Toll-like receptors(TLRs), as the family members of type Ⅰ transmembrane receptors, play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, TLRs are believed to be the cntical receptors in innate immunity . Innate immunity activated by the recognition of exogenous or endogenous by TLRs induces multiple cytokines that is the key factor to affect differentiation of naive T cells. Abnormal activation of TLIRs may cause the functional imbalance of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg, resulting in the occurence of autoimmune disease.

Objective:To investigate the clinical curative effect of Titanoreine suppositories combined with hypertonic magnesium sulfate solutions in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhoids acute attack. Methods:Totally 58 patients with postpartum hemorrhoids a-cute attack in our hospital from August 2012 to August 2013 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, 29 cases in each. The control group was treated with Titanoreine suppositories combined with hemorrhoids suppositories, and the observa-tion group was treated with Titanorein suppositories combined with hot compress using 50% sulfur acid magnesium liquids on the basis of sitz bath with potassium permanganate liquids. After the 7-day treatment, the clinical curative effect and adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups. Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was 89. 7%(26/29), which was significantly higher than that in the control group 58. 6%(17/29). The pain relief rate on the first day was 93. 1% (27/29) in the observation group, which was also significantly higher than that in the control group 58. 6%(17/29) with statistically significant difference ( P<0. 01). Conclusion: Titanoreine suppositories combined with hypertonic magnesium sulfate solutions in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhoids acute attack is with rapid onset of action and obvious curative effect.

ObjectiveTo analyze the technique and clinical effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with endoscopic balloon dilation in the treatment of upper ureterostenosis with recurrent renal calculi. MethodsFrom June 2008 to June 2011,18 ureteral stenosis patients with the history of ureteral open surgery,postoperative residual or recurrent kidney stones were treated.There were 8 males and 10 females with the age of 27 -48 years.Fourteen cases were with hydronephrosis of 2 -4 cm,3 cases were with hydronephrosis of 5 -6 cm and 1 case was with hydronephrosis ＞6 cm.Subsequent stone size ＜ 1 cm was found in 15 cases,1 -3 cm in 3 cases,＞3 cm in 1 case.All patients were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy ultrasonic lithotripsy combined with balloon dilatation.The stone clearance rate,hydronephrosis changes,complications and IVP situation before and after surgery were analyzed.ResultsAll the 18 cases were completed surgery successfully.There was 1 (6％) case with renal hemorrhage 3 days after the surgery and controlled with DSA hemostasis.There was 1 case accepted adjusting double-J tube by ureteroscopy.Sixteen (89％) patient's stones were completed removed.One case with residual calyceal stones size ＜5 mm was not further treated.There was 1 case treated with nephrectomy because of renal stone with infection.The patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months.Fourteen cases with hydmnephrosis improved significantly; 3 cases with no significant changes but improved following balloon dilation.All patients achieved significant improvement in imaging study comparing of preoperative and postoperative data.ConclusionThe use of percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with endoscopic balloon dilation is a safe and efffective treatment option in the treatment of kidney stones with ureteral stenosis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of urethral reconstruction with colonic mucosa graft in the treatment of complex long urethral stricture.Methods The clinical data of three cases with complex long urethral stricture were reported and analyzed.Patient ages were 71,64 and 48 yrs and the course of disease was three months,six months and six yrs,respectively.The length of urethral stricture was 13,18 and 12 cm.Removing the narrow urethral segment and intercepting the length from 12 to 18 cm sigmoid colon and stripping colonic mucosa were performed.Urethral reconstruction was done with a free graft of colonic mucosa.Follow-up included urethrography,uroflowmetry,and urethroscopy.Results The urethral reconstructions were completed successfully.The urinary peak flows of the patients were 16.7 ml/s,19.6 ml/s and 26.4 ml/s at six weeks post operation.Urethrography revealed the graft urethral lumens were bulky three months after the operation.In urethroscopy,the colonic mucosa was found to be of good color and the anastomotic site healed well.Patients were followed-up 28,16,and three months,respectively,and were all voiding well.Conclusions Colonic mucosa graft urethroplasty is a feasible procedure for the treatment of complex long urethral stricture.

The newly developed approach of tissue engineering has been shown to be great potential on the ligament reconstruction, however, the criterion for the scaffolding material was strict. The scaffold material must have enough strength as well as elasticity, at the same time, it should be biocompatible. As a nature protein, silk is a promising tissue engineering scaffold material for its excellent mechanical property. However, because of the contamination of sericin, the chief problem of silk's medical use is degumming. We compared three degumming reagents to choose the one which has least effect on the mechanical property of silk, and then the best degumming condition was confirmed: 0.4%NazCO3, 90 degrees C, 1 h. Rat bone morrw mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were seeded on the fibroin, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence microscope were used to detect the biocompatibility of it. And the results showed that fibroin had outstanding biocompatibility and cell affinity, which indicated the further use of fibroin in tissue engineering.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Silk ; chemistry ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of voiding urosonography (VUS) with SonoVue in evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux.

METHODSThirty-six pediatric patients (72 pyeloureter units [PUUs]) suspected of vesicoureteral reflux underwent both VUS and fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). The sensitivity of VUS and VCUG and their consistency in detecting vesicoureteral reflux as well as in grading vesicoureteral reflux were compared.

RESULTSVesicoureteral reflux was detected in 26 of the 72 PUUs (36.1%) by VUS while in 21 PUUs (29.2%) by VCUG (P=0.347). The two modalities yielded the same results for 65 PUUs (κ=0.843), showing a very good consistency between them. VUS also detected post-urethral valve in 2 patients via transperineal scans.

CONCLUSIONVUS with Sonovue has at least comparable, if not better, sensitivity in detecting vesicoureteral reflux with VCUG, and therefore should serve as the primary screening and follow-up modality for vesicoureteral reflux. In addition, transperineal VUS can be helpful in evaluation of post-urethral lesions.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Pelvis ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Phospholipids ; Sulfur Hexafluoride ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Ureter ; diagnostic imaging ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging