Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of Q?SPECT, CTPA, Q?SPECT/CT, and Q?SPECT/CTPA for pulmonary embolism (PE) in rabbit models. Methods (1) The PE models were constructed by injecting Gelfoam into the femoral vein of New Zealand rabbits ( n=30) . Q?SPECT, CTPA, Q?SPECT/CT and Q?SPECT/CTPA fusion images were obtained by integrated SPECT/CT. (2) All images were interpreted by two experienced nuclear radiologists who were blind to pathologic findings. The locations and numbers of lung lobes with PE were recorded respectively. ( 3) Serial sectioning of the lungs was per?formed and pathologically determined. (4) Se, Sp and Ac of different methods were compared using McNemar test;PPV and NPV were compared usingχ2 test. Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between two nuclear radiologists. Kappa values<0.40 were interpreted as poor consistency, 0.40 to 0.75 as moderate con?sistency, >0.75 as good consistency. Results (1) Histologically confirmed emboli were present in a total of 26 pulmonary lobes and absent in 79 lobes. (2)The Se, Sp, Ac, PPV, and NPV of 4 imaging methods were:53.8%(14/26), 93.7%(74/79), 83.8%(88/105), 14/19, 86.0%(74/86) for Q?SPECT;73.1%(19/26), 96.2%(76/79), 90.5%(95/105), 86.4%(19/22), 91.6%(76/83) for CTPA;76.9%(20/26), 93.7%(74/79), 89.5%(94/105), 80.0%(20/25), 92.5%(74/80)for Q?SPECT/CT;88.5%(23/26), 91.1%(72/79), 90.5%(95/105), 76.7%(23/30), 96.0%(72/75) for Q?SPECT/CTPA. (3) McNemar test showed Q?SPECT/CT and Q?SPECT/CTPA had higher diagnostic Se for the detection of PE than Q?SPECT (χ2=4.167, 7.111, both P<0.05) , but without any significant difference with CTPA in diagnostic efficiency (χ2=0-2.250, all P>0.05) . Q?SPECT/CT had higher diagnostic Ac than Q?SPECT (χ2=4.167, P<0.05) . There was no significant difference between Q?SPECT/CT and Q?SPECT/CTPA in diagnostic effi?ciency (χ2=0.001-1.333, all P>0.05). (4)Kappa values of 4 imaging methods for radiologist 1 and 2 were 0.902, 0.915, 0.973, and 0.884. Conclusions Q?SPECT/CT imaging provides good Se and Sp. The diag?nostic efficiency of Q?SPECT/CT is better than that of Q?SPECT and is corresponded roughly to the efficien?cy of CTPA, Q?SPECT/CTPA. The diagnosis of two radiologists on Q?SPECT/CT images has the best con?sistency.

Objective To explore the content and psychometric properties of sarcopenia measurements for older adults. Methods Using the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)linking and coding rules,a content analysis were conducted on the seven types of measurement tools for geriatric sarcopenia,including Strength,Assistance with walking,Rising from a chair,Climbing stairs,and Falls(SARC-F);Ishii Test;Mini Sar-copenia Risk Assessment-7(MSRA-7);6-minute walk test(6MWT);Barthel Index(BI);Short Physical Perfor-mance Battery(SPPB);and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS 2.0),and psychometric property was explored. Results The seven measurement tools can be categorized into body functions and structures,activities and participation,and comprehensive categories.ICF coding for SARC-F involved muscle power functions(b730),walking(d450),changing basic body position(d410),etc.Ishii Test involved muscle power functions(b730)and weight maintenance functions(b530).MSRA-7 involved walking(d450),involuntary movement reaction functions(b755),muscle endurance functions(b740),etc.ICF coding for 6MWT involved walking(d450).SPPB involved changing basic body position(d410),control voluntary movement functions(b760),and walking(d450).BI in-volved eating(d550),drinking(d560),washing oneself(d510),caring for body parts(d520),etc.WHODAS 2.0 involved attention functions(b140),acquiring skills(d155),communication-receiving-verbal messages(d310),community life(d910),etc.SARC-F was low to medium in sensitivity,and medium to excellent in specificity.Ishii Test was medium to good in sensitivity,average to good in specificity,and good in diagnostic performance.MSRA-7 was medium to good in sensitivity,average in specificity,and average to medium in diagnostic perfor-mance,while MSRA-5 was average to good in sensitivity,average in specificity,and medium in diagnostic per-formance.6MWT was average to medium in sensitivity,and average in specificity.SPPB was average in sensitiv-ity,average to medium in specificity,and average to excellent in diagnostic performance.BI was good in reliabili-ty,and WHODAS 2.0 was excellent in reliability. Conclusion The measurement tools for sarcopenia can be categorized into body functions and structures,activities and participation,and comprehensive assessment tools combining the above.The psychometric properties of the sev-en measurement tools are low to excellent in sensitivity and average to excellent in specificity.

ObjectiveTo analyze the occurrence of sport injury in Paralympic athletes during the Summer or Winter Paralympic Games, as well as the risk factors for sport injuries and possible interventions. MethodsThe literatures related to sport injuries of Paralympic athletes were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI from January, 2013 to July, 2022, and a scoping review of the retrieved literature was performed. ResultsFinally, eight English articles from China, Sweden, South Africa, Poland and the United States were included, involving 4 769 atheletes. They included one interview study, five survey studies, one retrospective study and one prospective cohort study, which were mainly from journals in the fields of sport medicine, adaptive sport and sport science, and the publication date was mainly from 2016 to 2022. The types of disability of Paralympic athletes mainly involved physical disability (upper and lower limb amputation, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, poliomyelitis, dysplasia and neuromuscular dystrophy, central nervous system injury, myelomeningocele, etc.), intellectual disability and visual disability. The incidence of sport injury was high in Paralympic athletes, and most of the injury occured during competitions. Acute injury, chronic overuse injury and chronic to acute injury were the three most common types of injury. Sports injuries mainly involved head and neck, upper limbs (shoulders, upper arms/forearms, elbows, wrists and fingers), trunk (abdomen, back and waist), and lower limbs (hips/groin, thighs, knees, calves, ankles and toes). Risk factors for sport injuries in Paralympic athletes mainly included previous injury history, illness, fatigue and decreased physical strength, spasticity and muscle weakness; emotional states of inattention or distraction, excessive anxiety or excitement; improper exercise training methods, lack of knowledge related to sport training and injury prevention, and motor skill deficiencies; weather, competition venues, sport facilities, use of equipment and assistive devices, age factors, etc. Injuries of Paralympic athletes could be prevented by providing rehabilitation services for Paralympic athletes, optimizing training design, conducting collective training for coaches and athletes on various types of injuries, conducting research related to sport injuries of disabled athletes, formulating prevention programs and strategies, improving the physical fitness and sport skills of Paralympic athletes, improving emergency treatment techniques for injuries, and strengthening coordination and governance structures between sport medicine and rehabilitation therapists. ConclusionThe incidence of sport injury is high in Paralympic athletes. Chronic overuse injury is the most common injury type, and the injuries most involve head, neck and upper extremities. The risk factors for sport injuries of Paralympic athletes mainly involve physical function, psychological, activities and participation, environment and other factors. The main intervention strategies include providing emergency treatment intervention and monitoring services, sport medicine treatment and rehabilitation, guidance and specialized support, and health education on sport injury prevention.