to establish cellular membrane and extract mitochondria. Furthermore, fluorescence polarization of cellular membrane (reflecting liquidity in cellular membrane lipid area), malondialdehyde (MDA) content of mitochondria, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and respiratory controlling rate were measured; meanwhile, mitochondrial ultrastructure of skeletal muscle was observed under transmission electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Fluorescence polarization of cellular membrane, MDA content of mitochondria, SOD activity and respiratory controlling rate of skeletal muscle; ②mitochondrial ultrastructure of skeletal muscle.RESULTS: All 36 rats were involved in the final analysis without any loss. ①SOD activity and respiratory controlling rate of mitochondria in skeletal muscle: The values of these two items were higher in edaravone group that those in cryopreservation group (P＜0.05).②Fluorescence polarization of cellular membrane and MDA content of mitochondria in skeletal muscle: The values of these two items were lower in edaravone group than those in cryopreservation group (P＜0.05). ③Mitochondrial ultrastructure of skeletal muscle: Injured degree of skeletal muscle was milder in edaravone group than that in cryopreservation group.CONCLUSION: Edaravone can relieve ischemia/reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle and protect cellular membrane and mitochondria of skeletal muscle. Its mechanism may be related to directly inhibiting hydroxy free radicals, increasing SOD activity of skeletal muscle, reducing generation of MDA and promoting normal oxidative phosphorylation.