Objective To establish a rapid method of real-time fluorescence RT-PCR to quantify Soul virus.Methods The pro-fessional software was adopted to design the primer and the TaqMan-BHQ probe.With artificially synthesized L gene segment as the template of Soul virus,the real-time RT-PCR for detecting Soul virus was researched.Results The Ct value of templates had a good linear relationship with the log value of the template diluted concentration.The standard curve was Y =-3.607X +41.84, r2 =0.998,the PCR amplification efficiency was 108.1%,its lowest detection limit was 53.2 copies/μL.Conclusion Applying the real-time fluorescence RT-PCR by the TaqMan-BHQ probe for detecting nucleic acid of Seoul virus has the characteristics of short time-consuming and high sensitivity.

Objective:To review the drug absorption evaluation methods for pulmonary delivery. Methods: The drug absorption cell models, in vitro pulmonary membrane model and in vivo animal model were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of those models and applications were reviewed by referring to the databases in CNKI and Pubmed. Results:The appro-priate animal model and method for the study of pulmonary absorption should be chosen according to the experimental purpose and char-acteristics of drugs. Conclusion:The review provides the thoughts and theoretical basis for the research and development of pulmonary delivery.

Curcumin is the main active component in turmeric, which possesses many pharmacologic effects, including anti-in-flammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-atherosclerosis, liver and kidney protection and so on. However, due to its poor bioavail-ability, its clinical application is limited. Therefore, the methods for improving the bioavailability of curcumin were reviewed by refer-ring to a large number of literatures. The bioavailability of curcumin can be improved by different administration routes and various dos-age forms. The review provides theoretical basis and research ideas for the development of new drugs.

Recently, neuroimging techniques are widely applied in the nervous systemic disease. With the development of neuroimaging, the neuroimaging studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are more and more in-depth. The main purpose is to identify AD patients in the early stage (clinically normal), to treat and prevent the disease in the early stage. This article reviewed the progress of various of imaging studies in AD disease.

To investigate the cellular immunity abnormalities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA), peripheral blood lymphocytes subpopulations, interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and natural killer (NK) cell activity were determined in 9 patients with RA. The results showed that there were a remarkable decrease in NK cell activity and poor response to IL-2 stimlulation. IL-2 production and.the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptor were increased in RA patients. The percentage of T4 positive cells and the ratio of T4/T8 were also increased in patients with RA. The results indicate that there are severe cellular immunity abnormalities in patients with RA.

Objective To study the default mode network (DMN) of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) related to leukoaraiosis (LA) with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods 31 LA patients (Clinical Dementia Rating of 0.5) and 27 normal controls (Clinical Dementia Rating of 0, and matched in age, gender and lever of education) were scanned with the rs-fMRI. The data was analyzed with SPM5 software, using independent component analysis. The differences between the both groups were compared with two-sample t-test. Results The DMN during resting-state of normal controls was posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, bilateral medial frontal cortex, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, bilateral inferior parietal gyrus, angular gyrus, bilateral hippocampus. The DMN of MCI group was consistent with the normal controls, but the activation decreased in anterior cingulate cortex/left medial frontal lobe, right parahippcampus/ uncus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left deep frontal white matter/head of caudate nucleus; and increased in the left caudate nucleus/anterior cingulate cortex, left frontal lobe, and left superior temporal gyrus/inferior parietal gyrus. Conclusion Activation of resting-state functional network is disorder in LA, which may relate to cognitive impairment.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) can be applied to study the resting-state network, and it is easier than task-related fMRI. Imaging principle, research methods of rs-fMRI, as well as its application in cognitive impairment were reviewed in this article.

Objective To detect the effective connectivity of resting- state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in normal adults. Methods 36 normal adults were performed resting-state fMRI scanning, and 5 brain netwokes were included as regions of interests. Independent component (ICA) was used to evaluate the effective connectivity, and multivariate Granger causality analysis (mGCA) was used to analyze the casuality between the networks. All preprocessing steps were carried out using Statistical Parametric Mapping 5.0 software. Results 5 classic resting brain networks including default mode network (DMN), memory network (MeN), motor network (MoN), auditory network (AN) and executive control network (ECN) were aquired. The mGCA presented significant casuality between DMN and other 4 networks, MeN and ECN, AN and MoN, ECN and AN. Conclusion There are specific brain effective connectivity of resting-state fMRI in normal adults, and there is significant causal link between these networks.

Objective:To analyze the characteristic of nerve tracts in different stages of cognitive impairment caused by white matter hypertensities, applying diffusion tensor imaging-peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity as evaluation indicator.Methods:Demographic characteristics and vascular risk factors of all subjects were recorded.Screened out 50 subjects without WMH and whose MoCA scale was more than or equal 26 points as normal control group.Then, we assessed 85 patients with WMH using the MoCA scale and clinical dementia assessment. Of 85 patients, 45 cases were divided into the normal cognition group, 23 cases were assigned into non-dementia vascular cognitive impairment group, and 17 cases into the vascular dementia group.The diffusion tensor imaging-peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity marking method was used to compare the integrity of white matter fibers in WMH patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment and normal control group.Results:The difference of PSMD among the four groups was statistically significant(CN group: 3.558±0.157, VCIND group: 4.128±0.222, VaD group: 5.469±0.000, NC group: 2.612±0.105, F=42.479, P<0.05). PSMD in WMH groups were higher than that in NC group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between WMH-VCIND group and WMH-CN group ( P=0.067). The PSMD of WMH-VAD group was higher than that of WMH-CN group and WMH-VCIND group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:PSMD can accurately detect white matter fiber damage caused by WMH.The degree of WMH combined cognitive decline was not completely consistent with the degree of PSMD increase.Compared with the cases with normal WMH cognition, PSMD was not significantly increased when WMH was combined with VCIND, while PSMD was significantly increased when WMH was combined with VaD.DTI-PSMD value as imaging marker can provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis of WMH-VaD.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the function of Th17 cells in allergic rhinitis,through comparing the symptoms, pathology and and the quantity of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine in normal mice, allergic rhinitis mice and allergic rhinitis mice with IL-17 antibody application. METHOD: Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, control group, allergic rhinitis group, and therapy group. The allergic rhinitis model was induced by classical method with ovalbumin. The therapy group was treated with IL-17 antibody. The concentration of IL-17, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nasal mucosal inflammation was evaluated by HE staining. The expression of RORgammat mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The expression level of IL-17, IL-4 and RORgammat mRNA in allergic rhinitis group were significantly higher than those of control group and IL-17 antibody treated group (P < 0.05). While the expression level of IFN-gamma in allergic rhinitis group were significantly was lower than those of control group and IL-17 antibody treated group (P < 0.05). The inflammation reaction in therapy group abated with nasal mucosal HE staining. CONCLUSION The large quantity of Th2, Th17 cells were found in allergic rhinitis. It might be associated with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. The control of Th17 cells expression may be an effective way to treat allergic rhinitis.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-17 ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; immunology ; Rhinitis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Th17 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology