The expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in thymus of female BALB/c mice at different ages was investigated. The results showed that the expression of ER in thymus was increased from 1 to 8 weeks after birth. ER positive cells were thymic epithelial cells and thymocytes. ER existed not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus.

Objective:To observe the inhibitory effect of metformin on the inflammatory response of Kupffer cells (KCs) of liver in the diabetic mice, and to explore its improvement on the phagocytic function of KCs, and to elucidate the protective mechanism of metformin on the KCs in the diabetic mice.Methods:The C57BLKS/J db/db mice were divided into diabetes group and diabetes+metformin group, and the C57BLKS/J db/m mice were divided into non-diabetes group and non-diabetes+metformin group, 8mice in each group.The KCs were cultured in vitro and the changes of ultrastrustures of KCs were observed by transmission electron microscope.The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α) andγ-interferon (INF-γ) in the KCs were detected by ELISA.The expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) protein in the KCs was detected by Western blotting method.Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the neutrophil chemotaxis ability of the KCs, and the phagocytic ability of KCs was observed under inverted microscope.Results:The number of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the KCs of the diabetic mice was reduced, the RER expanded, the mitochondria swelled, and the lipid droplets were increased.Compared with non-diabetes group, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γand the expression level of ICAM-1in the KCs of the mice in diabetes group were significantly increased (P＜0.05) ;the neutrophil chemotaxis ability of the KCs was enhanced (P＜0.05) , and the phagocytic ability was decreased (P＜0.05) .Compared with diabetes group, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γand the expression level of ICAM-1in the KCs in diabetes+metformin group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) ;the neutrophil chemotaxis ability was decreased (P＜0.05) , and the phagocytic ability was enhanced (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:Metformin can inhibit the inflammatory response of KCs in the diabetic mice and improve its phagocytic function and protect the KCs.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) and its prognosis. Methods: Fifty-two cases of PMP collected from 2012 to 2017 at Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were reviewed using the diagnostic criteria of WHO 2010. The histopathologic features, including original location, neural invasion and calcification were observed; and the relationship with prognosis was analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for CK7, CK20 and CDX2 was performed on all cases. ER, PR, and p16 were additionally performed on those without clear origin. Results: Patients′ mean age was 52.0 years, and included 29 males and 23 females. Thirty-two cases were derived from appendix; among them, 23 were low grade and 29 were high grade. Signet ring-cells, neural invasion and calcification were detected in 15, 12 and 9 cases respectively. Neural invasion was associated with adverse prognosis (P=0.025) and signet ring cell morphology (P<0.01). Prognosis was not related to gender, age, original location or grade. Conclusion Neural invasion is not uncommon in PMP and predicts a bad prognosis.

Objective To discuss the relationship between discipline ranking and personnel rationality,and explore the problems of personnel development among all the disciplines and put forward further countermeasures.Methods A 3A general hospital in Beijing was targeted,and departments in it were divided into,in descending order of hospital regulations,key disciplines,developing-key disciplines,characteristic disciplines and general disciplines.To analyze the rationality of personnel,four dimensions as educational background structure,professional title structure,age structure and academic proficiency of department leader were adopted.Results The hospital had 52 departments in total,which were divided into key disciplines (7),developing-key disciplines (10),characteristic disciplines (6) and general disciplines (29).With the decline of the discipline level,the problem of the talent team was gradually increasing.The major problem of personnel among all the disciplines was that the proportion of senior staff was too high,so did the key disciplines and developing key disciplines.Age structure irrationalized was another major problem for developing-key disciplines.As for characteristic disciplines,the problems in personnel were even diversified,which included not only the irrational age structure and senior professional proportion,but also the fact that director of one third of these departments showed low academic proficiency.In general disciplines,all above four types of problems exited.Conclusions The rationality of the talent team is closely related to the level of the discipline.Problems in personnel varied among different disciplines,and countermeasures should be provided targeted at existing problems.

Objective:Case mix index indicates the capacity of disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as the quality of health cares in related disciplines. Science and technology evaluation metrics represent the level of innovation and sustainable development of science and technology. Quality of health care and sustainable development are considered as two key evaluation indicators in the performance evaluation of national tertiary public hospitals. This study aimed to explore the effect of case mix index on the science and technology evaluation metrics.Methods:According to a cross-sectional design, the relationship between case mix index and science and technology evaluation metrics was analyzed in a tertiary public general hospital between 2017 and 2019.Results:In three years′ period time, the departments in top 100 disciplines of science and technology evaluation metrics had the case mix index 17% which was higher than other departments in non-top 100 disciplines ( P<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, higher case mix index increased a 2.29-fold higher probability to be in top 100 disciplines. They are under the receiver operative character curve between case mix index and top 100 disciplines in evaluation of departments was 0.716 ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Case mix index indicated the level of science and technology evaluation metrics and the clinical departments should improve the case mix index, service quality of health care and the motivation of sustainable development.

Objective:By using balloon occlusive hepatic angiography in cirrhotic portal hypertension to evaluate contrast doses on the detection rate of intrahepatic venous-lateral branch shunt (HVVC), and the effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and portal vein pressure gradient (PPG).Methods:From Jan 2018 to Jun 2021, 131 patients received transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) at Beijing Shijitan Hospital.Results:A positive correlation between PVP and weged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) ( r=0.241, P=0.001) was found when only by right hepatic vein approach. Ten ml of iodine contrast medium when compared to 5ml doses found more cases of intrahepatic venous-venous lateral branch shunt. The mean PPG of patients with HVVC was significantly higher than the mean of HVPG( P<0.05).The right hepatic vein was the only reliable vein by which WHVP was measured. Conclusions:Right hepatic vein manometry,adequate ballon occlusion and using 10ml of iodine contrast help get reliable WHVP and found HVVC; HVVC can affect the consistency of HVPG and PPG.

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with colorectal cancer (DCRC). Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Inclusion criteria: (1) hospitalized patients receiving fibrocolonoscopy; (2) adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma diagnosed by pathology; (3) with preoperative cTNM clinical staging; (4) colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment; (5) with postoperative pTNM staging; (6) no smoking or drinking habits. Exclusion criteria: (1) familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP); (2) Lynch syndrome; (3) carcinoma of anal canal and perianal carcinoma; (4) multiple primary cancer; (5) with serious cardiocerebrovascular diseases or multiple organ failure. Clinicopathlogical data of 32 DCRC patients who were diagnosed and treated in Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Forty nondiabetic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during the same period were selected as control group according to the sex ratio and the age difference less than 5 years. Student′s t test and χ² test were used to compare the difference between the two groups in baseline clinicopathological data, clinical test results, tumor markers and infiltration status of T cells in tumor immune microenvironment. Results: Among 32 DCRC patients, 24 were males and 8 were females with a mean age of (63.0±1.7) years; among 40 CRC patients, 30 were males and 10 were females with a mean age of (60.5±1.6) years. The duration of diabetes mellitus in DCRC patients (from the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer) was (9.2±1.3) years. The body mass index (BMI) of DCRC group was significantly higher than that of CRC group [(24.8±0.6) kg/m² vs. (23.2±0.4) kg/m², t=2.372, P=0.020]. There were no significant differences in other baseline data (sex, age, primary site of tumor, R0 resection rate, pathological stage, pathological type, differentiation degree of tumor, preoperative intestinal obstruction) between the two groups (all P>0.05). Serum triglyceride level in DCRC group was higher than that in CRC group [(2.1±0.2) mmol/L vs. (1.5±0.1) mmol/L, t=3.085, P=0.003], while hemoglobin [(120.3±5.2) g/L vs. (132.7±2.8) g/L, t=-2.224, P=0.029], anti- thrombin III [(94.2±3.7)% vs. (103.5±2.4)%, t=-2.197, P=0.031], and red blood cell count [(4.2±0.1)×10¹²/L vs. (4.5±0.1)×10¹²L, t=-2.055, P=0.044] were all lower than those in CRC group. The preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in DCRC group was higher than that in CRC group [(50.3±21.8) μg/L vs. (5.6±1.0) μg/L, t=2.339, P=0.022]. There were no significant differences in preoperative levels of other four tumor molecular markers (CA199, CA242, CA724 and CA125) between the two groups (all P>0.05). The expression of Foxp3 [specific markers of CD4+, CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg)] in DCRC group was higher than that in CRC group [(82.7±6.2) cell/HPF vs. (62.6±4.9) cell/HPF, t=2.586, P=0.012]. There were no significant differences in the infiltration of CD4, CD8, PD-1 and PD-L1 positive cells between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions The average diabetic history of DCRC patients is nearly 10 years. They have higher BMI and serum CEA level, and more Treg cell infiltration in the tumor. Close attention should be paid to these patients in clinical practice.